Still Blurred: Sex and Gender Based Medicine Approach

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 350 - 361, 29.12.2019

Yesim Yasin , Erkin Aydemir İrem Şevik Ezgi Özyalçın

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.480627

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Sex and gender based medicine is a relatively new area of interest.
Studies concerning this topic have started to emerge quite recently, only since
the beginning of the 2000’s.  It has
become popular both in the United States and Europe and has been
institutionalized in many universities. 
Sex and gender based medicine is an approach that attempts to show how
diseases and other medical conditions differ between men and women in terms of
epidemiology, prognosis, prevention, treatment and outcomes: all considerations
which have been ignored or overlooked by traditional medical approaches for a
long time.  Research has clearly put
forward how the lack of this perspective can be detrimental to the health of
women in particular.  Cardiology is one
of the leading specialties through which this approach is epitomized.  This article aims to introduce this distinct
area in medicine to Turkish academia and attempts to review the basic
contributions of sex and gender based approach to medicine and public health.
The article also seeks to underline differences between this approach and
personalized medicine and provide suggestions about research prospects.

Keywords

toplumsal cinsiyet, kardiyoloji, kadın sağlığı

Hâlâ Göremediklerimiz: Cinsiyet ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Temelli Tıp Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyet
temelli tıp, 2000’li yılların başından itibaren üzerinde çalışılmaya başlayan
görece yeni bir alandır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve kıta Avrupası’ndan
birçok ülkede ilgi görmüş, birçok üniversitede kurumsallaşmıştır. Cinsiyet ve
toplumsal cinsiyet temelli tıp yaklaşımı geleneksel tıbbın uzun bir zamandır
gör(e)mediği bir konuya, hastalıkların ve diğer tıbbi durumların epidemiyoloji,
prognoz, koruma, tedavi ve sonuçlar açısından kadına ve erkeğe göre nasıl
farklılaşabildiğini göstermeye çalışır. 
Araştırmalar, bu perspektifin ihmal edilmesinin özellikle kadınların
sağlığı açısından ne kadar tehlikeli sonuçlarının olabileceğini açıkça ortaya
koymuştur.  Kardiyoloji, bu alanda en
fazla öne çıkmış uzmanlıklardan biridir. Bu makale tıbbın bu özellikli alanı
Türkiye akademyasına tanıtmak ve cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyet temelli tıp
yaklaşımın tıbba ve halk sağlığına yaptığı temel katkıları ele almayı
amaçlamaktadır. Makalede, kişiye özel tıp yaklaşımının farklarının da altı
çizilecek ve yapılabilecek çalışmalarla ilgili birkaç öneri yer alacaktır.   

Keywords

tolumsal cinsiyet, kardiyoloji, kadın sağlığı

References

• 1. Legato M (2003) “Beyond women’s health: The new disciple of gender-specific medicine”, Medical Clinics of North America, 88: 917-37.2. Morris M (1999) “Shaping Women’s Health Research: Scope and Methodologies.” (online) Available at: https://cdn.dal.ca/content/dam/dalhousie/pdf/diff/ace-women-health/ACEWH_shaping_womens_health_research.pdf (erişim tarihi: 21.10.2018).3. Pinn VW (2017) “A View of the History of Sex/Gender Medicine in the United States”, The International Society of Gender Medicine: History and Highlights, editörler: Marianne J. Legato ve Marek Glezerman, Academic Press. (Kitap bölümü)4. Regitz-Zagrosek, V. Why do we need gender medicine? in Oertelt-Prigione S, Regitz-Zagrosek V, editors. Sex and Gender Aspects in Clinical Medicine. 1st ed. Springer London; 2012, s: 1-5. 5. Hochleitner, M., Nachtschatt, U., Siller, H. (2013). How Do We Get Gender Medicine Into Medical Education? Health Care for Women International. 2013; 34(1): 3–13. 6. Pope JH, Aufderheide TP, Ruthazer R, et al. Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342(16):1163-1170.7. Dey S, Flather MD, Devlin G, et al. Sex-related differences in the presentation, treatment and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Heart. 2009; 95(1): 20-26.8. Kark JD, Sandholzer C, Friedlander Y, Utermann G. Plasma Lp(a), apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and acute myocardial infarction in men and women: a case-control study in the Jerusalem population. Atherosclerosis. 1993; 98(2): 139- 1519. Tobin JN, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Wexler JP, et al. Sex bias in considering coronary bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 107(1): 19-25.10. Crilly M, Bundred P, Hu X, Leckey L, Johnstone F. Gender differences in the clinical management of patients with angina pectoris: a cross-sectional survey in primary care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007; 7: 142.11. Bugiardini R, Bairey Merz CN. Angina with “normal” coro- nary arteries: a changing philosophy. JAMA. 2005; 293(4): 477-484.12. Von Mering GO, Arant CB, Wessel TR, et al. Abnormal coro- nary vasomotion as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular events in women: results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Circulation. 2004; 109(6): 722-725.13. Buchthal SD, den Hollander JA, Merz CN, et al. Abnormal myocardial phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coro- nary angiograms. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342(12): 829-835.14. Rosano GM, Lewis B, Agewall S, et al. Gender differences in the effect of cardiovascular drugs: a position document of the Working Group on Pharmacology and Drug Therapy of the ESC. European Heart Journal. 2015; 36(40): 2677–2680. 15. Moylan CA, Brady CW, Johnson JL, Smith AD, Tuttle- Newhall JE, Muir AJ. Disparities in liver transplantation before and after introduction of the MELD score. JAMA. 2008; 300: 2371-2378.16. Chen EH, Shofer FS, Dean AJ, et al. Gender disparity in analgesic treatment of emergency department patients with acute abdominal pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2008; 15(5): 414-8.17. Paller C. J., Campbell C. M., Edwards R. R., Dobs A. S. Sex-Based Differences in Pain Perception and Treatment. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2009; 10(2): 289–299.18. Marek Glezerman. Gender Medicine: The Groundbreaking New Science of Gender- and Sex-Related Diagnosis and Treatment. 1st ed, New York, Peter Mayer Publishers. 2016: 169.19. Addis, M. E. Gender and Depression in Men. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2008; 15(3): 153–168. 20. Marek Glezerman. Gender Medicine: The Groundbreaking New Science of Gender- and Sex-Related Diagnosis and Treatment. 1st ed, New York, Peter Mayer Publishers. 2016, s.205.21. Ovseiko PV, Greenhalgh T, Adam P, Grant J, Hinrichs-Krapels S ve ark. A global call for action to include gender in research impact assessment. Health Res Policy Syst. 2016; 14:50.22. Craner JR, Sigmon ST & McGillicuddy ML. Does a Disconnect Occur Between Research and Practice for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) Diagnostic Procedures?, Women & Health 2014, 54(3): 232-244.23. Marek Glezerman. Gender Medicine: The Groundbreaking New Science of Gender- and Sex-Related Diagnosis and Treatment. 1st ed, New York, Peter Mayer Publishers. 2016, s.43.