Biosensors: Lactate Biosensors in Food and Health Field

Abstract

Biosensors are devices that determine the concentration of the target analyte by means of a signal obtained in proportion to the specificity and the concentration of the bioreceptor. They are a powerful alternative to traditional analytical methods due to the fact that they are fast, precise, reliable, portable and economical devices.

Lactate (lactic acid), a key metabolite of the anaerobic metabolism pathway, is an important indicator for lots of reactions, including the health of organisms and some food processes. Lactate which is naturally produced by lactic acid bacteria is found in fermented food products and many other foods and beverages. Thus; lactate level in the food industry is used to determine freshness, stability and quality characteristics of the products. In another aspect, lactate production under anaerobic conditions is a sign of fatigue and hydration. Serial determination of blood lactate levels, is a good predictor to follow the multiple system organ failure and death in septic shock patients.

Today, electrochemical-biosensors are used commonly because of their features such as low cost, easy usage, perfect sensitivity and high selectivity to detect lactate levels. In the literature, most of lactate biosensors are enzymatic amperometric biosensors. Besides the approximately fifteen commercial biosensors, there are a great number of biosensors examined in laboratory conditions. While the studies focused on the development of new biosensors in lab-scale, it is a necessity to gain them as commercial usage.

Keywords

• Biosensor,Bioreceptor,Electrochemical,Industry,Food,Lactate,Health,Transducer,Transducer

Biyosensörler: Gıda ve Sağlık Alanında Laktat Biyosensörleri

Öz

Biyosensörler, hedef analitin varlığı ya da konsantrasyonunu biyoreseptörün spesifikliği ve konsantrasyonuyla orantılı olarak elde edilen sinyal aracılığıyla belirleyen cihazlardır. Hızlı, hassas, güvenilir, kolay taşınabilir ve ekonomik cihazlar olmaları nedeniyle geleneksel analitik metodlara güçlü bir alternatiftirler.

Anaerobik metabolizma yolunun önemli bir metaboliti olan laktatın (laktik asit) varlığı, organizmaların sağlığı ve bazı gıda süreçleri gibi birçok reaksiyon için önemli bir göstergedir. Laktik asit bakterileri tarafından doğal olarak üretilen laktat, fermente gıda ürünleriyle birlikte diğer pek çok yiyecek ve içecekte bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle; gıda endüstrisinde laktat seviyesi, ürünlerin; tazelik, stabilite ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Diğer bir açıdan, anaerobik koĢullar altında laktat üretimi; insanlarda yorulmanın ve hidrasyonun bir işaretidir. Kan laktat düzeylerinin hızlı olarak belirlenmesi, septik şok hastalarında çoklu organ yetmezliği ve ölümün izlenmesi açısından iyi bir belirteçtir.

Günümüzde, elektrokimyasal biyosensörler; düşük maliyeti, kullanım kolaylığı, mükemmel hassasiyeti ve yüksek seçiciliği gibi özellikleri nedeniyle laktat seviyelerini belirlemek için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Literatürde, laktat biyosensörlerinin çoğu enzimatik amperometrik biyosensörlerdir. Yaklaşık olarak bulunan on beş ticari biyosensörün yanı sıra, laboratuvar koşullarında incelenen çok sayıda biyosensör bulunmaktadır. Çalışmalar, laboratuvar ölçekli yeni biyosensörlerin geliştirilmesi üzerine yoğunlaşırken bunları ticari kullanım amacıyla pazara sunmak önemli bir gerekliliktir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyosensör,Biyoreseptör,Elektrokimyasal,Endüstri,Gıda,Laktat,Sağlık,Transduser,Transduser

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