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COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE ANNE–BABA STRESİNİN 2-4 YAŞ ÇOCUKLARIN YAŞAM KALİTESİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 475 - 484, 26.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1051193

Abstract

Giriş: Çalışmanın amacı; COVID-19 salgını sürecinde 2-4 yaş çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin algılanan stres, çocuk yaşam kalitesi ile çocuklarda gözlemlenen ruhsal davranışlar ve sosyodemografik özellikler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki çalışmada, olasılıksız örneklem seçimi yapılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; tanımlayıcı veri kayıt formu, algılanan stres ölçeği (ASÖ), çocuklar için yaşam kalitesi ölçeği (ÇİYKO) kullanılmıştır. ÇİYKO; fiziksel sağlık toplam puanı (FSTP), psikososyal sağlık toplam puanı (PSTP), çocuklar için yaşam kalitesi ölçeği toplam puanı (ÇİYKOTP) alt boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Veriler Google Form aracılığıyla online anket ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 458 ebeveyn katılmış olup, %86,5’i anne, yaş ortalaması 31.73±5.15 ve %64,2’si üniversite ve üstü eğitime sahiptir. Çocukların %37,6’sı 4 yaşında ve %53,9’u kız’dır. Üniversite mezunu babaların çocuklarına göre, lise ve altı eğitim durumuna sahip babaların çocuklarında PSTP ve ÇİYKOTP ortalaması anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışan ebeveynin çocuklarında, çalışmayan ebeveynlerin çocuklarına göre PSTP ortalaması anlamlı olarak yüksektir (p<0.05). Çok değişkenli analizde; algılanan stres puanını öngörmede anlamlı olan değişkenler; ailesine bulaş kaygısının olması (β: -0,258, p<0,001), sinirlilik (β: 0,124, p<0,01), ebeveynin anne olması (β: -0,094, p=0,032), çocuğu yanındayken sosyal medya ya da TV haberleri karşısındaki tepkilerini kontrol etme (β: -0,100, p=0,021)’dir. FSTP puanını öngörmede anlamlı olan değişkenler; korkulu rüya/kabus (β: -0,099, p=0,037), çocuğu yanındayken sosyal medya ya da TV haberleri karşısındaki tepkilerini kontrol etme (β: 0,121, p=0,009)’dir. PSTP puanını öngörmede anlamlı olan değişkenler; babanın eğitimi (β: -0,142, p=0,001), sinirlilik (β: -0,093, p=0,046), uyku bozukluğu (β: -0,119, p=0,01), korkulu rüya/kabus (β: -0,131, p=0,003), kıskançlık (β: -0, 110, p=0,026), anti sosyal davranış (β: -0,162, p<0,001), sık el yıkama (β: -0, 146, p=0,001)’dir. ÇİYKOTP puanını öngörmede anlamlı olan değişkenler; babanın eğitimi (β: -0,133, p=0,002), yeme değişikliği (β: -0,104, p=0,030), korkulu rüya/kabus (β: -0,121, p=0,007), kıskançlık (β: -0, 117, p=0,019), anti sosyal davranış (β: -0,122, p=0,008), sık el yıkama (β: -0, 139, p=0,002), çocuğu yanındayken sosyal medya ya da TV haberleri karşısındaki tepkilerini kontrol etme (β: 2,116, p=0,035)’dir. Sonuç: Pandemi sürecinde ebeveynlerin yaşadıkları stres çocukların yaşam kalitesini etkilemektedir.

References

  • 1. Araújo LA, Veloso CF, Souza MC, Azevedo JMC, Tarro G. The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child growth and development: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2021 Jul-Aug;97(4):369-377.
  • 2. Ravens-Sieberer U, Kaman A, Erhart M, Devine J, Schlack R, Otto C. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 25:1–11. doi: 10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5.
  • 3. Uneri OS, Agaoglu B, Coskun A, Memik NC. Validity and reliability of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for 2- to 4-year-old and 5- to 7-year-old Turkish children. Qual Life Res. 2008 Mar;17(2):307-15. doi: 10.1007/s11136-007-9303-4.
  • 4. Raviv T, Warren CM, Washburn JJ, Kanaley MK, Eihentale L, Goldenthal HJ, Russo J, Martin CP, Lombard LS, Tully J, Fox K, Gupta R. Caregiver Perceptions of Children's Psychological Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2021. 1;4(4):e2111103. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11103
  • 5. Panda PK, Gupta J, Chowdhury SR, Kumar R, Meena AK, Madaan P, Sharawat IK, Gulati S. Psychological and Behavioral Impact of Lockdown and Quarantine Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic on Children, Adolescents and Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Trop Pediatr. 2021 Jan 29;67(1):fmaa122. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa122
  • 6. İlbasmış Ç, Toksoy Aksoy A, Cihanyurdu İ, Ünver H, Rodopman Arman A. COVID-19 Salgınının Çocukların Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:1-3. doi: 10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2020.92400
  • 7. Cohodes EM, McCauley S, Gee DG. Parental Buffering of Stress in the Time of COVID-19: Family-Level Factors May Moderate the Association Between Pandemic-Related Stress and Youth Symptomatology. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2021 Jul;49(7):935-948. doi: 10.1007/s10802-020-00732-6.
  • 8. Brown SM, Doom JR, Lechuga-Peña S, Watamura SE, Koppels T. Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Dec;110(Pt 2):104699. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32859394
  • 9. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A Global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:385-396.
  • 10. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. The adaptation of the perceived stress scale into Turkish: a reliability and validity analysis. Yeni Symp J. 2013;51(3):132-140.
  • 11. Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. The Peds QLTM4.0: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Medical Care 2001, 39:800-812.
  • 12. Yalçın H, Dai H, Erkoç E. Ebeveynlerin Virüs Salgınına İlişkin Duygu Durumları Ve Çocuklara Etkileri, Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020; 7(9);128-14:
  • 13. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, Ho RC. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 6;17(5):1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729. PMID: 32155789
  • 14. Adams EL, Smith D, Caccavale LJ, Bean MK. Parents Are Stressed! Patterns of Parent Stress Across COVID-19. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 8;12:626456. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626456.
  • 15. Moscardino U, Dicataldo R, Roch M, Carbone M, Mammarella IC. Parental stress during COVID-19: A brief report on the role of distance education and family resources in an Italian sample. Curr Psychol. 2021;40(11):5749-5752. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01454-8.
  • 16. Rothe, J., Buse, J., Uhlmann, A. et al. Changes in emotions and worries during the Covid-19 pandemic: an online-survey with children and adults with and without mental health conditions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 15, 11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00363-9
  • 17. Pearlman M.Y, Schwalbe K.D, CloitreM. Grief in childhood: Fundamentals of treatment in clinical practice. American Psychological Association.2010 https://doi.org/10.1037/12131-000. Erişim Tarihi: 20.10.2021
  • 18. Boelen PA, Spuij, M. Symptoms of post-traumatic stres disorder in bereaved children anda dolescents: Factor structure and correlates. Journal Of Abnormal Child Psychology 2013, 41(7), 1097-1108.
  • 19. Çaykuş E.T, Çaykuş, T. Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde çocukların psikolojik dayanıklılığını güçlendirme yolları: ailelere, öğretmenlere ve ruh sağlığı uzmanlarına öneriler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020; 7(5):95-113.
  • 20. Xiang M, Zhang Z, Kuwahara K. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020; 63(4):531-532. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013.

THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STRESS ON THE LIFE OF CHILDREN AGED 2-4 DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 475 - 484, 26.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1051193

Abstract

Introduction:This study aims to determine the relationship between the perceived stress levels of parents having children aged 2-4 years with the quality of life of their children, sociodemographic characteristics, and psychological behaviors observed in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method:In the cross-sectional study, 458 parents were enrolled using nonprobability sampling. As data collection tools; descriptive data recording form, perceived stress scale (PSS), and the Quality of Life Scale for Children (QoL-C) were used. QoL-C consists of subdimensions, physical health total score (PHTS), psychosocial health total score (PsychoTS) and the Quality of Life Scale for Children total score (QoL-CTS). Data were collected by online survey via Google Form. Results: The mean age of the parents was 31.73±5.15 years, 86.5% of the parents participating in the study were mothers, a total of 64.2% had higher education. 37.6% of the children were 4 years old and 53.9% were girls. PsychoTS and QoL-CTS were found to be significantly higher in children whose fathers had a high school education or less. In addition, the mean PHTS in children of working parents was significantly higher(p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, variables that were significant in predicting the perceived stress score were having anxiety about contagion to the family(β: -0,258, p<0,001), irritability(β: 0,124, p<0,01), parent being a mother(β: -0,094, p=0,032), and controlling their reaction to the news on social media or TV when their children were with them (β: -0,100, p=0,021). In addition, significant variables in predicting PHTS were having anxiety dream/nightmare (β: -0,099, p=0,037), and controlling their reaction to the news on social media or TV when their children were around (β: 0,121, p=0,009). Variables that were significant in predicting PsychoTS were father's education (β: -0,142, p=0,001), irritability(β: -0,093, p=0,046), sleep disorder (β: -0,119, p=0,01), anxiety dream/nightmare (β: -0,131, p=0,003), jealousy (β: -0, 110, p=0,026), anti social behavior (β: -0,162, p<0,001), and frequent hand washing (β: -0, 146, p=0,001). Variables that were significant in predicting the QoL-CTS score were father's education (β: -0,133, p=0,002), change in eating habits (β: -0,104, p=0,030), dream/nightmare(β: -0,121, p=0,007), jealousy (β: -0, 117, p=0,019), anti social behavior (β: -0,122, p=0,008), frequent hand washing (β: -0, 139, p=0,002), and controlling their reaction to the news on social media or TV when their children were around(β: 2,116, p=0,035). Conclusions: The stress experienced by parents during the pandemic affects the quality of life of children.

References

  • 1. Araújo LA, Veloso CF, Souza MC, Azevedo JMC, Tarro G. The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child growth and development: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2021 Jul-Aug;97(4):369-377.
  • 2. Ravens-Sieberer U, Kaman A, Erhart M, Devine J, Schlack R, Otto C. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 25:1–11. doi: 10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5.
  • 3. Uneri OS, Agaoglu B, Coskun A, Memik NC. Validity and reliability of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for 2- to 4-year-old and 5- to 7-year-old Turkish children. Qual Life Res. 2008 Mar;17(2):307-15. doi: 10.1007/s11136-007-9303-4.
  • 4. Raviv T, Warren CM, Washburn JJ, Kanaley MK, Eihentale L, Goldenthal HJ, Russo J, Martin CP, Lombard LS, Tully J, Fox K, Gupta R. Caregiver Perceptions of Children's Psychological Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2021. 1;4(4):e2111103. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11103
  • 5. Panda PK, Gupta J, Chowdhury SR, Kumar R, Meena AK, Madaan P, Sharawat IK, Gulati S. Psychological and Behavioral Impact of Lockdown and Quarantine Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic on Children, Adolescents and Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Trop Pediatr. 2021 Jan 29;67(1):fmaa122. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa122
  • 6. İlbasmış Ç, Toksoy Aksoy A, Cihanyurdu İ, Ünver H, Rodopman Arman A. COVID-19 Salgınının Çocukların Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:1-3. doi: 10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2020.92400
  • 7. Cohodes EM, McCauley S, Gee DG. Parental Buffering of Stress in the Time of COVID-19: Family-Level Factors May Moderate the Association Between Pandemic-Related Stress and Youth Symptomatology. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2021 Jul;49(7):935-948. doi: 10.1007/s10802-020-00732-6.
  • 8. Brown SM, Doom JR, Lechuga-Peña S, Watamura SE, Koppels T. Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Dec;110(Pt 2):104699. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32859394
  • 9. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A Global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:385-396.
  • 10. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. The adaptation of the perceived stress scale into Turkish: a reliability and validity analysis. Yeni Symp J. 2013;51(3):132-140.
  • 11. Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. The Peds QLTM4.0: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Medical Care 2001, 39:800-812.
  • 12. Yalçın H, Dai H, Erkoç E. Ebeveynlerin Virüs Salgınına İlişkin Duygu Durumları Ve Çocuklara Etkileri, Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020; 7(9);128-14:
  • 13. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, Ho RC. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 6;17(5):1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729. PMID: 32155789
  • 14. Adams EL, Smith D, Caccavale LJ, Bean MK. Parents Are Stressed! Patterns of Parent Stress Across COVID-19. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 8;12:626456. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626456.
  • 15. Moscardino U, Dicataldo R, Roch M, Carbone M, Mammarella IC. Parental stress during COVID-19: A brief report on the role of distance education and family resources in an Italian sample. Curr Psychol. 2021;40(11):5749-5752. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01454-8.
  • 16. Rothe, J., Buse, J., Uhlmann, A. et al. Changes in emotions and worries during the Covid-19 pandemic: an online-survey with children and adults with and without mental health conditions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 15, 11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00363-9
  • 17. Pearlman M.Y, Schwalbe K.D, CloitreM. Grief in childhood: Fundamentals of treatment in clinical practice. American Psychological Association.2010 https://doi.org/10.1037/12131-000. Erişim Tarihi: 20.10.2021
  • 18. Boelen PA, Spuij, M. Symptoms of post-traumatic stres disorder in bereaved children anda dolescents: Factor structure and correlates. Journal Of Abnormal Child Psychology 2013, 41(7), 1097-1108.
  • 19. Çaykuş E.T, Çaykuş, T. Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde çocukların psikolojik dayanıklılığını güçlendirme yolları: ailelere, öğretmenlere ve ruh sağlığı uzmanlarına öneriler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020; 7(5):95-113.
  • 20. Xiang M, Zhang Z, Kuwahara K. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020; 63(4):531-532. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Selda Yörük 0000-0003-3840-1996

Fatma Ersin 0000-0001-7851-8625

Publication Date September 26, 2022
Submission Date December 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Yörük S, Ersin F. COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE ANNE–BABA STRESİNİN 2-4 YAŞ ÇOCUKLARIN YAŞAM KALİTESİNE ETKİSİ. TJFMPC. 2022;16(3):475-84.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.