COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde genç erişkinlerin psikolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, genç erişkin bireylerde COVID-19 nedeniyle değişen yaşam koşullarının olası etkilerini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı ilişki arayan tipinde yürütülmüştür. Toplam 551 gence ulaşıldı. Veriler anket formu, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Sağlık Anksiyete Ölçeği-Kısa Form ve Maudsley Obsesif Kompulsif Soru Listesi kullanılılarak toplandı. Analiz için sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, ki-kare, t testi, ANOVA, Tukey-HSD ve Pearson korelasyon testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 22.60±3.49 yıl idi. %74’ü kadın, %88.6’sı bekar, %53.4’ü öğrencidir(sağlık). Bireylerin ortalama PSS puanı 30.44±7.86, HAS-1 14.32±6.22, HAS-2 3.43±2.34 ve MOCQ 17.79±7.19’dur. Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk açısından katılımcıların %10’u (n=55) düşük, %29.9’u (n=165) orta ve %60.1’i (n=331) yüksek düzeyde eğilim göstermiştir.Bireylerin algıladıkları stres, kaygı ve obsesif-kompulsif davranış düzeylerinin yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, meslek, kronik hastalık varlığı, sigara ve karantina durumu gibi değişkenlere göre değiştiği belirlendi (p<0.05). Ayrıca PSS, HAS ve MOCQ ortalama puanları arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki vardı. Sonuç: Gençlerin COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle psikolojik sorunlar yaşadıkları ve bu sorunların demografik özelliklere göre değiştiği belirlendi.

Keywords

• Covid-19
• obsesif-kompulsif davranış
• genç yetişkin birey
• algılanan stres
• kaygı

Investigation of psychological characteristics of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic period

Abstract

Objective: Aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of changing living conditions due to COVID-19 in young adult individuals.Methods: The study was conducted as a descriptive relation-seeker-type. A total of 551 young people were reached. Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Health Anxiety Scale-Short Form and Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Question List were used. For Analysis was used number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, t test, ANOVA, Tukey-HSD and Pearson correlation tests.Results: The average age of the participants was 22.60 ± 3.49 years. 74% are women, 88.6% are single, 53.4% are students (health). The average stress score of individuals is 30.44±7.86, the average HAS-1 is 14.32±6.22, the average HAS-2 is 3.43±2.34 and the average MOCQ is 17.79±7.19. In terms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, 10% (n=55) of the participants showed low trends, 29.9% (n=165) moderate, and 60.1% (n=331) showed a high level of trend.It was determined that individuals’ perceived stress, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behavior levels changed according to variables such as age, gender, marital status, occupation, presence of chronic disease, smoking and quarantine status (p<0.05).Conclusion: It was determined that young people experienced psychological problems due to the COVID-19 outbreak, and these problems changed according to demographic characteristic.

Keywords

• perceived stress
• young adult individual
• COVID-19
• young adult individual
• perceived stress
• obssesive-compulsive behavior

References

1. Odriozola-González P, PlanchueloGómez Á, Irurtia MJ, de Luis-García R. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Research 2020;290:1-8.
2. Liang L, Ren H, Cao R, Hu Y, Qin Z, Li C, Mei S. The effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. Psychiatr Q 2020;91(3):841-852.
3. Rahman J, Muralidharan A, Quazi SJ, Saleem H, Khan S. Neurological and psychological effects of coronavirus (COVID-19): An overview of the current era pandemic. Cureus 2020;12(6):1-15.
4. Yang Y, Peng F, Wang R, Yang M, Guan K, Jiang T, Xu G, Sun J, Chang C. Corrigendum to “The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China”. J Autoimmun 2020;111:102487.
5. Sarı D, Khorshid L. Bulaşıcı hastalıklarda kaynak izolasyonunun psikolojik sonuçları. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi 2008;24(3):83-91.
6. Ekiz T, Ilıman E, Dönmez E. Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile COVID-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 2020;6(1):139-154.
7. Leventhal H, Meyer D, Nerenz D. The common sense representation of illness danger. Contributions to Medical Psychology 1980;2:7-30.
8. Bunevicius A, Katkute A, Bunevicius R. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in medical students and in humanities students: Relationship with bigfive personality dimensions and vulnerability to stress. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2008;54(6):494–501.

9. Lau JT, Yang X, Pang E, Tsui HY, Wong E, Wing YK. SARS-related perceptions in Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2005;11(3):417–424.
10. Wu W, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhang L, Wang G, Lei G, Xiao Q, Cao X, Bian Y, Xie S, Huang F, Luo N, Zhang J, Luo M. Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVID-19 and adjustment strategy. J Med Virol 2020: Accepted article. Youth in the period of COVID-19
11. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020;395(10227):912–920.
12. Jeong H, Yim HW, Song YJ, Ki M, Min JA, Cho J, Chae JH. Mental health status of people isolated due to middle east respiratory syndrome. Epidemiol Health 2016;38:1-7.
13. Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z, Liu X, Fuller CJ, Susser E, Lu J, Hoven CW. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: Exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can J Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie 2009;54(5):302–311.
14. Lwanga SK, Lemeshow S.Sample size determination in health studies. World Health Organization, Genevre, 1991. p.1-3.
15. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. In New Symposium Journal 2013;51(3):132-140.
16. Aydemir Ö, Kırpınar I, Satı T, Uykur B, Cengisiz C. Sağlık Anksiyetesi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe için güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2013;50(4):325-331.
17. Erol N, Savaşır I. Maudsley obsesif kompulsif soru listesi. XXIV. Ulusal Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, Ankara, GATA Basımevi 1988:107-114.
18. Elbay RY, Kurtulmuş A, Arpacıoğlu S, Karadere E. Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in COVID-19 pandemics. Psychiatry Res 2020;290:1-5.
19. Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, Ercan H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. Int J Ment Health Addiction 2020; May 28:1–14.
20. Li JB, Yang A, Dou K, Wang L, Zhang M, Lin X. Chinese public’s knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of the COVID-19 and their associations with emotional and behavioural reactions, social participation, and precautionary behaviour: A national survey. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1-30.
21. Uzun N, Tekin M, Sertel E, Tuncar A. ̇Psychological and social effects of COVID-19 pandemic on obstetrics and gynecology employees. J Surg Med 2020;4(5):355-358.
22. American Psychological Association (APA). Stress in america 2017 snapshot:Coping with change. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2016/coping_with-change.pdf. 10 Agust 2018.
23. Çırakoğlu OC. Domuz gribi (H1N1) salgınıyla ilişkili algıların, kaygı ve kaçınma düzeyi değişkenleri bağlamında incelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 2011;26(67):49-64.
24. Liu X, Luo WT, Li Y, Li CN, Hong ZS, Chen HL, et al. Psychological status and behavior changes of the public during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Infect Dis Poverty 2020;9(1):1-11.
25. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom 2020;89:242-250.
26. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, Ho RC. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(5):1-25.
27. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, Zheng J. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res 2020;287:1-5.
28. Karayurt Ö, Dicle A, Malak AT. Paylaşılmamış deneyim: deprem bölgesinde kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin yaşam kalitesini etkileyen etmenler. FÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2008;22(6):327-332. Youth in the period of COVID-19
29. Bai Y, Lin CC, Lin CY, Chen JY, Chue CM, Chou P. Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr Serv 2004;55(9):1055–1057.
30. Wang Y, Xu B, Zhao G, Cao R, He X, Fu S. Is quarantine related to immediate negative psychological consequences during the 2009 H1N1 epidemic?.Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2011;33(1):75–77.
31. Shafran R, Coughtrey A, Whittal M. Recognising and addressing the impact of COVID-19 on obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7(7):570–572.
32. Freeman S, Seymour M. ‘Just waiting’: the nature and effect of uncertainty on young people in remand custody in Ireland. Youth Justice 2010;10(2):126–142.
33. Hawton K, Linsell L, Adeniji T, Sariaslan A, Fazel S. Self-harm in prisons in England and wales: An epidemiological study of prevalence, risk factors, clustering, and subsequent suicide. Lancet 2014;383(9923):1147–1154.
34. Ateş SS. Anxiety of unemployment before the graduation: Research on university students in the aviation departments. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries 2019;3(5):165-174.
35. Abdi S, Taban S, Ghaemian A. Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: validity and reliability of Persian translation of CERQ-36 item. ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences 2012;32:2-7.
36. Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Spinhoven P. Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences 2001;30(8):1311-1327.