The experiences and involvements of fathers during 4-12 months of their children’s lives: a mixed method study
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine the experiences and involvements of Turkish fathers in the care of their 4-12 month old healthy infants.
Methods: Fathers’ experiences and involvements in the care of the infants were examined by using a mixed method research design. 260 participants were selected from two health care centers of different socioeconomic status, and reported with a 95% confidence interval and 5% sampling error. The quantitative data were collected through a self developed Likert-type questionnaire named “Fathers’ Involvement in Infant Care Questionnaire” by researchers using face to face interviews. Qualitative data were collected through in depth interviews from 32 purposefully selected fathers. Analyses of quantitative results used the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the Independent Samples T Test, the Least Significant Difference and Stepwise Backward Multiple Regression Analysis tests while qualitative data analyzed by the thematic analysis method. Results: The five-point Likert questionnaire results showed that average score of paternal involvement in infant care was 3.0. Fathers who declared the least interest in the physical care of their infants ( X =2.5), expressed the most interest in game activities ( X =3.9).The fathers involvement in child care significantly correlated with the time they devoted to child care (p < .001), the fathers’ level of education (p < .001), the wives’ level of education (p < .01), the number of children (p < .01), and the combination of these factors explained the variability of the fathers’ involvement in child care by 37%. The qualitative results revealed five themes. 1) Fatherhood is a hard concept to portray, 2) Is this an arrogance or to negotiate a new? 3) Conditional fatherhood, 4) My job comes first and 5) Caring for the baby: Beyond the reactions. Conclusions: This study contributes to health care providers’ knowledge database by providing a better understanding and explanation of fathers’ involvement with childcare. However there is a need for further investigations conducted with different socio-cultural and economic groups.
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