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Ergene Nehri Havzasında ağır metal kirliliğinin halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 212 - 221, 05.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.375342

Abstract

Amaç: Bu raporun amacı Ergene Havzasında ag ır metal kirlilig inin halk sag lıg ına olan etkilerini
deg erlendirmektir. Yöntem: Deg işik endu stri kollarında çalışanlar başta olmak u zere, tu m
insanlar ve dig er canlılar az ya da çok kimyasal maddelere maruz kalmaktadırlar. Trakya
bo lgesindeki o nemli su kaynaklarından biri olan Ergene nehri de, civarında yog un endu strileşme
ve kentleşmeden dolayı hızla kirlenmektedir. Bo lgede evsel ve endu striyel arıtma tesislerinin
yetersizlig i ve kaçak deşarjlar nedeniyle uygun arıtma yapılmadan birçok kimyasal madde Ergene
nehrine deşarj edilmektedir. Dolayısıyla hem çevre hem de insanlar ciddi tehdit altındadır. Uzun
yıllardır bo lgede suda, toprakta, havada, bitkilerde, hayvanlarda ve insanlarda ag ır metaller ile
ilgili pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda bo lgede yapılmış ag ır metal konsantrasyonları ile
ilgili literatu r o zetlenerek, beş yıllık kanser istatistiklerinin deg erlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Farklı çevresel materyaller de yapılmış çalışmalara bakıldıg ında hepsinde ortak metal
olan kurşun konsantrasyonu sınır deg erlerin u zerinde tespit edilmiştir. 2006-2011 yılları arasında
kanser verilerinin deg erlendirilmesi sonucu da tu m kanser tiplerinde artış go ru lmu ştu r. Sonuç:
Kanser ve çevresel fakto rleri bire bir ilişkilendirmek zor olsa da, yapılan çalışmalar ve kanser
istatistikleri, kurşun konsantrasyonları – tekstil ve deri sekto ru – mesane ve bo brek kanserleri
arasında yakın ilişki olabileceg ini go stermektedir. Ancak risk deg erlendirmesi gibi daha ileri
çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

References

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  • 2-Waisberg M, Joseph P, Hale B, Beyersmann D. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2003;192:95-117.
  • 3-Sáa I, Semedob M, Cunhac M.E. Kidney cancer. Heavy metals as a risk factor. Porto Biomed J 2016;1(1):25-28.
  • 4- Mahurpawar. M Effects Of Heavy Metals On Human Health. International Journal of Research–GRANTHAALAYAH.2015; http://granthaalayah.com/Articles/Vol3Iss9SE/152_IJRG15_S09_152.pdf.
  • 5-Hemdan N.Y, Emmrich F, Faber S, Lehmann J, Sack U. Alterations of TH1/TH2 reactivity by heavy metals: possible consequences include induction of autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1109:129–137.
  • 6-Antwi S.O, Eckert E.C, Sabaque C.V, Leof E.R, Hawthorne K.M, Bamlet W.R, Chaffee K.G, Oberg A.L, Petersen G.M. Exposure to environmental chemicals and heavy metals, and risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2015;26(11):1583-1591.
  • 7-Chen C.Y, Peng C.H, Chen Y.Y, Chan C.C, Yu C.J. Association of environmental heavy metals exposure and lung cancer incidence and prognosis. European Respiratory Journal 2016; 48: P2805.
  • 8- Caffo M, Caruso G, Fata G.L, Barresi V, Visalli M, Venza M and Venza I. Heavy Metals and Epigenetic Alterations in Brain Tumors. Curr Genomics 2014;15(6):457–463.
  • 9- Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ. Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment 2012;101:133–164.
  • 10-Ozkahya P, Camur Elipek B. Nutrient contents and physicochemical properties of well waters in Meric (Maritsa) river basin at Turkish Thrace. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 2016;48(1):21–26 11-Sivri N. Estimation of nutrient loads in ergene basin through GIS. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 2014;23(12a):3212-3221
  • 12- Güneş EH, Talinli I. Deşarj-bağımlı ve deşarj-aşırlıklı sistemlerde zehirlilik ile kirletici parametreler arasındaki ilişki. ITU J Ser E Water Pollut Control 2009;19(1–2):53–62.
  • 13-Sakcali M.S, Yilmaz R, Gucel S, Yarci C, Ozturk M. Water pollution studies in the rivers of the Edirne Region-Turkey. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manage 2009;12(3):313–319.
  • 14-Oezkan N, Moubayed-Breil J, Camur-Elipek B. Ecological analysis of chironomid Larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) in Ergene River Basin (Turkish Thrace). Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 2010;10(1):93–99.
  • 15-Günes¸ E, Talınlı I.A site-specific index to control the total effect of point sources discharges and to achieve ‘good chemical status’ in effluent dependent and effluent dominated water bodies: application on Ergene River Basin. Water Resour Manage 2013;27(1):221–237.
  • 16-Filiz Ü.V. Edirne Yo resinde Yetiştirilen Çeltik Bitkisinin Bazı Ag ır Metal İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi (tez). Tekirdag : Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitu su ; 2011.
  • 17-Tok H.H, Adiloğlu A, Öner N, Gönülsüz E, Adiloğlu S. Heavy metal concentrations in irrigation waters and rice culture in the central Trakya region. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 2005;6(3):550-562.
  • 18-Sabudak, T, Kaykıoglu, G, Ongen, A, Dokmeci AH, Celik, Dokmeci, I. Determination of Nickel and Lead Contents in Soil and Plant in Corlu-Turkey". Environmental Protection and Ecology 2008;9(3).557-565.
  • 19- Ekmekyapar F, Şabudak T, Şeren G. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) Plant Around the Çorlu-Çerkezköy Highway in Thrace Region. GlobalNEST 2012;14:496-504.
  • 20- Bayrak Yılmaz, G. and Sivri, N., 2014, “Estimation of Nutrient Loads in Ergene Basin throught GIS”, Fresenius Enviromental Bulletion, 2014;23(12a):3202-3211.
  • 21- Adiloğlu A, Adiloğlu S, Bellitürk K et.al. Tekirdağ ili kıyı şeridi topraklarında ağır metal kirliliği. 1. Kıyı Bölgelerinde Çevre Kirliliği ve Kontrolu Sempozyumu; 2011; Tekirdag, Turkey; 351-365.
  • 22-Ongen A, Dokmeci AH, Celik S, Sabudak T, Kaykıoglu G, Dokmeci I. Copper and Cadmium and Ground and Surface Water in Corlu-Turkey", Environmental Protection and Ecology 2008;9(4):754-763.
  • 23-Ekmekyapar F, Karabulut A, Pagano, SM. Çorlu- Çerkezköy Çevresinde Yeraltı Suyu Seviyelerinin ve Su Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. 1. Kıyı Bölgelerinde Çevre kirliliği ve Kontrolü Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı 2011;703-711.
  • 24-Arkoç O. Ergene Havzası, Çorlu–Çerkezköy Kesiminde Yeraltı sularındaki Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması. 65.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı; 2012 Nisan 2-6; Ankara, Türkiye.
  • 25-Anonim. Çorlu Bölgesindeki, Çevre Bileşenlerinde İz Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğinin Grafit Fırınlı Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi İle Belirlenmesi (2005-2008). Trakya University Research Project TUBAP-720, Edirne, Türkiye, 2010.
  • 26- T.C. Edirne Valiliği İl Çevre ve Orman Müdürlüğü. Ergene Analiz Raporu. 2009 ve 2010, Edirne, Türkiye, 2010. 220
  • 27-Arkoc O. Heavy Metal Concentrations of Groundwater in the East of Ergene Basin, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2014;93(4):429–433.
  • 28-Sungur A, Soylak M, Yilmaz S, Özcan H. Determination of heavy metals in sediments of the Ergene River by BCR sequential extraction method. Environ Earth Sci 2014;72:3293–3305.
  • 29-Hallı M, Sarı E, Kurt M.A. Assessment of Arsenic and Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Sediments of the Ergene River, Turkey. Pol J Environ Stud 2014;23(5):1581-1590.
  • 30- Erol S, Cukrov N, Francˇisˇkovic B.S, Kurt M.A, Halli M. Contamination assessment of ecotoxicmetals in recent sediments from the Ergene River, Turkey. Environ Earth Sci 2016; 75:1051.
  • 31-Dokmeci A.H, Yildiz T, Ongen A, Sivri N. Heavy metal concentration in deepwater rose shrimp species (Parapenaeuslongirostris, Lucas, 1846) collected from the Marmara Sea Coast in Tekirdağ. Environ Monit Assess 2014;186:2449–2454.
  • 32-Demirkol O, Aktaş N. A Search On Heavy Metal Accumulation In Scads Caught In The Gulf Of İzmit and off Tekirdag Province In The Sea Of Marmara. Pamukkale Univ Muh Bilim Derg 2002;8(2):205-209
  • 33-World Health Organization (WHO). Preventing disease through heal thy environments.http://www.who.int/quantifying_himpacts/publications/preventingdisease.pdf. Available at 17.09.2016.
  • 34-Inci O, Gülyaşar T, Yolal M, Cakina S, Sut N. Endüstriyel atıklarla ağır derecede kirlenen Ergene Nehri çevresinde yaşayan Ürogenital tümörlü olguların tırnaklarında bazı ağır metallerin araştırılması. 11. Üroonkoloji Kongresi. Bildiri özetleri kitabı. 2013a; 467-468.
  • 35-Inci, O, Yolal M, Gülyaşar T, et.al. Ergene nehri çevresinde ve diğer yerleşimlerde yaşayan böbrek tümörlü olguların kan ve böbreğin normal ve tümörlü dokularında bazı ağır metallerin araştırılması, nehir kirliliği ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. 11. Üroonkoloji Kongresi. Bildiri özetleri kitabı 2013b;57-58.
  • 36- Yolal M. Investigation of Relationshıp With Heavy Metals and River Pollutıon at Tumor Tissue and Normal Epithelial, Blood Serum of Patients With Urogenital Tumor that Live Near Ergene Riverand TurkishTrace. Trakya University. Uzmanlık Tezi. Edirne-2014.
  • 37- Yorulmaz F, Berberoğlu U, Sayhan ES, Eskiocak M, Gamze K. Endüstri yoğun bölgede yaşayanlarda ya da birinci derecede yakınlarında kanser bildirenlerin çevresel risk etmenlerine göre değerlendirilmesi: Çorlu örneği. 15. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongresi Özet Kitabı, Bursa, 2012:730.
  • 38- Türk Tabipleri Birliği Dilovası Raporu. Ankara: Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları, 2012.
  • 39- Martin S, Griswold W. Human Health Effects of Heavy Metals. Center for Hazardous Substance Research. 2009;15.
  • 40-ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Toxic substances Portal. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/toxsubstance.asp?toxid=22 Available at: 23.12.2016.

Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a public health perspective

Year 2017, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 212 - 221, 05.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.375342

Abstract

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this report is to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of the Ergene Basin and its effects on public health. Methods: Local people, as well as the surrounding ecosystem, are exposed to varying levels of chemical substances. Those working in different industrial sectors are particularly vulnerable. Ergene river, one of the most important water sources in the Thrace region, is being rapidly polluted due to increasing industrialization and urbanization in the region. Many chemicals are discharged into the Ergene river without proper treatment. This is largely due to the inadequacy of residential and industrial treatment plants, as well as the proliferation of illegal dumping in the region. Thus, both the environment and the people face a serious threat. For many years there have been many studies investigating the presence and effects of heavy metals on the water, soil, air, plants, animals and people of the region. In our study, the literature on heavy metal concentrations in the region was summarized and the five-year cancer statistics were evaluated. Results: The lead concentration, which is a common metal in all the different environmental compartments, has been found to be above the maximum limit value. Furthermore, the evaluation of cancer data showed an increase in all cancer types between 2006 and 2011. Conclusion: Although it is difficult to relate cancer and environmental factors directly, studies show that there may be a close relationship between lead concentration (largely produced by the textile and leather industries) and the occurrence of bladder and kidney cancers. However further research, such as risk assessments, is required to establish more definitive conclusions.

References

  • 1-Balkwill F, Mantovani A. Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet 2001;357:539-45.
  • 2-Waisberg M, Joseph P, Hale B, Beyersmann D. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2003;192:95-117.
  • 3-Sáa I, Semedob M, Cunhac M.E. Kidney cancer. Heavy metals as a risk factor. Porto Biomed J 2016;1(1):25-28.
  • 4- Mahurpawar. M Effects Of Heavy Metals On Human Health. International Journal of Research–GRANTHAALAYAH.2015; http://granthaalayah.com/Articles/Vol3Iss9SE/152_IJRG15_S09_152.pdf.
  • 5-Hemdan N.Y, Emmrich F, Faber S, Lehmann J, Sack U. Alterations of TH1/TH2 reactivity by heavy metals: possible consequences include induction of autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1109:129–137.
  • 6-Antwi S.O, Eckert E.C, Sabaque C.V, Leof E.R, Hawthorne K.M, Bamlet W.R, Chaffee K.G, Oberg A.L, Petersen G.M. Exposure to environmental chemicals and heavy metals, and risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2015;26(11):1583-1591.
  • 7-Chen C.Y, Peng C.H, Chen Y.Y, Chan C.C, Yu C.J. Association of environmental heavy metals exposure and lung cancer incidence and prognosis. European Respiratory Journal 2016; 48: P2805.
  • 8- Caffo M, Caruso G, Fata G.L, Barresi V, Visalli M, Venza M and Venza I. Heavy Metals and Epigenetic Alterations in Brain Tumors. Curr Genomics 2014;15(6):457–463.
  • 9- Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ. Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment 2012;101:133–164.
  • 10-Ozkahya P, Camur Elipek B. Nutrient contents and physicochemical properties of well waters in Meric (Maritsa) river basin at Turkish Thrace. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 2016;48(1):21–26 11-Sivri N. Estimation of nutrient loads in ergene basin through GIS. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 2014;23(12a):3212-3221
  • 12- Güneş EH, Talinli I. Deşarj-bağımlı ve deşarj-aşırlıklı sistemlerde zehirlilik ile kirletici parametreler arasındaki ilişki. ITU J Ser E Water Pollut Control 2009;19(1–2):53–62.
  • 13-Sakcali M.S, Yilmaz R, Gucel S, Yarci C, Ozturk M. Water pollution studies in the rivers of the Edirne Region-Turkey. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manage 2009;12(3):313–319.
  • 14-Oezkan N, Moubayed-Breil J, Camur-Elipek B. Ecological analysis of chironomid Larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) in Ergene River Basin (Turkish Thrace). Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 2010;10(1):93–99.
  • 15-Günes¸ E, Talınlı I.A site-specific index to control the total effect of point sources discharges and to achieve ‘good chemical status’ in effluent dependent and effluent dominated water bodies: application on Ergene River Basin. Water Resour Manage 2013;27(1):221–237.
  • 16-Filiz Ü.V. Edirne Yo resinde Yetiştirilen Çeltik Bitkisinin Bazı Ag ır Metal İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi (tez). Tekirdag : Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitu su ; 2011.
  • 17-Tok H.H, Adiloğlu A, Öner N, Gönülsüz E, Adiloğlu S. Heavy metal concentrations in irrigation waters and rice culture in the central Trakya region. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 2005;6(3):550-562.
  • 18-Sabudak, T, Kaykıoglu, G, Ongen, A, Dokmeci AH, Celik, Dokmeci, I. Determination of Nickel and Lead Contents in Soil and Plant in Corlu-Turkey". Environmental Protection and Ecology 2008;9(3).557-565.
  • 19- Ekmekyapar F, Şabudak T, Şeren G. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) Plant Around the Çorlu-Çerkezköy Highway in Thrace Region. GlobalNEST 2012;14:496-504.
  • 20- Bayrak Yılmaz, G. and Sivri, N., 2014, “Estimation of Nutrient Loads in Ergene Basin throught GIS”, Fresenius Enviromental Bulletion, 2014;23(12a):3202-3211.
  • 21- Adiloğlu A, Adiloğlu S, Bellitürk K et.al. Tekirdağ ili kıyı şeridi topraklarında ağır metal kirliliği. 1. Kıyı Bölgelerinde Çevre Kirliliği ve Kontrolu Sempozyumu; 2011; Tekirdag, Turkey; 351-365.
  • 22-Ongen A, Dokmeci AH, Celik S, Sabudak T, Kaykıoglu G, Dokmeci I. Copper and Cadmium and Ground and Surface Water in Corlu-Turkey", Environmental Protection and Ecology 2008;9(4):754-763.
  • 23-Ekmekyapar F, Karabulut A, Pagano, SM. Çorlu- Çerkezköy Çevresinde Yeraltı Suyu Seviyelerinin ve Su Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. 1. Kıyı Bölgelerinde Çevre kirliliği ve Kontrolü Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı 2011;703-711.
  • 24-Arkoç O. Ergene Havzası, Çorlu–Çerkezköy Kesiminde Yeraltı sularındaki Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması. 65.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı; 2012 Nisan 2-6; Ankara, Türkiye.
  • 25-Anonim. Çorlu Bölgesindeki, Çevre Bileşenlerinde İz Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğinin Grafit Fırınlı Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi İle Belirlenmesi (2005-2008). Trakya University Research Project TUBAP-720, Edirne, Türkiye, 2010.
  • 26- T.C. Edirne Valiliği İl Çevre ve Orman Müdürlüğü. Ergene Analiz Raporu. 2009 ve 2010, Edirne, Türkiye, 2010. 220
  • 27-Arkoc O. Heavy Metal Concentrations of Groundwater in the East of Ergene Basin, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2014;93(4):429–433.
  • 28-Sungur A, Soylak M, Yilmaz S, Özcan H. Determination of heavy metals in sediments of the Ergene River by BCR sequential extraction method. Environ Earth Sci 2014;72:3293–3305.
  • 29-Hallı M, Sarı E, Kurt M.A. Assessment of Arsenic and Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Sediments of the Ergene River, Turkey. Pol J Environ Stud 2014;23(5):1581-1590.
  • 30- Erol S, Cukrov N, Francˇisˇkovic B.S, Kurt M.A, Halli M. Contamination assessment of ecotoxicmetals in recent sediments from the Ergene River, Turkey. Environ Earth Sci 2016; 75:1051.
  • 31-Dokmeci A.H, Yildiz T, Ongen A, Sivri N. Heavy metal concentration in deepwater rose shrimp species (Parapenaeuslongirostris, Lucas, 1846) collected from the Marmara Sea Coast in Tekirdağ. Environ Monit Assess 2014;186:2449–2454.
  • 32-Demirkol O, Aktaş N. A Search On Heavy Metal Accumulation In Scads Caught In The Gulf Of İzmit and off Tekirdag Province In The Sea Of Marmara. Pamukkale Univ Muh Bilim Derg 2002;8(2):205-209
  • 33-World Health Organization (WHO). Preventing disease through heal thy environments.http://www.who.int/quantifying_himpacts/publications/preventingdisease.pdf. Available at 17.09.2016.
  • 34-Inci O, Gülyaşar T, Yolal M, Cakina S, Sut N. Endüstriyel atıklarla ağır derecede kirlenen Ergene Nehri çevresinde yaşayan Ürogenital tümörlü olguların tırnaklarında bazı ağır metallerin araştırılması. 11. Üroonkoloji Kongresi. Bildiri özetleri kitabı. 2013a; 467-468.
  • 35-Inci, O, Yolal M, Gülyaşar T, et.al. Ergene nehri çevresinde ve diğer yerleşimlerde yaşayan böbrek tümörlü olguların kan ve böbreğin normal ve tümörlü dokularında bazı ağır metallerin araştırılması, nehir kirliliği ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. 11. Üroonkoloji Kongresi. Bildiri özetleri kitabı 2013b;57-58.
  • 36- Yolal M. Investigation of Relationshıp With Heavy Metals and River Pollutıon at Tumor Tissue and Normal Epithelial, Blood Serum of Patients With Urogenital Tumor that Live Near Ergene Riverand TurkishTrace. Trakya University. Uzmanlık Tezi. Edirne-2014.
  • 37- Yorulmaz F, Berberoğlu U, Sayhan ES, Eskiocak M, Gamze K. Endüstri yoğun bölgede yaşayanlarda ya da birinci derecede yakınlarında kanser bildirenlerin çevresel risk etmenlerine göre değerlendirilmesi: Çorlu örneği. 15. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongresi Özet Kitabı, Bursa, 2012:730.
  • 38- Türk Tabipleri Birliği Dilovası Raporu. Ankara: Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları, 2012.
  • 39- Martin S, Griswold W. Human Health Effects of Heavy Metals. Center for Hazardous Substance Research. 2009;15.
  • 40-ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Toxic substances Portal. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/toxsubstance.asp?toxid=22 Available at: 23.12.2016.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Report
Authors

Ayşe Handan Dokmeci

Publication Date January 5, 2018
Submission Date March 14, 2016
Acceptance Date March 5, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Dokmeci, A. H. (2018). Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a public health perspective. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 15(3), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.375342
AMA Dokmeci AH. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a public health perspective. TJPH. January 2018;15(3):212-221. doi:10.20518/tjph.375342
Chicago Dokmeci, Ayşe Handan. “Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a Public Health Perspective”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 15, no. 3 (January 2018): 212-21. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.375342.
EndNote Dokmeci AH (January 1, 2018) Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a public health perspective. Turkish Journal of Public Health 15 3 212–221.
IEEE A. H. Dokmeci, “Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a public health perspective”, TJPH, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 212–221, 2018, doi: 10.20518/tjph.375342.
ISNAD Dokmeci, Ayşe Handan. “Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a Public Health Perspective”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 15/3 (January 2018), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.375342.
JAMA Dokmeci AH. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a public health perspective. TJPH. 2018;15:212–221.
MLA Dokmeci, Ayşe Handan. “Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a Public Health Perspective”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 15, no. 3, 2018, pp. 212-21, doi:10.20518/tjph.375342.
Vancouver Dokmeci AH. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the Ergene River Basin from a public health perspective. TJPH. 2018;15(3):212-21.

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