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Electric field levels and its evaluation from the view of public health: Samsun city center example

Year 2018, , 146 - 156, 08.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458354

Abstract

Objective: In parallel with technological developments, radio/TV transmitters, base stations,
power lines, transformers, electrical household appliances and medical equipments have begun
to take up more space in our daily lives, causing an increase in the electromagnetic fields (EMF)
in our environments. Increasing demand for wireless systems has further led to more exposure
to EMFs. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the potential health consequences
of electromagnetic field exposure has become ever more crucial. Method: In this study, short
term electric field strength (E) measurements were taken in the İlkadım, Canik and Atakum
districts of Samsun province, at 152 different locations in the months of April, May and
September in 2017. The measurements were taken using a PMM 8053 EMF meter. In order to
determine the change in E levels within a day, a 24 hour long measurement was conducted at the
location where the highest average electric field strength (Eavg) was recorded. Results: The
evaluation of E measurement results showed that the highest maximum electric field strength
(Emax) was 4.75 V/m, and Eavg was 3.35 V/m. The differences between all Emax and Eavg values
recorded in the three districts were statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Emaxs
recorded in Ilkadim district showed larger variability than the other districts. It was determined
that at only 2% of the 152 measurement locations, Eavg levels were between 2V/m and 4V/m.
The assessment of the 24 hour E measurements demonstrated that the highest E value was
recorded between 12:00 and 17:59; when the base station was the most active. Furthermore, the
mean E value measured during noon hours was 58% higher than the value measured during
night hours. Conclusions: Although the recorded E levels were below the limits determined by
the ICNIRP and ICTA; it can be considered as high for countries like Switzerland and Italy where
lower limits are enforced. Therefore, regular monitoring of E level exposure and keeping E levels
within safe limits is recommended in order to protect public health.

References

  • 1. Statista. Forecast of mobile phone users worldwide from 2013 to 2019. [online]. Available at: www.statista.com/statistics/274774/fo recast-of-mobile-phone-usersworldwide/. Accessed October 10, 2017. 2. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12(7): 624-626. 3. Van Deventer E, Van Rongen E, Saunders R. WHO research agenda for radiofrequency fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2011;32(5):417421. 4. Lin JC. Are radio frequency or mobile phone electromagnetic fields possibly carcinogenic to humans?. URSI Radioscience Bulletin 2010;340:53-54. 5. FCC. Wireless devices and health concerns. [online]. Available at: https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides /wireless-devices-and-healthconcerns/. Accessed October 10, 2017. 6. FDA. Reducing Exposure: Hands-free kits and other accessories. [online]. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/RadiationEmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingPro ductsandProcedures/HomeBusinessand Entertainment/CellPhones/ucm116293. htm. Accessed October 10, 2017. 7. Prasad M, Kathuria P, Nair P, Kumar A, Prasad K. Mobile phone use and risk of brain tumours: a systematic review of association between study quality, source of funding, and research outcomes. Neurol. Sci 2017; 1-14. 8. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH. Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases. Pathophysiology 2009; 16: 113-122. 9. Dode AC, Leão MM, Tejo Fde A, et al. Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Sci. Total Environ 2011; 409: 3649-3665. 10. ICNIRP Guidelines, “Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300GHz)”, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics 1998. p.494522. 11. Information and Communication Technologies Authority of Turkey, “Ordinance change on By-Law on Determination, Control and Inspection of the Limit Values of Electromagnetic Field Force from The Electronic Communication Devices According to International Standards”, Law no.29497, 9 October 2015. 12. Urbinello D, Joseph W, Verloock L, Martens L, Röösli M. Temporal trends of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in everyday environments across European cities. Environ. Res 2014;134:134-142. 13. Sagar S, Struchen B, Finta V, Eeftens M, Röösli M. Use of portable exposimeters to monitor radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in the everyday environment. Environ. Res 2016;150:289-298. 14. Engiz B. K, Kurnaz Ç. Long-term electromagnetic field measurement and assessment for a shopping mall. Radiat. Prot. Dosim 2017;175(3):321-329. 15. Kurnaz Ç. An emprical modelling of electromagnetic pollution on an university campus. App. Comput. Elctromagn. Soc. Express J 2016; 1(2):76-79. 16. Kurnaz Ç, Bozkurt MC. Measurement and evaluation of electromagnetic pollution levels in Ünye district of Ordu. Journal of New Res. Sci 2016;5(12):149-158. 17. Hassoy H, Durusoy R, Karababa A.O. Baz istasyonlarının olası sağlık etkilerine ilişkin bir güncelleme. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2012;10(3). 18. www.pmm.eu/includes/sendfile.asp?no mep=Field_Probe. Accessed October 10, 2017.

Elektrik alan seviyeleri ve halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir merkezi örneği

Year 2018, , 146 - 156, 08.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458354

Abstract

Amaç: Teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak hayatımızda giderek daha fazla yer almaya başlayan radyo/televizyon vericileri, baz istasyonları, yüksek gerilim hatları, trafolar, elektrikli ev aletleri
ve tıbbi cihazlar çevremizde elektromanyetik alana (EMA) neden olmaktadır. Kablosuz sistemlere olan talepteki hızlı artış maruz kalınan EMA seviyelerinin daha da artmasına yol açmıştır. Bu nedenle maruz kalınan elektromanyetik alan seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve yaratabileceği olası sağlık sorunlarının izlenmesi önemli hale gelmiştir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Samsun ili İlkadım, Canik ve Atakum merkez ilçelerinde, 152 farklı konumda, 2017 yılı Nisan, Mayıs ve Eylül aylarında PMM 8053 EMA ölçer kullanılarak, kısa süreli elektrik alan şiddeti (E) ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. E seviyesinin gün içindeki değişimini belirlemek üzere en yüksek ortalama elektrik alan şiddetinin (Eort) kaydedildiği konumda bir gün boyunca (24 saat) E ölçümü yapılmıştır. Bulgular: E ölçüm sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde maksimum elektrik alan şiddetinin (Emax) 4.75 V/m, Eort’un ise 3.35 V/m olduğu görülmüştür. Her üç ilçede kaydedilen Emax ve Eort değerleri arasındaki farkın %95 güvenle istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu, İlkadım ilçesinde ölçülen Emax değerlerinin daha geniş bir aralıkta dağıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ölçüm yapılan 152 konumun sadece %2’sinde ölçülen Eort değerinin 2V/m ile 4V/m arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 24 saat süreli E ölçümü sonuçlarına göre; en yüksek E değeri baz istasyonunun en
aktif biçimde kullanıldığı 12:00 ile 17:59 saatleri arasında kaydedilmiştir. Öğlen saatlerinde ölçülen ortalama E değerinin ise gece saatlerinde ölçülen değerden %58 fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Her ne kadar ölçülen E değerleri ICNIRP ve BTK tarafından belirlenen limitlerin altında olsa da; daha düşük limitlerin uygulandığı İsviçre, İtalya gibi ülkeler için yüksek sayılabilir. Bu nedenle maruz kalınan E seviyelerinin düzenli aralıklarla ölçülmesi, izlenmesi ve halk sağlığını tehdit etmeyecek seviyelerde tutulması önerilir.

References

  • 1. Statista. Forecast of mobile phone users worldwide from 2013 to 2019. [online]. Available at: www.statista.com/statistics/274774/fo recast-of-mobile-phone-usersworldwide/. Accessed October 10, 2017. 2. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12(7): 624-626. 3. Van Deventer E, Van Rongen E, Saunders R. WHO research agenda for radiofrequency fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2011;32(5):417421. 4. Lin JC. Are radio frequency or mobile phone electromagnetic fields possibly carcinogenic to humans?. URSI Radioscience Bulletin 2010;340:53-54. 5. FCC. Wireless devices and health concerns. [online]. Available at: https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides /wireless-devices-and-healthconcerns/. Accessed October 10, 2017. 6. FDA. Reducing Exposure: Hands-free kits and other accessories. [online]. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/RadiationEmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingPro ductsandProcedures/HomeBusinessand Entertainment/CellPhones/ucm116293. htm. Accessed October 10, 2017. 7. Prasad M, Kathuria P, Nair P, Kumar A, Prasad K. Mobile phone use and risk of brain tumours: a systematic review of association between study quality, source of funding, and research outcomes. Neurol. Sci 2017; 1-14. 8. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH. Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases. Pathophysiology 2009; 16: 113-122. 9. Dode AC, Leão MM, Tejo Fde A, et al. Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Sci. Total Environ 2011; 409: 3649-3665. 10. ICNIRP Guidelines, “Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300GHz)”, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics 1998. p.494522. 11. Information and Communication Technologies Authority of Turkey, “Ordinance change on By-Law on Determination, Control and Inspection of the Limit Values of Electromagnetic Field Force from The Electronic Communication Devices According to International Standards”, Law no.29497, 9 October 2015. 12. Urbinello D, Joseph W, Verloock L, Martens L, Röösli M. Temporal trends of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in everyday environments across European cities. Environ. Res 2014;134:134-142. 13. Sagar S, Struchen B, Finta V, Eeftens M, Röösli M. Use of portable exposimeters to monitor radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in the everyday environment. Environ. Res 2016;150:289-298. 14. Engiz B. K, Kurnaz Ç. Long-term electromagnetic field measurement and assessment for a shopping mall. Radiat. Prot. Dosim 2017;175(3):321-329. 15. Kurnaz Ç. An emprical modelling of electromagnetic pollution on an university campus. App. Comput. Elctromagn. Soc. Express J 2016; 1(2):76-79. 16. Kurnaz Ç, Bozkurt MC. Measurement and evaluation of electromagnetic pollution levels in Ünye district of Ordu. Journal of New Res. Sci 2016;5(12):149-158. 17. Hassoy H, Durusoy R, Karababa A.O. Baz istasyonlarının olası sağlık etkilerine ilişkin bir güncelleme. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2012;10(3). 18. www.pmm.eu/includes/sendfile.asp?no mep=Field_Probe. Accessed October 10, 2017.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Begüm Korunur Engiz

Publication Date September 8, 2018
Submission Date December 12, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Korunur Engiz, B. (2018). Elektrik alan seviyeleri ve halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir merkezi örneği. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 16(2), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458354
AMA Korunur Engiz B. Elektrik alan seviyeleri ve halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir merkezi örneği. TJPH. September 2018;16(2):146-156. doi:10.20518/tjph.458354
Chicago Korunur Engiz, Begüm. “Elektrik Alan Seviyeleri Ve Halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir Merkezi örneği”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 16, no. 2 (September 2018): 146-56. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458354.
EndNote Korunur Engiz B (September 1, 2018) Elektrik alan seviyeleri ve halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir merkezi örneği. Turkish Journal of Public Health 16 2 146–156.
IEEE B. Korunur Engiz, “Elektrik alan seviyeleri ve halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir merkezi örneği”, TJPH, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 146–156, 2018, doi: 10.20518/tjph.458354.
ISNAD Korunur Engiz, Begüm. “Elektrik Alan Seviyeleri Ve Halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir Merkezi örneği”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 16/2 (September 2018), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458354.
JAMA Korunur Engiz B. Elektrik alan seviyeleri ve halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir merkezi örneği. TJPH. 2018;16:146–156.
MLA Korunur Engiz, Begüm. “Elektrik Alan Seviyeleri Ve Halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir Merkezi örneği”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 16, no. 2, 2018, pp. 146-5, doi:10.20518/tjph.458354.
Vancouver Korunur Engiz B. Elektrik alan seviyeleri ve halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi: Samsun şehir merkezi örneği. TJPH. 2018;16(2):146-5.

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