Investigation of the Relationship Between Social Media Addiction and Optimism / Pessimism in Adolescents

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 206 - 215, 20.03.2022

Jiyan Ürün Gonca Karayağız Muslu Gülay Manav

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1008130

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social media addiction and optimism/pessimism among adolescents. Using a descriptive design, the study was conducted with 231 high school students. A “Descriptive Data Form,” the “Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents” and the “Optimism-Pessimism Scale for Adolescents” were used as data collection tools. The students’ mean score on the Social Media Addiction Scale was calculated to be 15.29±2.42 and accordingly. Results: The results of the study showed that male students used social media more frequently and it was seen that the father’s education had an impact on the level of social media usage. It was found that the students’ attitudes of optimism varied depending upon their gender, class, income level, information-sharing on social media, and how much they used social media to pass the time. While a statistically significant, positive but weak correlation was seen between social media usage and optimism, the correlation with pessimism was statistically significant, negative, and weak.

Keywords

social media, optimism, pessimism, adolescent

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

The research received no external or grant funding. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by J.U., G.KM., and G.M. J.U., G.KM., and G.M. participated in conceiving the design of the study, collecting the data and the data analysis The first draft of the manuscript was written by J.U., and supervision was made by G.KM., and G.M. Aall authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest. The authors acknowledge the cooperation of the Turkish Ministry of Education, as well as the many principals, teachers, parents and students who participated in this study.

Ergenlerde Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bağımlılığı ile İyimserlik/Kötümserlik Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ergenler arasında sosyal medya kullanım bağımlılığı ile iyimserlik/kötümserlik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma 231 lise öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu”, “Ergenlerde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği” ve “Ergenlerde İyimserlik Kötümserlik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeğindeki ortalama puanı 15.29±2.42 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçları erkek öğrencilerin sosyal medyayı daha sık kullandığını göstermiş ve babanın eğitiminin sosyal medya kullanım düzeyi üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin iyimserlik tutumlarının cinsiyetlerine, sınıflarına, gelir düzeylerine, sosyal medyada bilgi paylaşımına ve sosyal medyayı zaman geçirmek için ne kadar kullandıklarına bağlı olarak değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal medya kullanımı ile iyimserlik arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, pozitif fakat zayıf bir korelasyon görülürken, kötümserlikle korelasyon istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, negatif ve zayıf bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Ergen, sosyal medya, iyimserlik, kötümserlik, ergen

Project Number

yok

References

• 1. Shafi R, Nakonezny P. A, Romanowicz M, Nandakumar A.L, Suarez L, Croarkin P.E. The Differential impact of social media use on middle and high school students: A retrospective study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2019;29(10):746–752. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0071
• 2. Marino C, Gini G, Angelini F, Vieno A, Spada M.M. Social norms and e-motions in problematic social media use among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors Reports 2020;11:100250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100250
• 3. Griffiths M.D, Kuss D. Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health 2017;35(3): 49–52.
• 4. Kota A.S, Ejaz S. Precocious puberty. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544313/ Accesed 30 December 2020
• 5. Bilgin M, Şahin İ, Togay A. Social Media Addiction in Adolescents and Parent-Adolescent Relationship. Education and Science 2020;45(202):263-281. doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.8202
• 6. Katsumata Y, Matsumoto T, Kitani M, Takeshima T. Electronic media use and suicidal ideation in Japanese adolescents. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2008;62 (6):744-746. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01880.x
• 7. Wartberg L, Kriston L, Thomasius R. Internet gaming disorder and problematic social media use in a representative sample of german adolescents: prevalence estimates, comorbid depressive symptoms and related psychosocial aspects. Computer Human Behavior 2020;103:31-36. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.014
• 8. Yabar A.J, Carbone A.S, Tito K, DelCastillo J.R, Alcantara A.T, Denegri D, Carreazo Y. Association between social media use (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook) and depressive symptoms: Are Twitter users at higher risk? International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2019;65(1):14-19. doi: 10.1177/0020764018814270.
• 9. Bekalu M.A, McCloud R.F, Viswanath K. Association of social media use with social well-being, positive mental health, and self-rated health: disentangling routine use from emotional connection to use. Health Education & Behavior 2019;46(2S):69-80. doi: 10.1177/1090198119863768
• 10. McCauley Ohannessian C, Vannucci A. Social media use and externalizing behaviors during early adolescence. Youth & Society 2020;00(0):1-23. doi: 10.1177/0044118X20901737
• 11. Chou H.T, Edge N. "They are happier and having better lives than I am": the impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others' lives. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking 2012;15(2):117–121. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0324
• 12. Bevan J.L, Gomez R, Sparks L. Disclosures about important life events on Facebook: relationships with stress and quality of life. Computers in Human Behavior 2014;39:246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.021
• 13. Tandoc E.C, Jr, Ferrucci P, Duffy M. Facebook use, envy, and depression among college students: Is Facebooking depressing? Computers in Human Behavior 2015;43:139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.053
• 14. Meier E.P, Gray J. Facebook photo activity associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking 2014;17(4):199–206. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0305
• 15. Anzaldi K, Shifren K. Optimism, pessimism, coping, and depression: A study on individuals with parkinson’s disease. The International Journal of Agingand Human Development 2018;88(3):231-249. doi.org/10.1177/0091415018763401
• 16. Khalek A.A, Lester D. Optimism and pessimism in Kuwaiti and American college students. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2016;52(2):110-126. doi: 10.1177/0020764006062092
• 17. Balck F, Lippmann M, Jeszenszky C, Günther K.P, Kirschner S. The influence of optimism on functionality after total hip replacement surgery. Journal of Health Psychology 2016;21(8):1758-1767. doi: 10.1177/1359105314566256
• 18. Çalışkan H, Uzunkol E. Developing an Optimism-Pessimism Scale in adolescents: Validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being 2018;6(2):78-95.
• 19. Cohen L, de Moor C, Amato R.J. The association between treatment-specific optimism and depressive symptomatology in patients enrolled in a Phase I cancer clinical trial. Cancer 2001;91(10):1949–1955. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20010515)91:10<1949:aid-cncr1218>3.0.co;2-a
• 20. Rudwan S.J. Depression and pessimism: A comparative correlation study. Journal of Education Psychology 2001;2(1):13-48.doi: 10.12785/JEPS/020101
• 21. Doğan U, Karakuş Y. Multi-Dimensional Loneliness as the Predictor of High School Students' Social Network Sites (SNS) Use. Sakarya University Journal of Education 2015;6(1):57-71. doi.org/10.19126/suje.40198
• 22. Taş İ. The Study Of Validity And Reliability Of The Social Media Addiction Scale Short Form For Adolescents. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying 2017;4(1):27-40.
• 23. McInytre E, Wiener K, Saliba A.J. Compulsive internet use and relations between social connectedness and introversion. Computers in Human Behavior 2015;48(c):569-574. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.021
• 24. Pantic I, Damjanovic A, Todorovic J, Topalovic D, Bojovic-Jovic D, Ristic S, Pantic S. Association between online social networking and depression in high school students: behavioral physiology viewpoint. Psychiatria Danubina 2012;24(1):90-93. PMID: 22447092
• 25. Wu Pi-Chu. Addictive behavior in relation to the happy farm Facebook application. Social Behavior and Personality 2013;41(4):539-554. doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.4.539
• 26. Çalışır G. Socıal Media As a Means Used in Interpersonal Communication: A Research Oriented Onto the Students of Gümüşhane Universıty Faculty of Communication. Humanities Sciences 2015;10(3): 115-144. doi:10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.3.4C0197
• 27. Doğan U, İlçin Tosun N. Medıatıng Effect of Problematıc Smartphone Use on The Relatıonshıp Between Socıal Anxıety and Socıal Network Usage of Hıgh School Students. Adiyaman Unıversity Journal of Social Sciences 2016;22:99-128. doi: 10.14520/adyusbd.66762
• 28. de Vries D.A, Peter J, de Graaf H, Nikken P. Adolescents' social network site use, peer appearance-related feedback, and body dissatisfaction: Testing a Mediation Model. Journal of youth and adolescence 2016;45(1):211–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0266-4
• 29. Andreassen C.S. Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports 2015;2:175-184. doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9
• 30. Pempek T.A, Yermolayeva Y.A. Calvert S.L. College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology2009;30:227–238. doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010
• 31. Shaw M, Black D.W. Internet addiction: definition, assessment, epidemiology and clinical management. CNS Drugs 2008;22(5):353-365. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001
• 32. Orejudo S, Puyuelo M, Fernández-Turrado T, Ramos T. Optimism in adolescence: A cross-sectional study of the influence of family and peer group variables on junior high school students. Personality and Individual Differences 2012;52:812-817. doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.012
• 33. Valkenburg P.M, Peter J, Schouten A.P. Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior 2006;9(5):584–590. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584
• 34. Yüksel Şahi̇n F, Öztoprak Ö. Study of the Social Mediaof Addiction Levels of Perceived Self-esteem. IBAD Journal of Social Sciences 2019;Special Issue:363-377. doi: 10.21733/ibad.613902
• 35. Savci M, Aysan F. Technological addictions and social connectedness: predictor effect of internet addiction, social media addiction, digital game addiction and smartphone addiction on social connectedness. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2017;30:202-216. https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2017300304
• 36. Bilgin M. The Relationship Between Social Media Dependence and Psychological Disorders in Adolescents. The Journal of International Scientific Researches 2018;3(3):237-247. doi: 10.23834/isrjournal.452045