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Rethinking LGBTI+ health through reflections on web-based research

Year 2018, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 106 - 116, 08.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458350

Abstract

Objective: Although 5 to 10% of the world's population is estimated to consist of lesbian, gay,
bisexual, transgender, intersex and individuals with other minority sexual orientations
(LGBTI+), they still face significant challenges accessing health care. With this web-based study,
we aim to present data on their health status and shed light on the difficulties that LGBTI+
populations living in Turkey face in accessing healthcare services. Method: This descriptive
study was prepared as a web-based questionnaire to collect information on demographic
attributes and healthcare specific challenges LGBTI+ communities experience. The
questionnaire was disseminated via different social media networks. 278 LGBTI+ individuals
met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. The data was analysed using the SPSS
software package. Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases, mental disorders, alcohol use,
smoking and substance abuse in the survey was found to be higher than average in the LGBT+
community. Of the respondents, 67.3% stated that they did not disclose their sexual orientation
and gender identity to health professionals. 25.2% of the respondents had experienced
discrimination or similar unpleasant attitudes within institutions, a majority of which were state
hospitals, when they disclosed their sexual orientation or gender identities. Of these attitudes,
20,9% reported direct discrimination from physicians and 92.8% of the respondents indicated
the need for LGBTI-friendly health institutions. Conclusions: The findings of this research
highlight the need for LGBTI+-friendly health institutions to fight against discrimination and
serve as a tool for health promotion. Intensified involvement of public health professionals in
these issues is needed.

References

  • 1- Coffmann KB, Coffman LC, Marzilli Ericson KM. The Size of the LGBT Population and the Magnitude of Antigay Sentiment Are Substantially Underestimated. Management Science 2016; doi: 10.3386/w19508. 2- Editorial. Meeting the unique health-care needs of LGBTQ people. The Lancet 2016; 387:95. 3- European Commission. Health4LGBTI: Reducing Health Inequalities Experienced by LGBTI People. 2017 European Union. 4- Snowdon S. Medical Education: The Medical School Curriculum and LGBT Health Concerns. American Medical Association Journal of Ethics, 2010;8:638643. 5- Avinder K. Deol and Alicia Heath-Toby. HIV Risk for Lesbians, Bisexuals & Other Women Who Have Sex With Women. Gay Men’s Health Crisis. 2009. (Erişim tarihi: 04/05/2018). 6- Frisch M, Brønnum-Hansen H. Mortality Among Men and Women in Same-Sex Marriage: A National Cohort Study of 8333 Danes. Am J Pub Health. 2009;99(1):133-137. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.133801. 7- Sell RL, Becker JB. Sexual orientation data collection and progress toward Healthy People 2010. Am J Pub Health. 2001; 91(6): 876-82. 8- Wallick MM, Cambre KM, Townsend MH. How the topic of homosexuality is taught at U.S. medical schools. Acad Med. 1992; 67(9):601-3. 9- Brooks H, Llewellyn CD, Nadarzynski T, Pelloso FC, De Souza Guilherme F,Pollard A, Jones CJ. Sexual Orientation Disclosure In Health Care: A Systematic Review. British Journal of General Practice. 2018; 68(668):e187-e196. doi: 10.3399/bjgp18X694841. 10- Yılmaz V. Yurttaşlığı Açmak: LGBT Bireyler ve Sosyal Politikalar. Kültür ve Siyasette Feminist Yaklaşımlar. 2012; 17: 73-92. 11- Snelgrove JW, Jasudavisius AM, Rowe BW, Head EM, Bauer GR. Completely out-atsea’ with ‘two-gender medicine’: A qualitative analysis of physician-side barriers to providing healthcare for transgender patients. BMC Health Services Research. 2012; 12:110. 12- Daniel H, Butkus R. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Disparities: Executive Summary of a Policy Position Paper from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2015; 163(2): 135-7 (ilave appendix). 13- Obedin-Maliver J, Goldsmith ES, Stewart L, White W, Tran E, Brenman S, Wells M, Fetterman DM, Garcia G, Lunn MR. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenderrelated content in undergraduate medical education. JAMA. 2011; 306(9): 971-7. 14- Yılmaz V, Göçmen İ. Denied Citizens of Turkey: Experiences of Discrimination among LGBT Individuals in Employment, Housing and Health Care. Gender, Work & Organization. 2016; 23(5): 470-88. 15- Karabey S. ve ark. Tıp Eğitimi ve Ayrımcılık. Yayınlanmamış Proje Raporu. 16- Drexel University Program for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health. GayData.org Web site. (bkz http://www.gaydata.org Erişim tarihi: 20/07/2010) 17- KAOS GL. Cinsel Yönelim ve Cinsiyet Temelli İnsan Hakları İzleme Raporu. Ankara. 2016. (bkz. https://aciktoplumvakfi.org.tr/Dosy alar/Yayinlar/DesteklenenYayinlar/ lgbt__insan_haklari__raporu_kaosgl_ 2016_eylul(1).pdf erişim tarihi: 04/02/2018). 18- Biçmen Z, Bekiroğulları Z. Social Problems of LGBT People in Turkey. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 113: 224-33. 19- Engin C. LGBT in Turkey: Policies and Experiences. Social Sciences. 2015; 4: 838-58. 20- Kılıçaslan SC, Akkuş P. Türkiye’de Heteropatriarkal Sistemin Baskısı Altında LGBTİ’lerin Sosyal Hizmet İhtiyaçları. Eğitim Bilim Toplum. 2017; 14(56): 28-54. 21- Göçmen İ, Yılmaz V. Exploring Perceived Discrimination among LGBT Individuals in Turkey in Education, Employment, and Health Care: Results of an Online Survey. Journal of Homosexuality. 2017; 64(8): 1052-68. 22- Türk Tabipleri Birliği-TTB. Hekimler için LGBTİ Sağlığı. Anakara: TTB Yayınları. 2016. (pdf olarak bkz. https://www.ttb.org.tr/kutuphane/l gbti_sagligi.pdf; erişim tarihi: 28/07/2017). 23- KAOS GL. Sağlık Bakanlığı için LGBT Hakları El Kitabı. Ankara. 2016. (pdf olarak bkz. http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/resi m/yayin/dl/icisleri_bakanligi_icin_lg bt_haklari_el_kitabi.pdf, erişim tarihi: 28/07/2017). 24- LGBTI. 2015. (http://fra.europa.eu/en/theme/lgb ti; erişim tairihi: 30/07/2017). 25- QuickStats: Percentage of Young Adults Aged 18-29 Years with Selected Chronic Conditions, by Sex. National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005-2007. 2009. (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5825a3.htm ; erişim tarihi: 25/07/2017) 26- Daulaire N. The Importance of LGBT Health on a Global Scale. LGBT Health. 2014; 1(1): 8-9. 27- OECD. Health at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators (s: 68 ve 71). 2015. (bkz: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/ documents/s22177en/s22177en.pd f; erişim tarihi: 30/07/2017) 28- OECD. Data: Alcohol Consumption. 2017. (bkz: https://data.oecd.org/healthrisk/alc ohol-consumption.htm; erişim tarihi: 30/12/2017) 29- Diamant AL, Schuster MA, Lever J. Receipt of preventive health care services by lesbians. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2000; 19(3): 141-8 30- Petroll AE, Mosack KE. Physician awareness of sexual orientation and preventive health recommendations to men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2011; 38(1): 63-7. 31- Tracy JK, Schluterman NH, Greenberg DR. Understanding cervical cancer screening among lesbians: a national survey. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13(442).

Web tabanlı bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı

Year 2018, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 106 - 116, 08.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458350

Abstract

Amaç: Dünya nüfusunun %5 ila %10’u arasında olduğu düşünülen lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans, interseks ve diğer (LGBTİ+) cinsel yönelimdeki bireyler, sağlık hizmetlerine erişim konusunda önemli zorluklar yaşamaktadır. Web-tabanlı olarak tasarlanan bu çalışma Türkiye’de yaşayan LGBTİ+ nüfusun sağlık durumları ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimde yaşadığı zorluklara ışık tutmak için yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı bir araştırma olarak planlanmış bu çalışmada temel demografik veriler ve sağlık hizmeti özelinde yaşanan zorlukları anlayabilmek için webtabanlı bir anket hazırlanmış ve anket, sosyal medya üzerinden duyurulmuştur. Araştırmanın kabul kriterlerine uygun 278 LGBTİ+ birey araştırmaya katılmış ve veriler SPSS ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmada kronik hastalıklar, mental bozukluklar, alkol, sigara ve keyif verici maddelerin kullanımı LGBTİ+ nüfusta, toplum ortalamasının üzerinde bulunmuştur. Araştırmaya katılanların %67.3’ü cinsel yönelimi ve cinsiyet kimliğini sağlık çalışanlarına söylemediğini, %25.3’ü başta devlet hastaneleri olmak üzere sağlık kurumlarında cinsel yönelim ya da cinsiyet kimlikleri nedeniyle ayrımcılık veya benzer bir olumsuz tavırla karşılaştığını ve %20.9’u olumsuz tavrı en fazla hekimlerden gördüğünü ifade etmiştir. Katılımcıların %92.8’i LGBTİ+-dostu sağlık kurumlarına olan ihtiyacı dile getirmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmanın bulguları, koruyucu hekimliğin gereği olarak cinsiyet kimliği temelli ayrımcılıkla mücadele ve toplum sağlığının geliştirmesinde, LGBTİ+-dostu sağlık kurumlarına duyulan ihtiyaca ve halk sağlıkçılarının daha etkin sorumluk almaları gereğine dikkat çekmektedir. 

References

  • 1- Coffmann KB, Coffman LC, Marzilli Ericson KM. The Size of the LGBT Population and the Magnitude of Antigay Sentiment Are Substantially Underestimated. Management Science 2016; doi: 10.3386/w19508. 2- Editorial. Meeting the unique health-care needs of LGBTQ people. The Lancet 2016; 387:95. 3- European Commission. Health4LGBTI: Reducing Health Inequalities Experienced by LGBTI People. 2017 European Union. 4- Snowdon S. Medical Education: The Medical School Curriculum and LGBT Health Concerns. American Medical Association Journal of Ethics, 2010;8:638643. 5- Avinder K. Deol and Alicia Heath-Toby. HIV Risk for Lesbians, Bisexuals & Other Women Who Have Sex With Women. Gay Men’s Health Crisis. 2009. (Erişim tarihi: 04/05/2018). 6- Frisch M, Brønnum-Hansen H. Mortality Among Men and Women in Same-Sex Marriage: A National Cohort Study of 8333 Danes. Am J Pub Health. 2009;99(1):133-137. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.133801. 7- Sell RL, Becker JB. Sexual orientation data collection and progress toward Healthy People 2010. Am J Pub Health. 2001; 91(6): 876-82. 8- Wallick MM, Cambre KM, Townsend MH. How the topic of homosexuality is taught at U.S. medical schools. Acad Med. 1992; 67(9):601-3. 9- Brooks H, Llewellyn CD, Nadarzynski T, Pelloso FC, De Souza Guilherme F,Pollard A, Jones CJ. Sexual Orientation Disclosure In Health Care: A Systematic Review. British Journal of General Practice. 2018; 68(668):e187-e196. doi: 10.3399/bjgp18X694841. 10- Yılmaz V. Yurttaşlığı Açmak: LGBT Bireyler ve Sosyal Politikalar. Kültür ve Siyasette Feminist Yaklaşımlar. 2012; 17: 73-92. 11- Snelgrove JW, Jasudavisius AM, Rowe BW, Head EM, Bauer GR. Completely out-atsea’ with ‘two-gender medicine’: A qualitative analysis of physician-side barriers to providing healthcare for transgender patients. BMC Health Services Research. 2012; 12:110. 12- Daniel H, Butkus R. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Disparities: Executive Summary of a Policy Position Paper from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2015; 163(2): 135-7 (ilave appendix). 13- Obedin-Maliver J, Goldsmith ES, Stewart L, White W, Tran E, Brenman S, Wells M, Fetterman DM, Garcia G, Lunn MR. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenderrelated content in undergraduate medical education. JAMA. 2011; 306(9): 971-7. 14- Yılmaz V, Göçmen İ. Denied Citizens of Turkey: Experiences of Discrimination among LGBT Individuals in Employment, Housing and Health Care. Gender, Work & Organization. 2016; 23(5): 470-88. 15- Karabey S. ve ark. Tıp Eğitimi ve Ayrımcılık. Yayınlanmamış Proje Raporu. 16- Drexel University Program for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health. GayData.org Web site. (bkz http://www.gaydata.org Erişim tarihi: 20/07/2010) 17- KAOS GL. Cinsel Yönelim ve Cinsiyet Temelli İnsan Hakları İzleme Raporu. Ankara. 2016. (bkz. https://aciktoplumvakfi.org.tr/Dosy alar/Yayinlar/DesteklenenYayinlar/ lgbt__insan_haklari__raporu_kaosgl_ 2016_eylul(1).pdf erişim tarihi: 04/02/2018). 18- Biçmen Z, Bekiroğulları Z. Social Problems of LGBT People in Turkey. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 113: 224-33. 19- Engin C. LGBT in Turkey: Policies and Experiences. Social Sciences. 2015; 4: 838-58. 20- Kılıçaslan SC, Akkuş P. Türkiye’de Heteropatriarkal Sistemin Baskısı Altında LGBTİ’lerin Sosyal Hizmet İhtiyaçları. Eğitim Bilim Toplum. 2017; 14(56): 28-54. 21- Göçmen İ, Yılmaz V. Exploring Perceived Discrimination among LGBT Individuals in Turkey in Education, Employment, and Health Care: Results of an Online Survey. Journal of Homosexuality. 2017; 64(8): 1052-68. 22- Türk Tabipleri Birliği-TTB. Hekimler için LGBTİ Sağlığı. Anakara: TTB Yayınları. 2016. (pdf olarak bkz. https://www.ttb.org.tr/kutuphane/l gbti_sagligi.pdf; erişim tarihi: 28/07/2017). 23- KAOS GL. Sağlık Bakanlığı için LGBT Hakları El Kitabı. Ankara. 2016. (pdf olarak bkz. http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/resi m/yayin/dl/icisleri_bakanligi_icin_lg bt_haklari_el_kitabi.pdf, erişim tarihi: 28/07/2017). 24- LGBTI. 2015. (http://fra.europa.eu/en/theme/lgb ti; erişim tairihi: 30/07/2017). 25- QuickStats: Percentage of Young Adults Aged 18-29 Years with Selected Chronic Conditions, by Sex. National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005-2007. 2009. (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5825a3.htm ; erişim tarihi: 25/07/2017) 26- Daulaire N. The Importance of LGBT Health on a Global Scale. LGBT Health. 2014; 1(1): 8-9. 27- OECD. Health at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators (s: 68 ve 71). 2015. (bkz: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/ documents/s22177en/s22177en.pd f; erişim tarihi: 30/07/2017) 28- OECD. Data: Alcohol Consumption. 2017. (bkz: https://data.oecd.org/healthrisk/alc ohol-consumption.htm; erişim tarihi: 30/12/2017) 29- Diamant AL, Schuster MA, Lever J. Receipt of preventive health care services by lesbians. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2000; 19(3): 141-8 30- Petroll AE, Mosack KE. Physician awareness of sexual orientation and preventive health recommendations to men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2011; 38(1): 63-7. 31- Tracy JK, Schluterman NH, Greenberg DR. Understanding cervical cancer screening among lesbians: a national survey. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13(442).
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Yeşim Yasin

M. Müjde Çebi This is me

İpek Şapçı This is me

Publication Date September 8, 2018
Submission Date October 5, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yasin, Y., Çebi, M. M., & Şapçı, İ. (2018). Web tabanlı bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 16(2), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458350
AMA Yasin Y, Çebi MM, Şapçı İ. Web tabanlı bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı. TJPH. September 2018;16(2):106-116. doi:10.20518/tjph.458350
Chicago Yasin, Yeşim, M. Müjde Çebi, and İpek Şapçı. “Web Tabanlı Bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 16, no. 2 (September 2018): 106-16. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458350.
EndNote Yasin Y, Çebi MM, Şapçı İ (September 1, 2018) Web tabanlı bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı. Turkish Journal of Public Health 16 2 106–116.
IEEE Y. Yasin, M. M. Çebi, and İ. Şapçı, “Web tabanlı bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı”, TJPH, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 106–116, 2018, doi: 10.20518/tjph.458350.
ISNAD Yasin, Yeşim et al. “Web Tabanlı Bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 16/2 (September 2018), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.458350.
JAMA Yasin Y, Çebi MM, Şapçı İ. Web tabanlı bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı. TJPH. 2018;16:106–116.
MLA Yasin, Yeşim et al. “Web Tabanlı Bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 16, no. 2, 2018, pp. 106-1, doi:10.20518/tjph.458350.
Vancouver Yasin Y, Çebi MM, Şapçı İ. Web tabanlı bir araştırmanın düşündürdükleri üzerinden LGBTİ+ sağlığı. TJPH. 2018;16(2):106-1.

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