Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil

Abstract

Anatolian sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), also known as “daily tree”, is among the plants that grow in the vicinity of Muğla province of Turkey. The essential oil obtained from this plant, which is prominent in its economic value, are used to treat upper respiratory tract diseases, as well as antiseptic and antiparasitic. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of the essential oil from the leaves of Anatolian sweetgum tree against some microorganisms. For this purpose, the essential oil of this species leaves was obtained by the water vapor distillation method. The chemical composition of the essential oil of the plant was analysed by GC-MS. It was determined that the main components of L. orientalis essential oil were to be terpinen-4-ol (39.53%), α-terpineol (16.21%), sabinene (11.12%), α-pinene (8.05%), veridiflorol (6.37%) and p-cymene (2.11%). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of L. orientalis was investigated by using spectrophotometric broth microdilution method. Accordingly, the highest MIC99.9 value of L. orientalis essential oil was against Pseudomonas aureginosa (16.4 μg/mL), while the lowest activity was Candida parapsilosis (28.7 μg/mL). Furthermore, MIC99.9 values for the other microorganisms were determined as 27.8 μg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, 26.1 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 27.2 μg/mL for Escherichia coli and 19.0 μg/mL for C. albicans. As a result, L. orientalis essential oil has been shown to be a potential antimicrobial agent in terms of chemical content.

Keywords

• Chemical composition,Antimicrobial activity,Liquidambar orientalis,Anatolian sweetgum

Anadolu Sığlası (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Yaprağı Yağının Kimyasal Bileşeni ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi

Öz

Anadolu sığlası (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), “günlük ağacı” olarak da bilinen ve ülkemizin Muğla ili civarında yetiĢen bitkiler arasında yer almaktadır. Ekonomik değeriyle öne çıkan bu bitkiden elde edilen uçucu yağlar, antiseptik ve parazit öldürücü olmasının yanında, üst solunum yolu hastalıklarının tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalıĢmada, sığla ağacı yapraklarından elde edilen uçucu yağın bazı mikroorganizmalara karĢı antimikrobiyal etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıĢtır. Bu amaçla, L. orientalis yaprağından su buhar distilasyonu yöntemiyle uçucu yağı elde edildi. Daha sonra, L. orientalis’ten elde edilen esansiyel yağın kimyasal bileĢimi GC-MS kullanarak analiz edildi. L. orientalis uçucu yağının ana bileĢenlerinin terpinen-4-ol (%39.53), α-terpineol (%16.21), sabinen (% 11.12), α-pinen (%8.05), veridiflorol (%6.37) ve p-semen (%2.11) incelendi. L. orientalis uçucu yağının antimikrobiyal aktivitesi spektrofotometrik broth mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılarak araĢtırıldı. Buna göre, L. orientalis uçucu yağının en yüksek MĠK99.9 değeri Pseudomonas aureginosa’ya (16.4 μg/mL) karĢı iken, en düĢük aktivite Candida parapsilosis’e (28.7 μg/mL) olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca, yağın diğer mikroorganizmalar için MĠK99.9 değerleri Bacillus subtilis için 27.8 μg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus için 26.1 μg/mL, Escherichia coli için 27.2 μg/mL ve C. albicans için ise 19.0 μg/mL olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, L. orientalis uçucu yağının kimyasal içerik bakımından potansiyel bir antimikrobiyal ajan olduğu tespit edilmiĢtir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Liquidambar orientalis,Kimyasal bileĢen,Antimikrobiyal aktivite,Anadolu sığlası

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