Sleep quality and related factors in individuals aged 20 and over consulting primary health care centers
Abstract
Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and to identify related factors among adults.
Methods: This study was among adults aged ≥20 years registered at Primary Health Care Center in August-September 2022. Primary outcome was sleep quality, which was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Secondary outcomes were sociodemographic, lifestyle, health characteristics, sleep-related factors, anxiety-depression. Chi-square test for categorical variables was used in univariate analysis, logistic regression models in multivariate analysis was used. SPSS version 23.0 was used for analysis, type-1 error accepted as 0.05.
Results: Participant’s average age was 40.98±13.68 years. 34.6% of participants had poor sleep quality. 12.7% of them had abnormal level anxiety while 8.5% had abnormal level depression. Between total PSQI score and anxiety-depression, there was a moderate positive correlation (r=.375,p<0.001;r=.468,p<0.001,respectively). Being older (RR=1.07(95%CI=1.04-1.10)); being female (RR=5.1(95%CI=1.9-13.6)); living in semi-urban area (RR=2.9(95%CI=1.3-6.5)); shift/part-time work (RR=3.9(95%CI=1.1-14.0)); smoking (RR=2.7(95%CI=1.1-6.7)); sleeping in dim light (RR=6.0(95%CI=2.5-14.5)) or sleeping in bright light (RR=9.5(95%CI=3.3-27.5)); being stressed (RR=5.0(95%CI=1.7-14.3)); borderline (RR=3.6(95%CI=1.1-11.3)) or abnormal level (RR=9.5(95%CI=2.6-34.4)) anxiety was found to be related to poor sleep quality.
Conclusion: One out of three people had poor sleep quality. Increasing age, gender, low socioeconomic status, negative lifestyle, poor sleep hygiene and mental health were associated with poor sleep quality. Health-promoting activities should be held to encourage individual’s positive health behavior development, in chronic disease follow-ups, sleep quality should be questioned. Since sleep hygiene and mental health were important determinants of sleep quality, people should be informed about how to improve these.
Keywords
Sleep Quality, Sleep Hygiene, Anxiety, Primary Health Care
Ethical Statement
For this research, ethical approval numbered 2023/1643 (January 04,2023) was obtained from Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences Ethics Committee and informed consent from participants was obtained.
Thanks
We would like to thank Dr. Begüm BAŞ, Dr. Bengi ÇELEN, Dr. Başak TATAR, Dr. Aysu Nur ATMACI, Dr. Aykun ÇELİKER, Dr. Batuhan KARAKÖSE, Dr. Barış TUNÇ for their help in the data collection process.
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