Partiküler Hava Kirliliğinin Bebek Ölümlerine Kısa Dönemdeki Etkisi: 2018-2020 Yılları Ankara İli Örneği

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 3 - Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 350 - 359, 20.09.2023

Hidayet Kasım , Türker Bekar , Yunus Emre Bulut , Birgül Piyal

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1204392

Abstract

Genel bilgiler: Günümüzde küresel ölçekte her 10 kişiden dokuzu hava kirliliği sınır değerlerin üstünde olan yerlerde yaşamaktadır. Türkiye’de bir yaş altı ölümlerin %5,3’ünün risk faktörünün partiküler hava kirliliği olduğu öngörülmektedir. Bebek ölümlerinin nedenlerinin incelenerek gerekli önlemlerin alınabilmesi açısından hava kirliliği ve kirliliğe bağlı erken ölüm olasılıklarının araştırılması önemlidir.
Amaç : Bu çalışma, Ankara'da 2018-2020 yılları arasında gözlenen Partikül Madde (PM) 2.5 ve (PM)10 düzeyleri ile o dönemde meydana gelen bebek ölümleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Partiküler hava kirliliğinin bebek ölümleriyle olan ilişkisinin irdelenmesinde temel olarak esnek kübik spline fonksiyonuyla oluşturulan Poisson regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Mevsimsel trendler ve hava sıcaklığı etkisi arındırılarak yedi güne kadar olan etki gecikmeleri (lag) göz önüne alınıp her 10 μg/m3’lük PM2.5 ve PM10 artışının bebek ölümleri üzerine olan etkisi rölatif risk (RR) ve %95 güven aralıkları (GA) hesaplanarak incelenmiştir.
Sonuçlar: Ankara’da saptanan günlük ortalama PM2.5 ve PM10 düzeyinin üç yıllık ortalaması limit değerlerin üzerindedir ve değerlendirilen zaman diliminde, 1096 günün 754’ünde 1295 bebek ölümü gerçekleşmiştir.
Yapılan hesaplamalarda hem PM2.5 hem de PM10’un yüksek değerlerine maruziyet günü ve sonraki ilk üç günde ölüm riskinde değişiklik yokken sonraki günlerde ölüm riskinin anlamlı olarak düştüğü ve yedinci günde bu farkın ortadan kalktığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuçta PM2.5 ve PM10 ile yapılan hesaplamalar, partiküler hava kirliliğinin ilk haftada bebek ölümleri üzerine etkisi gösterilememiştir.
Tartışma: Partiküler hava kirliliğinin ilk haftada bebek ölümleri üzerine etkisi saptanmamasına rağmen uygulanan modellere olası etki düzenleyiciler gibi farklı değişkenler dahil edildiğinde bu ilişki saptanır hale gelebilir. Konunun bu gibi farklı koşullarla da incelenmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Çevre epidemiyolojisi, Zaman serisi, Hava kirliliği, Bebek ölümü

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

Thanks

YOK

The Effect of Particulate Air Pollution on Infant Mortality in the Short Term: The Case of Ankara Province in 2018-2020

Abstract

Background: Today, nine out of 10 people on a global scale live in an air pollution environment above the limit values determined. It is predicted that particulate air pollution is a risk factor for 5.3% of deaths under the age of one in Türkiye. In order to examine the causes of infant deaths and take necessary precautions, it is important to investigate air pollution and the possibilities of infant death due to.
Aims: This study was carried out to examine the relationship between Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 and (PM)10 levels observed in Ankara between the years 2018-2020 and infant deaths that occurred at that time.
Methods: To examine the relationship poisson regression model, in which the terms formed by the flexible cubic spline function, were mainly used. The effect of each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 on infant mortality, taking into account lags of up to seven days by adjusting for seasonal trends and air temperature effects, was determined by relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) analyzed by calculation.
Results: In the evaluated period, 1295 infant deaths occurred in 754 of 1096 days. The three-year average of the daily average PM2.5 and PM10 levels detected in Ankara is above the limit values.
Conclusion: The effect of particulate air pollution on infant mortality in the first week was not detected, this relationship may become detectable when different variables such as possible effect modifiers are included in the models applied. The subject should also be examined under such different conditions.

Keywords

Environmental epidemiology, Time series, Air pollution, Infant mortality

Project Number

YOK

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