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COVID 19 Pandemi Döneminde Yetişkinlerin Beslenme, Sağlık Davranışı Değişiklikleri ve Yeme Davranışları

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 639 - 645, 20.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.792397

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, küresel boyutta önemli bir halk sağlık tehdidi oluşturan COVID- 19 pandemisi sürecinde yetişkin bireylerin sağlık davranışları, besin tüketimleri, öğün düzenlerindeki değişimlerin ve yeme davranışlarının incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte tasarlanan bu araştırma, Mayıs-Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasındaki 20 yaş ve üzeri 330 gönüllü yetişkin üzerinde yürütülmüştür (ortalama yaş: 33.1±11.5 yıl). Veriler, çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Anket formunda katılımcıların sağlık davranışları, besin tüketimleri, öğün düzenlerindeki değişimleri belirlemeye yönelik sorular ile yeme davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yeme bozukluğu değerlendirme ölçeği yer almıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 21.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Pandemi döneminde, yetişkinlerin sigara (p<.05), alkol (p>.05) tüketim oranları ve fiziksel aktivite (p<.05) yapma oranları düşmüş; uyku süreleri ve beden kütle indeksleri artmıştır (p<.05). Pandemi süresince günde tek ana öğün tüketenlerin oranı artmış, üç ana öğün tüketelerin oranı azalmıştır (p<.05). Ayrıca, pandemi sürecinde gece yeme oranı artmıştır (p<.05). Yetişkinlerin pandemi döneminde; karbonhidrat yönünden zengin besinler olan tahıllar, tatlı türleri ile katı yağ, çay, kahve, tüketimlerinin arttığı; balık tüketimlerinin azaldığı bulunmuştur. Yetişkinlerin yeme bozukluğu değerlendirme ölçeği ortalama puanı 2.4±1.4 olup pandemi döneminde, olası yeme bozukluğu riskinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte pandemi sürecinde normalden daha fazla besin tüketme, yemek yerken kontrolü kaybetme hissine kapılma, aşırı yemek yeme nöbetleri yaşama, saplantılı biçimde egzersiz yapma gibi olumsuz davranışlar gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonucunda pandemi sürecininin genel olarak bireylerin beslenmelerini ve sağlık davranışlarını olumsuz şekilde etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Yetişkinlerin, beslenme ve yaşam biçiminin COVID-19'a duyarlılık ve iyileşme üzerindeki etkileri hakkında bilinçlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

-

Thanks

Katılımcılara katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederim.

References

  • 1. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID 19. 2020. Available from: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr. Accessed: 10.05.2020.
  • 2. Childs CE, Calder PC, Miles EA. Diet and immune function. Nutrients2019;11(8):1933. doi: 10.3390/nu11081933
  • 3. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020; 10(2): 102-108. doi: 10.1016 / j.jpha.2020.03.001
  • 4. Butler MJ, Barrientos RM. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences.Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 53–54.doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.040
  • 5. Cohen J. Saving lives without new drugs. Science 2014; 346(6212):911. doi: 10.1126 / science.346.6212.911
  • 6. Bah EI, Lamah MC, Fletcher T, Jacob ST, Brett-Major DM, Sal AA, et al. Clinical presentation of patients with Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372:40–47.doi: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1411249.
  • 7. Laviano A, Koverech A, Zanetti M. Nutrition support in the time of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Nutrition 2020; 00, 110834.doi: 10.1016 / j.nut.2020.110834.
  • 8. Jacka FN. Nutritional Psychiatry: Where to Next? EBio Medicine 2017; 17:24–29. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.020
  • 9. Adan RAH, Beek der van EM, Buitelaar JK, Cryan JF, Hebebrand J, Higgs S et al. Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat. EurNeuropsychopharmacol. 2019; 29(12): 1321-1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011
  • 10. MacNeil L, Esposito-Smythers C, Mehlenbeck R, Weismoore J. The effects of avoidance coping and coping self-efficacy on eating disorder attitudes and behaviours: A stress-diathesis model. Eat Behav. 2012; 13(4): 293-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.06.005
  • 11. Roy D, Tripathy S, Kar KS, Sharma N, Verma SK, Kaushal V. Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic.Asian J Psychiatr. 2020; 51: 102083. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
  • 12. Yücel B. Polat A, Ikiz T, Pirim-Düşgör B, Yavuz AE, Sertel-Berk. The Turkish version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: Reliability and validity in adolescents. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2011; 19(6):509-511 doi: 10.1002/erv.1104
  • 13. World Health Organization. WHO BMI Classification. 2019. Available from: https://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.htm. Accessed: 10.05.2020.
  • 14. Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ Assessment of eating disorders: Interview or selfreport questionnaire? The Int J Eat Disord. 1994; 16: 363–70.https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363:::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-%23
  • 15. Lavender JM, De Young KP, Anderson DA. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): Norms for undergraduate men. Eat Behav. 2010; 11(2), 119-121. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.09.005.
  • 16. Haleem A, Javaid M, Vaishya R. Effects of COVID 19 pandemic in daily life.Current Medicine Research and Practice Curr Med Res Pract. 2020; 10(2): 78–79. doi: 10.1016/j.cmrp.2020.03.011
  • 17. Coelho-Ravagnani CF, Corgosinho FC, Sanches FFZ, Prado CMM, Laviano A, Mota JF. Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic.Nutr Rev. 2020; 0(0):1–14. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa067
  • 18. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395: 912-920. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • 19. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine. Eur J ClinNutr. 2020;74:850–851.doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0635-2.
  • 20. Short SE. Mollborn S. Social determinants and health behaviours: Conceptual frames and empirical advances. CurrOpin Psychol. 2015; 5: 78–84. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.05.002.
  • 21. Baron KG, Reid KJ, Kern AS, Zee PC. Role of sleep timing in caloric intake and BMI.Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:1374-1381.doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.100.
  • 22. Hernandez Emely, Kim M, Kim WG, Yoon J. Nutritional aspects of night eating and its association with weight status among Korean adolescents Nutr Res Pract. 2016; 10(e38).doi: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.448
  • 23. Flaskerud JH. Mood and Food.Issues Men Nurs.2015; 36:307–310. doi:10.3109/01612840.2014.962677.
  • 24. Connaughton RM, McMorrow AM, McGillicuddy FC, Lithander FE, Roche HM. Impact of anti-inflammatory nutrients on obesity-associated metabolic-inflammation from childhood through to adulthood. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2016; 75: 115–124.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665116000070.

Nutrition, Health Behaviour Changes, and Eating Behaviours of Adults During the COVID 19 Pandemic Period

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 639 - 645, 20.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.792397

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the health behaviours, food consumption, meal patterns and eating behaviours of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, which globally poses a major public health threat. Method: The research designed as descriptive and cross-sectional type was conducted on 330 voluntary adults aged 20 and over, between May and July 2020 (mean age: 33.1±11.5 years). Data were collected through an online survey method. The questionnaire included questions to identify the changes in participants' health behaviours, food consumption, meal patterns, and an eating disorder rating scale to evaluate their eating behaviours. SPSS 21.0 software was used for the evaluation of the data. Results: During the pandemic period, while smoking (p<.05), alcohol (p>.05) consumption, physical activity (p<.05) rates decreased; sleep duration and body mass indexes increased (p<.05). During the pandemic, the rate of those consuming one main meal a day increased, while the rate of those consuming three main meals decreased (p<.05). In addition, the rate of eating at night increased during the pandemic (p<.05). During the pandemic period, the adults’ consumption of cereals and sweets which are rich in carbohydrates, and their fat, tea, coffee consumptions increased, while their fish consumption decreased. The average global eating disorder rating scale score of adults during the pandemic period was 2.4±1.4, and it was determined that the risk of possible eating disorders was low. However, during the pandemic process, it was determined that they displayed negative behaviours such as consuming more food than usual, feeling losing control while eating, experiencing excessive eating attacks, and obsessive exercise. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was revealed that the pandemic process negatively affected the nutrition and health behaviours of individuals in general. It is thought that adults should be made aware of the effects of nutrition and lifestyle on sensitivity to COVID-19 and recovery.

Project Number

-

References

  • 1. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID 19. 2020. Available from: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr. Accessed: 10.05.2020.
  • 2. Childs CE, Calder PC, Miles EA. Diet and immune function. Nutrients2019;11(8):1933. doi: 10.3390/nu11081933
  • 3. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020; 10(2): 102-108. doi: 10.1016 / j.jpha.2020.03.001
  • 4. Butler MJ, Barrientos RM. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences.Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 53–54.doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.040
  • 5. Cohen J. Saving lives without new drugs. Science 2014; 346(6212):911. doi: 10.1126 / science.346.6212.911
  • 6. Bah EI, Lamah MC, Fletcher T, Jacob ST, Brett-Major DM, Sal AA, et al. Clinical presentation of patients with Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372:40–47.doi: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1411249.
  • 7. Laviano A, Koverech A, Zanetti M. Nutrition support in the time of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Nutrition 2020; 00, 110834.doi: 10.1016 / j.nut.2020.110834.
  • 8. Jacka FN. Nutritional Psychiatry: Where to Next? EBio Medicine 2017; 17:24–29. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.020
  • 9. Adan RAH, Beek der van EM, Buitelaar JK, Cryan JF, Hebebrand J, Higgs S et al. Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat. EurNeuropsychopharmacol. 2019; 29(12): 1321-1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011
  • 10. MacNeil L, Esposito-Smythers C, Mehlenbeck R, Weismoore J. The effects of avoidance coping and coping self-efficacy on eating disorder attitudes and behaviours: A stress-diathesis model. Eat Behav. 2012; 13(4): 293-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.06.005
  • 11. Roy D, Tripathy S, Kar KS, Sharma N, Verma SK, Kaushal V. Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic.Asian J Psychiatr. 2020; 51: 102083. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
  • 12. Yücel B. Polat A, Ikiz T, Pirim-Düşgör B, Yavuz AE, Sertel-Berk. The Turkish version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: Reliability and validity in adolescents. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2011; 19(6):509-511 doi: 10.1002/erv.1104
  • 13. World Health Organization. WHO BMI Classification. 2019. Available from: https://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.htm. Accessed: 10.05.2020.
  • 14. Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ Assessment of eating disorders: Interview or selfreport questionnaire? The Int J Eat Disord. 1994; 16: 363–70.https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363:::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-%23
  • 15. Lavender JM, De Young KP, Anderson DA. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): Norms for undergraduate men. Eat Behav. 2010; 11(2), 119-121. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.09.005.
  • 16. Haleem A, Javaid M, Vaishya R. Effects of COVID 19 pandemic in daily life.Current Medicine Research and Practice Curr Med Res Pract. 2020; 10(2): 78–79. doi: 10.1016/j.cmrp.2020.03.011
  • 17. Coelho-Ravagnani CF, Corgosinho FC, Sanches FFZ, Prado CMM, Laviano A, Mota JF. Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic.Nutr Rev. 2020; 0(0):1–14. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa067
  • 18. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395: 912-920. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • 19. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine. Eur J ClinNutr. 2020;74:850–851.doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0635-2.
  • 20. Short SE. Mollborn S. Social determinants and health behaviours: Conceptual frames and empirical advances. CurrOpin Psychol. 2015; 5: 78–84. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.05.002.
  • 21. Baron KG, Reid KJ, Kern AS, Zee PC. Role of sleep timing in caloric intake and BMI.Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:1374-1381.doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.100.
  • 22. Hernandez Emely, Kim M, Kim WG, Yoon J. Nutritional aspects of night eating and its association with weight status among Korean adolescents Nutr Res Pract. 2016; 10(e38).doi: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.448
  • 23. Flaskerud JH. Mood and Food.Issues Men Nurs.2015; 36:307–310. doi:10.3109/01612840.2014.962677.
  • 24. Connaughton RM, McMorrow AM, McGillicuddy FC, Lithander FE, Roche HM. Impact of anti-inflammatory nutrients on obesity-associated metabolic-inflammation from childhood through to adulthood. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2016; 75: 115–124.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665116000070.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Gülperi Demir 0000-0002-7362-3335

Project Number -
Publication Date December 20, 2020
Submission Date September 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Demir G. Nutrition, Health Behaviour Changes, and Eating Behaviours of Adults During the COVID 19 Pandemic Period. TJFMPC. 2020;14(4):639-45.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.