Tıp, hemşirelik ve sağlık meslek yüksekokulu öğrencileri Hepatit B’den korunuyor mu: Hatay’dan kesitsel bir çalışma, Türkiye

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 38 - 49, 30.04.2019

Tacettin İnandı Nazan Savaş Ersin Peker Nizami Duran Hande Harmancı

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.403136

Abstract

Amaç:  Hepatit B önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur
ve sağlık çalışanları dahil pek çok grup hepatit B açısından risk altındadır.
Bu çalışmada tıp, hemşirelik ve sağlık meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin
anti-hepatit B antikor düzeylerini ve iğne batması sıklığını belirlemek
amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmanın
evreni ve örneklemi 2015 yılında Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp, Hemşirelik ve
Sağlık Meslek Yüksek Okulu ilk ve son sınıfında okuyan 973 öğrencidir.
Öğrencilerden % 63’üne ulaşılabildi ve bunların % 67.7’sinden kan örneği
alındı. Serum örneklerindeki hepatit B yüzey antikoru değerleri “enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay”  yöntemiyle
çalışıldı, antikor titresi 10 mIU/mL üzeri pozitif kabul edildi. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması
ve standart sapması 20.9±2.7 olup % 68.5’i kadın idi. Anti-HBs pozitifliği %
54.5 olarak elde edildi. Anti-HBs pozitifliğindeki farklılık cinsiyet, yaş
grubu ve okul açısından farksız iken, aşılı olanlarda diğerlerine göre daha
yüksek idi (p<0.05). Katılımcıların % 29.0’unda iğne batması öyküsü vardı.
En yüksek sıklık sağlık acil ve anestezi bölümü öğrencilerinde idi
(p<0.001). Son sınıf öğrencilerinde iğne batması daha sık gözlendi. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin yaklaşık yarısında
anti-HBs negatiftir ve çalışma ortamında yaralanma riskleri yüksektir. Buna
karşın hepatit B’den korunmak amacı ile staj yapmakta olan öğrenciler için açık
bir politika yoktur. Sağlık kuruluşlarında staj yapan öğrencileri işyeri
risklerinden koruyacak bir politika gereklidir.  

Keywords

Hepatit B Antikor, sağlık meslekleri öğrencileri, iğne batması, sağlık politikası

Are the students in medicine, nursing and allied health higher schools protected from Hepatitis B: A cross-sectional study from Hatay, Turkey

Abstract

Aim:  Hepatitis B is
an important public health problem and many groups, including health workers,
are at risk for hepatitis B.  We aimed to
determine the hepatitis B surface antibody levels and frequency of needlestick
injury among health occupations students. Method: The study population and sample were 973
students in Mustafa Kemal University, Medical, Nursing and Health Vocational
High School in 2015. Of the students, %63 were reached, and 67.7% of them gave
blood samples. Anti-HB_S values were calculated by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay and an antibody titer over 10 mIU/mL was accepted as
positive. Results: The mean age was 20.9 ± 2.7 and 68.5% were female.
Anti-HBs positivity was 54.5%, and 37.3% of the vaccinated group was still
anti-HB_S negative. The difference in anti-hepatitis B positivity was
not significant in terms of sex, age group and school, but it was higher in
vaccinated students than in others (p <0.05). 29.0% of participants had a
history of needle-stick injury. The highest percentage was in health emergency
and anaesthesia departments (p <0.001). Needle-stick injury was observed
more often in senior students.

Conclusion: Approximately half of the students were
negative in terms of anti-HBs and injury risk at working places is extremely
high. However, there is no clear hepatitis B policy for the students.  There is a policy need for all students in
healthcare settings.

Keywords

health policy, Hepatitis B antibodies, health occupations students, needle-stick injury, immunization history

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