Artan Sezaryen Doğum Oranının Anne-Bebek Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri ve Sezaryen Doğumların Azaltılmasına Yönelik Stratejiler

Fatma Nur Duman; Zehra Gölbaşı

doi:10.21763/tjfmpc.1188235

Review

Artan Sezaryen Doğum Oranının Anne-Bebek Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri ve Sezaryen Doğumların Azaltılmasına Yönelik Stratejiler

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 188 - 194, 31.03.2023

Fatma Nur Duman , Zehra Gölbaşı

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1188235

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Sezaryen doğumların sıklığı dünyada ve Türkiye’de kabul edilebilir rakamların oldukça üzerindedir ve bu oran giderek artmaktadır. Doğum eylemine bir müdahale yöntemi olan sezaryen, uygun kullanıldığında anne sağlığını ve fetal sağlığı koruyan ve yaşam kurtaran bir uygulama olmasına karşın bazı riskleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Sezaryen ile doğum, kısa vadede annede iyileşme güçlüğü, enfeksiyon, ağrı, emzirme sorunları ve anne-bebek ilişkisinde gecikme ya da bozulma, fetüste ise anestezi sonucu gelişen fetal hipoksi, fetal distres, geçici takipne ve santral sinir sistemi yaralanmaları gibi pek çok sorun doğurabilir. Diğer taraftan sezaryen operasyonu sağlık bakım maliyetlerini de artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda sezaryen oranlarının düşürülmesi ve vajinal doğumun teşvik edilmesine yönelik çabalar artmıştır. Bu makalede sezaryen doğum oranlarındaki artışın nedenleri ve sezaryen doğum uygulamasının anne-bebek sağlığı üzerindeki kısa ve uzun dönemli etkilerine yönelik bir değerlendirme yapılarak, sezaryen oranlarını azaltmaya yönelik güncel stratejilerin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Doğum şekli, sezaryen, kadın sağlığı.

Supporting Institution

Bulunmamaktadır.

Project Number

Bulunmamaktadır.

References

1. Şahin M, Erbil N. Doğum ve Medikalizasyon. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies 2019;2(2),120-130.
2. Khasawneh W, Obeidat N, Yusef D, Alsulaiman JW. The impact of cesarean section on neonatal outcomes at a universitybased tertiary hospital in Jordan. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2020;20(1),1-9.
3. Antoine C, Young BK. Cesarean section one hundred years 1920–2020: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2021;49(1), 5-16.
4. Sung S, Mahdy H. Cesarean Section. In: StatPearls, editör. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. p.6-12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546707/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
5. Temmerman M, Mohiddin A. Cesarean section: More than a maternal health issue. PLoS Medicine 2021;18(10), 100-2.
6. Betran AP, Ye J, Moller A, Zhang J, Gulmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014. PLOS ONE 2016;11(2), 14-83.
7. World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). WHO recommendations non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6933434/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
8. World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Maternal, Newborn, Chıld And Adolescent Health And Ageing Data Portal. https://platform.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing/indicator-explorer-new/mca/births-by-caesarean-section-(-) Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
9. Boerma T, Ronsmans C, Melesse DY, Barros AJ, Barros FC, Juan L, Moller AB, Say L, Hosseinpoor AR, Yi M, Neto DLR, Temmerman M. Global epidemiology of use of and disparities in caesarean sections. The Lancet 2018;392(10155), 1341-1348.
10. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Health at a Glance 2017. https://www.oecd.org/health/health-at-a-glance/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
11. World Health Organization (WHO). (2015). WHO Statement on Caeserean Rates 2015 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/161442/11/WHO_RHR_tur.pdf Son Erişim tarihi: 09.10.2022.
12. Türkiye Nüfus Ve Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA). (2018). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye; 143-146. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
13. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü (2019). Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı, Ankara.
14. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG); Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Obstetric care consensus no. 1: safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2016;123(1),693–711.
15. Visser GHA, Ayres-de-Campos D, Barnea ER, de Bernis L, Di Renzo GC, Vidarte MFE. FIGO position paper: how to stop the caesarean section epidemic. Lancet. 2018;392(1),1286e7.
16. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). (2018). C-Sections: How to stop the epidemic. https://www.figo.org/c-sections-how-stop-epidemic. Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022
17. Kingdon C, Downe S, Betran AP. Non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean section targeted at organisations, facilities and systems: Systematic review of qualitative studies. PLoS ONE 2018;13(9):e0203274.
18. Burcher P. The Changing Ethical Landscape of Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request. In Difficult Decisions in Surgical Ethics. Springer, Cham 2022;10(2),333-344.
19. Dahlquist K, Stuart A, Källén K. Planned cesarean section vs planned vaginal delivery among women without formal medical indication for planned cesarean section: A retrospective cohort study of maternal short‐term complications. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2022;101(9),1026-1032.
20. Dhakal-Rai S, van Teijlingen E, Regmi PR, Wood J, Dangal G, Dhakal KB. Caesarean Section for Non-medical Reasons: A Rising Public Health Issue. J Karnali Acad Health Sci 2021;4(2),54-9.
21. Shapna KA, Asaduzzaman M, Muzammel CS, Al Mamun A, Bhuiyan D. Non-medical Factors Affecting the Decision of Caesarean: A Study through Path Analysis 2021;2(3),43.
22. Ryding EL, Lukasse M, Parys AS, Wangel AM, Karro H, Kristjansdottir H, et al. Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries. Birth 2015;42(1),48-55.
23. Öner S, Koçaş F. Mersin’de 18-49 yaş arası bir grup kadında sezaryen sıklığı ve etkileyen faktörler. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2016;15(5),52.
24. Çuvalci M, Tüfekçi FG. Annelerin Sezaryen Doğumun Anne Ve Çocuk Sağlığına Etkileri İle İlgili Bilgi ve Görüşleri. Yobü Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2021;2(2), 49-57.
25. Halimoğlu B, Çalık KY. Sezaryen doğum oranlarında “kıymetli bebek” etkisi. Cukurova Medical Journal 2020;45(4),1543-1554.
26. Kırılmaz H, Ulusinan E. Tıp Etiği Çerçevesinde Sezaryen Caesarian in the Framework of Medical Ethics. Türkiye Biyoetik Dergisi 2021;8(2),114-125.
27. Güler ES, Yanıkkerem E. Kadınların doğum yöntemleri ve sezaryen sonrası vajinal doğum hakkında düşünceleri. STED 2018;27(1):27-36.
28. Karabulutlu Ö. Kadınların doğum şekli tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2012;20(3), 210-218.
29. Hou Y, Zhou X, Yao M, Liu S. Fear of childbirth and its predictors in re-pregnant women after cesarean section: a cross-sectional multicenter study in China. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022;22(1),1-8.
30. Ansari A, Irum S. An Association of Fear of Childbirth with the Preference for Cesarean Section; A Cross Sectional Study. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 2022;72(2),535-38.
31. Junge C, von Soest T, Seidler A, Eberhard‐Gran M, Garthus‐Niegel S. Severe recalled labor pain and elective cesarean section in a subsequent delivery: a cohort study of Norwegian parous women. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2021;100(9),1678-1687.
32. Liang H, Fan Y, Zhang N, Chongsuvivatwong V, Wang Q, Gong J et al. Women’s cesarean section preferences and influencing factors in relation to China’s two-child policy: a cross-sectional study. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2018;12(1),2093-2101.
33. Sandall J, Tribe RM, Avery L, Mola G, Ha Visser G, Se Homer C et al. Short-term and long-term effects of caesarean section on the health of women and children. The Lancet 2018;392(1),1349-57.
34. Liu X, Landon MB, Cheng W, Chen Y. Cesarean delivery on maternal request in China: what are the risks and benefits? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;212(1),817-9.
35. Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ. Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2018;15(1):e1002494.
36. Chen H, Tan D. Cesarean section or natural childbirth? cesarean birth may damage your health. Frontiers in psychology 2019;10(1),351.
37. Sobhy S, Arroyo-Manzano D, Murugesu N, Karthikeyan G, Kumar V, Kaur I, Thangaratinam S. Maternal and perinatal mortality and complications associated with caesarean section in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet 2019;393(10184),1973-1982.
38. Gedefaw G, Goedert MH, Abebe E, Demis A. Effect of cesarean section on initiation of breast feeding: Findings from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. PloS one 2020;15(12), e0244229.
39. Demirgöz Bal M, Dereli Yılmaz S, Kızılkaya Beji N. Kadınların sezaryen doğum tercihleri. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi 2013; 21(2),139-146.
40. Demirtaş GS. Sezaryen Doğum Sekeli; İstmosel. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2022; 23(1), 119-12.
41. Costa-Ramón AM, Rodríguez-González A, Serra-Burriel M, Campillo-Artero C. It's about time: Cesarean sections and neonatal health. Journal of health economics 2018;1(1),59.
42. Mariani GL, Vain NE. The rising incidence and impact of non-medically indicated pre-labour cesarean section in Latin America. In Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2019;24(1),11-17.
43. Shokry E, Marchioro L, Uhl O, Bermúdez MG, García-Santos JA, Segura M, Koletzko B. Investigation of the impact of birth by cesarean section on fetal and maternal metabolism. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2019;300(3),589-600.
44. Pires-Menard A, Flatley C, Kumar S. Severe neonatal outcomes associated with emergency cesarean section at term. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2021;34(4),629-633.
45. Kupari M, Talola N, Luukkaala T, Tihtonen K. Does an increased cesarean section rate improve neonatal outcome in term pregnancies? Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2016;294(1),41-6.
46. Walker R, Turnbull D, Wilkinson C. Strategies to address global cesarean section rates: a review of the evidence. Birth 2002; 29(1), 28-39.
47. Filiz M. Türkiye’de Sezaryen Ameliyatlarına Yönelik Politikaların Analizi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020;6(1),74-83.
48. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Yönergesi (2010). http://www.saglik.gov.tr/ TR/belge/1-11554/saglikta-performans-ve-kalite yonergesi.html. Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
49. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Gebe Okulu, Gebe Bilgilendirme Sınıfı, Doğuma Hazırlık ve Danışmanlık Merkezleri Hakkında Genelge (2020). https://sbm.saglik.gov.tr/TR,49222/gebe-okulu-gebebilgilendirme-sinifi--doguma-hazirlik-ve-danismanlik-merkezlerihakkinda-genelge.html Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
50. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Doğum ve Sezaryen Eylemi Yönetim Rehberi (2010). https://kalite.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/6407/0/dogum-ve-sezaryen-eylemi-yonetim-rehberipdf.pdf Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
51. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı İstanbul İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü (2017). http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/anasayfalinkler/belge/ekutuphane/kadin_hastaliklari_ve_dogum_bransi_komisyo n_calismalari.pdf. Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.

The Effects of Increasing Cesarean Birth Rate on Mother-Infant Health and Strategies for Reducing Cesarean Births

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 188 - 194, 31.03.2023

Fatma Nur Duman , Zehra Gölbaşı

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1188235

Cited By: 5

Abstract

The frequency of cesarean deliveries is well above the acceptable figures in the world and in Türkiye, and this rate is gradually increasing. Although cesarean section, which is an intervention method in labor, is a life-saving practice that protects pregnant women and fetal health when used appropriately, it also brings some risks. Cesarean delivery may cause many problems such as difficulty in recovery of the mother, infection, pain, breastfeeding problems and delay or deterioration in the mother-baby relationship in the short term, and fetal hypoxia, fetal depression, temporary tachypnea and central nervous system injuries in the fetus due to anesthesia. On the other hand, cesarean section increases health care costs. For this reason, efforts have increased in recent years to reduce cesarean rates and encourage vaginal delivery. This article aimed to discuss the current strategies to reduce cesarean rates by making an evaluation of the reasons for the increase in cesarean delivery rates and the short and long-term effects of cesarean delivery on mother-baby health.

Keywords

Mode of delivery, cesarean section, women

Project Number

Bulunmamaktadır.

References

1. Şahin M, Erbil N. Doğum ve Medikalizasyon. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies 2019;2(2),120-130.
2. Khasawneh W, Obeidat N, Yusef D, Alsulaiman JW. The impact of cesarean section on neonatal outcomes at a universitybased tertiary hospital in Jordan. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2020;20(1),1-9.
3. Antoine C, Young BK. Cesarean section one hundred years 1920–2020: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2021;49(1), 5-16.
4. Sung S, Mahdy H. Cesarean Section. In: StatPearls, editör. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. p.6-12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546707/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
5. Temmerman M, Mohiddin A. Cesarean section: More than a maternal health issue. PLoS Medicine 2021;18(10), 100-2.
6. Betran AP, Ye J, Moller A, Zhang J, Gulmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014. PLOS ONE 2016;11(2), 14-83.
7. World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). WHO recommendations non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6933434/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
8. World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Maternal, Newborn, Chıld And Adolescent Health And Ageing Data Portal. https://platform.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing/indicator-explorer-new/mca/births-by-caesarean-section-(-) Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
9. Boerma T, Ronsmans C, Melesse DY, Barros AJ, Barros FC, Juan L, Moller AB, Say L, Hosseinpoor AR, Yi M, Neto DLR, Temmerman M. Global epidemiology of use of and disparities in caesarean sections. The Lancet 2018;392(10155), 1341-1348.
10. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Health at a Glance 2017. https://www.oecd.org/health/health-at-a-glance/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
11. World Health Organization (WHO). (2015). WHO Statement on Caeserean Rates 2015 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/161442/11/WHO_RHR_tur.pdf Son Erişim tarihi: 09.10.2022.
12. Türkiye Nüfus Ve Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA). (2018). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye; 143-146. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
13. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü (2019). Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı, Ankara.
14. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG); Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Obstetric care consensus no. 1: safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2016;123(1),693–711.
15. Visser GHA, Ayres-de-Campos D, Barnea ER, de Bernis L, Di Renzo GC, Vidarte MFE. FIGO position paper: how to stop the caesarean section epidemic. Lancet. 2018;392(1),1286e7.
16. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). (2018). C-Sections: How to stop the epidemic. https://www.figo.org/c-sections-how-stop-epidemic. Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022
17. Kingdon C, Downe S, Betran AP. Non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean section targeted at organisations, facilities and systems: Systematic review of qualitative studies. PLoS ONE 2018;13(9):e0203274.
18. Burcher P. The Changing Ethical Landscape of Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request. In Difficult Decisions in Surgical Ethics. Springer, Cham 2022;10(2),333-344.
19. Dahlquist K, Stuart A, Källén K. Planned cesarean section vs planned vaginal delivery among women without formal medical indication for planned cesarean section: A retrospective cohort study of maternal short‐term complications. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2022;101(9),1026-1032.
20. Dhakal-Rai S, van Teijlingen E, Regmi PR, Wood J, Dangal G, Dhakal KB. Caesarean Section for Non-medical Reasons: A Rising Public Health Issue. J Karnali Acad Health Sci 2021;4(2),54-9.
21. Shapna KA, Asaduzzaman M, Muzammel CS, Al Mamun A, Bhuiyan D. Non-medical Factors Affecting the Decision of Caesarean: A Study through Path Analysis 2021;2(3),43.
22. Ryding EL, Lukasse M, Parys AS, Wangel AM, Karro H, Kristjansdottir H, et al. Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries. Birth 2015;42(1),48-55.
23. Öner S, Koçaş F. Mersin’de 18-49 yaş arası bir grup kadında sezaryen sıklığı ve etkileyen faktörler. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2016;15(5),52.
24. Çuvalci M, Tüfekçi FG. Annelerin Sezaryen Doğumun Anne Ve Çocuk Sağlığına Etkileri İle İlgili Bilgi ve Görüşleri. Yobü Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2021;2(2), 49-57.
25. Halimoğlu B, Çalık KY. Sezaryen doğum oranlarında “kıymetli bebek” etkisi. Cukurova Medical Journal 2020;45(4),1543-1554.
26. Kırılmaz H, Ulusinan E. Tıp Etiği Çerçevesinde Sezaryen Caesarian in the Framework of Medical Ethics. Türkiye Biyoetik Dergisi 2021;8(2),114-125.
27. Güler ES, Yanıkkerem E. Kadınların doğum yöntemleri ve sezaryen sonrası vajinal doğum hakkında düşünceleri. STED 2018;27(1):27-36.
28. Karabulutlu Ö. Kadınların doğum şekli tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2012;20(3), 210-218.
29. Hou Y, Zhou X, Yao M, Liu S. Fear of childbirth and its predictors in re-pregnant women after cesarean section: a cross-sectional multicenter study in China. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022;22(1),1-8.
30. Ansari A, Irum S. An Association of Fear of Childbirth with the Preference for Cesarean Section; A Cross Sectional Study. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 2022;72(2),535-38.
31. Junge C, von Soest T, Seidler A, Eberhard‐Gran M, Garthus‐Niegel S. Severe recalled labor pain and elective cesarean section in a subsequent delivery: a cohort study of Norwegian parous women. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2021;100(9),1678-1687.
32. Liang H, Fan Y, Zhang N, Chongsuvivatwong V, Wang Q, Gong J et al. Women’s cesarean section preferences and influencing factors in relation to China’s two-child policy: a cross-sectional study. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2018;12(1),2093-2101.
33. Sandall J, Tribe RM, Avery L, Mola G, Ha Visser G, Se Homer C et al. Short-term and long-term effects of caesarean section on the health of women and children. The Lancet 2018;392(1),1349-57.
34. Liu X, Landon MB, Cheng W, Chen Y. Cesarean delivery on maternal request in China: what are the risks and benefits? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;212(1),817-9.
35. Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ. Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2018;15(1):e1002494.
36. Chen H, Tan D. Cesarean section or natural childbirth? cesarean birth may damage your health. Frontiers in psychology 2019;10(1),351.
37. Sobhy S, Arroyo-Manzano D, Murugesu N, Karthikeyan G, Kumar V, Kaur I, Thangaratinam S. Maternal and perinatal mortality and complications associated with caesarean section in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet 2019;393(10184),1973-1982.
38. Gedefaw G, Goedert MH, Abebe E, Demis A. Effect of cesarean section on initiation of breast feeding: Findings from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. PloS one 2020;15(12), e0244229.
39. Demirgöz Bal M, Dereli Yılmaz S, Kızılkaya Beji N. Kadınların sezaryen doğum tercihleri. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi 2013; 21(2),139-146.
40. Demirtaş GS. Sezaryen Doğum Sekeli; İstmosel. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2022; 23(1), 119-12.
41. Costa-Ramón AM, Rodríguez-González A, Serra-Burriel M, Campillo-Artero C. It's about time: Cesarean sections and neonatal health. Journal of health economics 2018;1(1),59.
42. Mariani GL, Vain NE. The rising incidence and impact of non-medically indicated pre-labour cesarean section in Latin America. In Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2019;24(1),11-17.
43. Shokry E, Marchioro L, Uhl O, Bermúdez MG, García-Santos JA, Segura M, Koletzko B. Investigation of the impact of birth by cesarean section on fetal and maternal metabolism. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2019;300(3),589-600.
44. Pires-Menard A, Flatley C, Kumar S. Severe neonatal outcomes associated with emergency cesarean section at term. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2021;34(4),629-633.
45. Kupari M, Talola N, Luukkaala T, Tihtonen K. Does an increased cesarean section rate improve neonatal outcome in term pregnancies? Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2016;294(1),41-6.
46. Walker R, Turnbull D, Wilkinson C. Strategies to address global cesarean section rates: a review of the evidence. Birth 2002; 29(1), 28-39.
47. Filiz M. Türkiye’de Sezaryen Ameliyatlarına Yönelik Politikaların Analizi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020;6(1),74-83.
48. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Yönergesi (2010). http://www.saglik.gov.tr/ TR/belge/1-11554/saglikta-performans-ve-kalite yonergesi.html. Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
49. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Gebe Okulu, Gebe Bilgilendirme Sınıfı, Doğuma Hazırlık ve Danışmanlık Merkezleri Hakkında Genelge (2020). https://sbm.saglik.gov.tr/TR,49222/gebe-okulu-gebebilgilendirme-sinifi--doguma-hazirlik-ve-danismanlik-merkezlerihakkinda-genelge.html Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
50. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Doğum ve Sezaryen Eylemi Yönetim Rehberi (2010). https://kalite.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/6407/0/dogum-ve-sezaryen-eylemi-yonetim-rehberipdf.pdf Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.
51. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı İstanbul İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü (2017). http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/anasayfalinkler/belge/ekutuphane/kadin_hastaliklari_ve_dogum_bransi_komisyo n_calismalari.pdf. Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022.

There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Review
Authors	Fatma Nur Duman 0000-0001-9736-2769 Zehra Gölbaşı 0000-0002-0410-7433
Project Number	Bulunmamaktadır.
Publication Date	March 31, 2023
Submission Date	October 12, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver	Duman FN, Gölbaşı Z. Artan Sezaryen Doğum Oranının Anne-Bebek Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri ve Sezaryen Doğumların Azaltılmasına Yönelik Stratejiler. TJFMPC. 2023;17(1):188-94.