Exploring The Impact of Dietary and Metabolic Risk Factors on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) : A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 29 - 44, 30.08.2025

İzel Aycan Orakçı , İlyas Tuncer , Fatma Esra Güneş

https://doi.org/10.56150/tjhsl.1677733

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations between the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a range of dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters in adults with clinically diagnosed NAFLD.
Materials and Methods: A total of 114 adult NAFLD patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24-hour recalls. Participants were stratified by steatosis grade (Grade 1–3) based on ultrasonographic evaluation. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers were analyzed across groups. Ordinal logistic regression and ANOVA were used to evaluate group differences and associations.
Results: Dietary cholesterol intake was significantly higher in the moderate steatosis group (p=0.026). Waist circumference, body fat percentage, and muscle mass were significantly associated with steatosis severity. Hovewer, no significant differences were observed among steatosis grades in energy, macronutrients, fiber, or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting glucose, and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were elevated in more advanced steatosis groups (p<0.05), while lipid parameters such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) showed no significant differences.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that metabolic and anthropometric parameters—rather than general dietary intake—are more strongly associated with the severity of NAFLD. Early monitoring of central adiposity, insulin resistance, and hepatic enzymes may improve risk stratification and support timely interventions.

Keywords

Anthropometric measurements , Dietary intake , Hepatic enzymes , Metabolic risk factors , NAFLD

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Marmara University Faculty of Medicine (approval date: October 8, 2021; No: 09.2021.1109)

Thanks

The authors thank the participants for their collaboration and [Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital] for support during data collection.

Diyet ve Metabolik Risk Faktörlerinin Non-Alkolik Yağlı Karaciğer Hastalığı (NAFLD) Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, klinik olarak tanısı konmuş non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastası (NAFLD) erişkin bireylerde hastalığın şiddeti ile çeşitli beslenme, antropometrik ve biyokimyasal parametreler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmaya toplam 114 yetişkin NAFLD hastası dahil edilmiştir. Diyet alımı, üç adet 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcılar, ultrasonografik değerlendirme temel alınarak karaciğer yağlanma derecelerine göre (Derece 1–3) sınıflandırılmıştır. Antropometrik ölçümler ve biyokimyasal belirteçler gruplar arasında analiz edilmiştir. Grup farklılıklarını ve ilişkileri değerlendirmek için sırasal lojistik regresyon ve ANOVA testleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Diyetle alınan kolesterol miktarı, orta dereceli steatoz grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0.026). Bel çevresi, vücut yağ yüzdesi ve kas kütlesi, steatoz şiddeti ile anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Ancak enerji, makro besin öğeleri, diyet lifi ve çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFA) alımında steatoz dereceleri arasında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Serum aminotransferaz (ALT), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), açlık glukozu ve İnsülin Direncinin Homeostatik Modeli Değerlendirmesi (HOMA-IR) düzeyleri, daha ileri düzeydeki steatoz gruplarında yükselmiş olarak saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Buna karşılık düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein (HDL) kolesterol ve trigliserid (TG) gibi lipid parametreleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.
Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, genel diyet alımından ziyade metabolik ve antropometrik parametrelerin NAFLD şiddetiyle daha güçlü ilişki gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Santral obezite, insülin direnci ve karaciğer enzimlerinin erken dönemde izlenmesi, risk sınıflandırmasını iyileştirebilir ve zamanında müdahaleleri destekleyebilir.

Keywords

Antropometrik ölçümler , Diyet alımı , Hepatik enzimler , Metabolik risk faktörleri , NAFLD

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