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Ebeveynlerde yaşama iyimserlikle yönelme ve umut düzeyleri ile sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi ilişkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 129 - 140, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.563057

Abstract

Amaç: Hayata iyimserlik ve umutla yaklaşmak, kişinin psikolojik iyiliğini ve yaşam kalitesini artıracaktır. Çalışmada, erişkin yaş grubunda yaşama iyimserlikle yönelme ve umut düzeylerinin, fiziksel ve ruhsal alanlarda sağlıkta yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki çalışma Eskişehir ilinde 3 ilkokulda 674 öğrencinin velilerinde gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmada veri toplamak amacıyla kapsamlı literatür taramasından sonra 4 bölümden oluşan anket form oluşturuldu. Birinci bölüm ebeveynlerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini/öz-soygeçmiş özelliklerini, ikinci bölüm sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi ölçeği “Short Form 12 (SF-12)”, üçüncü bölüm “Yaşam Yönelim Testi’nin (YYT)” ve dördüncü bölüm ise “Sürekli Umut Ölçeği” sorularını içermekteydi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis ve çoklu lineer regresyon analizleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Yaşları 24-55 arasında değişmekte olup ortalama±SD 36.23±4.49 yıl idi. Sağlıkta yaşam kalitesi Fiziksel Bileşen Özet Skor’dan aldıkları puanlar 25.0-63.2 arasında değişmekte olup ortanca değeri 50.5 iken, Mental Bileşen Özet Skor’dan aldıkları puanlar 15.6-66.3 arasında değişmekte olup ortanca değeri 49.5 idi. Umut duygulanımı ve iyimserliğin Mental sağlık üzerine etkisi daha fazla iken, iyimserliğin umuda göre etkisinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Her iki ölçek birlikte regresyon modeline alındığında ise Yaşam yönelim testi ölçeğinin fiziksel sağlık üzerindeki etkisi ortadan kalktı, sürekli umut ölçeğinin etkisi devam etmekteydi. Sonuç: İyimserlik ve umut sağlık durumuyla yakından ilişkilidir. Genel sağlıklı gruplarda sağlığın korunması için iyimserlik ve umut duyguları, olumsuz duygu ve kognisyonlardan uzak olma eğilimini yansıtacaktır. Yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi için sağlığın korunmasında iyimserlik ve umut duygulanımlarının kişilerin yaşamının bir parçası haline getirilmesinin önemli olduğu kanaatine varıldı.

References

  • 1. Harris P, Middleton W. The illusion of control and optimism about health: On being less at risk but no more in control than others. Br J Soc Psychol. 1994;33(4):369-86. PMID: 7842244; doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01035.x.
  • 2. Scheier MF, Carver CS. Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychol. 1985;4(3):219-47. PMID: 4029106;doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.4.3.219.
  • 3. Chang EC, D'Zurilla TJ, Maydeu-Olivares A. Assessing the dimensionality of optimism and pessimism using a multimeasure approach. Cognit Ther Res. 1994;18(2):143-60. doi: 10.1007/BF02357221. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02357221. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 4. Uchmanowicz I, Gobbens RJ. The relationship between frailty, anxiety and depression, and health-related quality of life in elderly patients with heart failure. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1595-1600. PMID: 26491276; doi: 10.2147/CIA.S90077
  • 5. Kepka, S., Baumann, C., Anota, A., et al. The relationship between traits optimism and anxiety and health-related quality of life in patients hospitalized for chronic diseases: data from the SATISQOL study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11:134. PMID: 23914779; doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-134.
  • 6. Bailey TC, Eng W, Frisch MB, Snyder C. Hope and optimism as related to life satisfaction. J Posit Psychol. 2007;2(3):168-75. doi: 10.1080/17439760701409546.
  • 7. Snyder CR. Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychol Inq. 2002;13(4):249-75. Doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01.
  • 8. Dedeoğlu T, Özdevecioğlu M, Oflazer S. Örgütlerde Ise Gömülmüslügün (Job Embededness) Çalisanlarin Is Ve Yasam Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi: İyimserliğin Rolü 1. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016(47):135-46. Available from: http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/erciyesiibd/article/view/5000191519/5000167225. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 9. Kato T, Snyder CR. The relationship between hope and subjective well-being: Reliability and validity of the dispositional hope scale, Japanese version. Japanese Journal of Psychology. 2005;76(3):227-234. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.76.227. Available from: http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-13931-004. Accessed in 2018 (May 28).
  • 10. Bailey TC, Snyder CR. Satisfaction with life and hope: a look at age and marital status. Psychol Rec. 2007;57(2):233-40. doi: 10.1007/BF03395574.
  • 11. Cole S. Living in hope: Tourism and poverty alleviation in Flores. 2008. In: Burns PM, Novelli M, editors. Tourism Development: Growth, Myths and Inequalities. Oxford: CABI. ISBN: 9781845934255.
  • 12. Snyder CR, LaPointe AB, Jeffrey Crowson J, Early S. Preferences of high-and low-hope people for self-referential input. Cogn Emot. 1998;12(6):807-23. doi: 10.1080/026999398379448.
  • 13. Fitzgerald Miller J. Hope: a construct central to nursing. Nurs forum. 2007;42(1):12-19. PMID: 17257391; Doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6198.2007.00061.x.
  • 14. Martin MW. Happiness and virtue in positive psychology. J Theory Soc Behav. 2007;37(1):89-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5914.2007.00322.x. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2007.00322.x. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 15. Health-Related Quality of Life. HRQOL Concepts. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 16. Mier, N., Ory, MG., Zhan, D., Conkling, M., Sharkey, JR., & Burdine, JN. Health-related quality of life among Mexican Americans living in colonias at the Texas–Mexico border. Soc Sci Med. 2008;66(8):1760-71. PMID: 18261832; doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.12.017.
  • 17. Mugno, D., Ruta, L., D'Arrigo, V. G., & Mazzone, L. Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2007;5(1), 22
  • 18. Ministry of National Education, 12 Yıllık Zorunlu Eğitime Yönelik Uygulamalar, Genelge. Available from: http://www.meb.gov.tr/haberler/2012/12YillikZorunluEgitimeYonelikGenelge.pdf. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 19. National Education Statistics Formal Education 2016/'17. Available from: https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_09/08151328_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2016_2017.pdf. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 20. Ministry of National Education, 12 Yıl Zorunlu Eğitim, Sorular-Cevaplar. Available from: http://www.meb.gov.tr/duyurular/duyurular2012/12yil_soru_cevaplar.pdf Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 21. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2017. (2018, May 28). Retrivied from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=1590.
  • 22. Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220-33. PMID: 8628042.
  • 23. Tarhan S. & Bacanlı H. (2015) . Sürekli Umut Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of dispositional hope scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study]. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being. 3(1), 1-14 ISSN: 2147-561X. Retrieved from http://www.journalofhappiness.net/frontend/articles/pdf/v03i01/1.pdf .
  • 24. Snyder CR., Harris C., Anderson JR., et al. The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991;60(4):570-85. PMID: 2037968; doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570.
  • 25. Scheier ME, Carver CS. Dispositional optimism and physical well‐being: The influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. J Pers. 1987;55(2):169-210. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 26. Aydın G, Tezer E. İyimserlik, sağlık sorunları ve akademik başarı ilişkisi. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1991;7(26):2-9. Available from: http://www.turkpsikolojiyazilari.com/PDF/TPD/26/06.pdf. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 27. Yu, M., Tatalovich, Z., Gibson, J. T., & Cronin, K. A. (2014). Using a composite index of socioeconomic status to investigate health disparities while protecting the confidentiality of cancer registry data. Cancer Causes & Control. 2014;25(1):81-92. doi: 10.1007/s10552-013-0310-1.
  • 28. Ceran SÖ. The Role of Hope and Coping Styles in Optimism [ thesis]. Ankara: Middle East Technical University; 2013.
  • 29. Dursun P. The role of meaning in life, optimism, hope, and coping styles in subjective well-being [thesis]. Ankara: Middle East Technical University; 2012.
  • 30. Gallagher MW, Lopez SJ. Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. J Posit Psychol. 2009;4(6):548-56. doi: 10.1080/17439760903157166.
  • 31. Achat H, Kawachi I, Spiro A, DeMolles DA, Sparrow D. Optimism and depression as predictors of physical and mental health functioning: the Normative Aging Study. Ann Behav Med. 2000;22(2):127-30. PMID: 10962705; doi: 10.1007/BF02895776.
  • 32. Scheier MF, Carver CS, Bridges MW. Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994;67(6):1063. PMID: 7815302; doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063.
  • 33. Glaesmer H, Rief W, Martin A, et al. Psychometric properties and population‐based norms of the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT‐R). Br J Health Psychol. 2012;17(2):432-45. PMID: 22106985; doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02046.x.
  • 34. Lyrakos GN, Damigos D, Mavreas V, Georgia K, Dimoliatis ID. A translation and validation study of the Life Orientation Test Revised in the Greek speaking population of nurses among three hospitals in Athens and Ioannina. Soc Indic Res. 2010;95(1):129-42. doi: 10.1007/s11205-009-9453-6.
  • 35. Gündoğdu MH. Life Orientations among University Students [Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yaşam Yönelimi]. Eğitim ve Bilim. 2010;35(157):192-9. Available from: http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/425/165. Accessed in 2018 (May 25)
  • 36. Pappa E, Chatzikonstantinidou S, Chalkiopoulos G, Papadopoulos A, Niakas D. Health-related quality of life of the roma in greece: the role of socio-economic characteristics and housing conditions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(6):6669-81. PMID: 26075724; doi: 10.3390/ijerph120606669.

Assessment of the relationships between optimistic life orientation and hope levels and health-related quality of life in parents

Year 2020, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 129 - 140, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.563057

Abstract

Objective: Approaching life with optimism and hope will increase one’s psychological well-being and quality of life. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the association between optimism and hope levels in adults on health-related quality of life in physical and mental areas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at three different primary schools in Eskisehir with a sample of 674 parents of students. In order to collect data, a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts was formed after conducting a comprehensive literature review. The first part includes the sociodemographic characteristics of the parents, the second part of the health-related quality of life scale “Short Form 12 (SF-12)’’, the third part of the Life Orientation Test (LOT) and the fourth part ‘’Dispositional Hope Scale’’ questions. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression analyzes were used to evaluate the data. Results: The ages of participants ranged from 24 to 55 years, with a mean ± SD of 36.23 ± 4.49 years.The scores from the health-related quality of life Physical Component Summary (PCS) Score ranged from 25.0 to 63.2 with a median of 50.5, while the scores from the Mental Component Summary (MCS) Score ranged from 15.6 to 66.3 with a median of 49.5. When both scales were taken together into a regression model, the influence of the LOT on physical health disappeared, and the effect of the Dispositional Hope Scale continued. Conclusion: Optimism and hope are closely related to one’s state of health. In generally healthy groups, optimism and hope will reflect the tendency to stay
away from negative emotions and cognitions in order to protect one’s health. It was concluded that in order to improve one’s quality of life and health, it is important to make optimism and hopefulness a part of life.

References

  • 1. Harris P, Middleton W. The illusion of control and optimism about health: On being less at risk but no more in control than others. Br J Soc Psychol. 1994;33(4):369-86. PMID: 7842244; doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01035.x.
  • 2. Scheier MF, Carver CS. Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychol. 1985;4(3):219-47. PMID: 4029106;doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.4.3.219.
  • 3. Chang EC, D'Zurilla TJ, Maydeu-Olivares A. Assessing the dimensionality of optimism and pessimism using a multimeasure approach. Cognit Ther Res. 1994;18(2):143-60. doi: 10.1007/BF02357221. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02357221. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 4. Uchmanowicz I, Gobbens RJ. The relationship between frailty, anxiety and depression, and health-related quality of life in elderly patients with heart failure. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1595-1600. PMID: 26491276; doi: 10.2147/CIA.S90077
  • 5. Kepka, S., Baumann, C., Anota, A., et al. The relationship between traits optimism and anxiety and health-related quality of life in patients hospitalized for chronic diseases: data from the SATISQOL study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11:134. PMID: 23914779; doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-134.
  • 6. Bailey TC, Eng W, Frisch MB, Snyder C. Hope and optimism as related to life satisfaction. J Posit Psychol. 2007;2(3):168-75. doi: 10.1080/17439760701409546.
  • 7. Snyder CR. Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychol Inq. 2002;13(4):249-75. Doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01.
  • 8. Dedeoğlu T, Özdevecioğlu M, Oflazer S. Örgütlerde Ise Gömülmüslügün (Job Embededness) Çalisanlarin Is Ve Yasam Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi: İyimserliğin Rolü 1. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016(47):135-46. Available from: http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/erciyesiibd/article/view/5000191519/5000167225. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 9. Kato T, Snyder CR. The relationship between hope and subjective well-being: Reliability and validity of the dispositional hope scale, Japanese version. Japanese Journal of Psychology. 2005;76(3):227-234. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.76.227. Available from: http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-13931-004. Accessed in 2018 (May 28).
  • 10. Bailey TC, Snyder CR. Satisfaction with life and hope: a look at age and marital status. Psychol Rec. 2007;57(2):233-40. doi: 10.1007/BF03395574.
  • 11. Cole S. Living in hope: Tourism and poverty alleviation in Flores. 2008. In: Burns PM, Novelli M, editors. Tourism Development: Growth, Myths and Inequalities. Oxford: CABI. ISBN: 9781845934255.
  • 12. Snyder CR, LaPointe AB, Jeffrey Crowson J, Early S. Preferences of high-and low-hope people for self-referential input. Cogn Emot. 1998;12(6):807-23. doi: 10.1080/026999398379448.
  • 13. Fitzgerald Miller J. Hope: a construct central to nursing. Nurs forum. 2007;42(1):12-19. PMID: 17257391; Doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6198.2007.00061.x.
  • 14. Martin MW. Happiness and virtue in positive psychology. J Theory Soc Behav. 2007;37(1):89-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5914.2007.00322.x. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2007.00322.x. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 15. Health-Related Quality of Life. HRQOL Concepts. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 16. Mier, N., Ory, MG., Zhan, D., Conkling, M., Sharkey, JR., & Burdine, JN. Health-related quality of life among Mexican Americans living in colonias at the Texas–Mexico border. Soc Sci Med. 2008;66(8):1760-71. PMID: 18261832; doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.12.017.
  • 17. Mugno, D., Ruta, L., D'Arrigo, V. G., & Mazzone, L. Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2007;5(1), 22
  • 18. Ministry of National Education, 12 Yıllık Zorunlu Eğitime Yönelik Uygulamalar, Genelge. Available from: http://www.meb.gov.tr/haberler/2012/12YillikZorunluEgitimeYonelikGenelge.pdf. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 19. National Education Statistics Formal Education 2016/'17. Available from: https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_09/08151328_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2016_2017.pdf. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 20. Ministry of National Education, 12 Yıl Zorunlu Eğitim, Sorular-Cevaplar. Available from: http://www.meb.gov.tr/duyurular/duyurular2012/12yil_soru_cevaplar.pdf Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 21. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2017. (2018, May 28). Retrivied from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=1590.
  • 22. Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220-33. PMID: 8628042.
  • 23. Tarhan S. & Bacanlı H. (2015) . Sürekli Umut Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of dispositional hope scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study]. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being. 3(1), 1-14 ISSN: 2147-561X. Retrieved from http://www.journalofhappiness.net/frontend/articles/pdf/v03i01/1.pdf .
  • 24. Snyder CR., Harris C., Anderson JR., et al. The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991;60(4):570-85. PMID: 2037968; doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570.
  • 25. Scheier ME, Carver CS. Dispositional optimism and physical well‐being: The influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. J Pers. 1987;55(2):169-210. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 26. Aydın G, Tezer E. İyimserlik, sağlık sorunları ve akademik başarı ilişkisi. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1991;7(26):2-9. Available from: http://www.turkpsikolojiyazilari.com/PDF/TPD/26/06.pdf. Accessed in 2018 (May 25).
  • 27. Yu, M., Tatalovich, Z., Gibson, J. T., & Cronin, K. A. (2014). Using a composite index of socioeconomic status to investigate health disparities while protecting the confidentiality of cancer registry data. Cancer Causes & Control. 2014;25(1):81-92. doi: 10.1007/s10552-013-0310-1.
  • 28. Ceran SÖ. The Role of Hope and Coping Styles in Optimism [ thesis]. Ankara: Middle East Technical University; 2013.
  • 29. Dursun P. The role of meaning in life, optimism, hope, and coping styles in subjective well-being [thesis]. Ankara: Middle East Technical University; 2012.
  • 30. Gallagher MW, Lopez SJ. Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. J Posit Psychol. 2009;4(6):548-56. doi: 10.1080/17439760903157166.
  • 31. Achat H, Kawachi I, Spiro A, DeMolles DA, Sparrow D. Optimism and depression as predictors of physical and mental health functioning: the Normative Aging Study. Ann Behav Med. 2000;22(2):127-30. PMID: 10962705; doi: 10.1007/BF02895776.
  • 32. Scheier MF, Carver CS, Bridges MW. Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994;67(6):1063. PMID: 7815302; doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063.
  • 33. Glaesmer H, Rief W, Martin A, et al. Psychometric properties and population‐based norms of the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT‐R). Br J Health Psychol. 2012;17(2):432-45. PMID: 22106985; doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02046.x.
  • 34. Lyrakos GN, Damigos D, Mavreas V, Georgia K, Dimoliatis ID. A translation and validation study of the Life Orientation Test Revised in the Greek speaking population of nurses among three hospitals in Athens and Ioannina. Soc Indic Res. 2010;95(1):129-42. doi: 10.1007/s11205-009-9453-6.
  • 35. Gündoğdu MH. Life Orientations among University Students [Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yaşam Yönelimi]. Eğitim ve Bilim. 2010;35(157):192-9. Available from: http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/425/165. Accessed in 2018 (May 25)
  • 36. Pappa E, Chatzikonstantinidou S, Chalkiopoulos G, Papadopoulos A, Niakas D. Health-related quality of life of the roma in greece: the role of socio-economic characteristics and housing conditions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(6):6669-81. PMID: 26075724; doi: 10.3390/ijerph120606669.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Ece Elif Öcal

Hatice Aygar This is me

Emrah Atay

Gülsüm Öztürk Emiral

Muhammed Fatih Önsüz

Selma Metintaş

Publication Date August 31, 2020
Submission Date May 10, 2019
Acceptance Date March 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öcal, E. E., Aygar, H., Atay, E., Öztürk Emiral, G., et al. (2020). Assessment of the relationships between optimistic life orientation and hope levels and health-related quality of life in parents. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 18(2), 129-140. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.563057
AMA Öcal EE, Aygar H, Atay E, Öztürk Emiral G, Önsüz MF, Metintaş S. Assessment of the relationships between optimistic life orientation and hope levels and health-related quality of life in parents. TJPH. August 2020;18(2):129-140. doi:10.20518/tjph.563057
Chicago Öcal, Ece Elif, Hatice Aygar, Emrah Atay, Gülsüm Öztürk Emiral, Muhammed Fatih Önsüz, and Selma Metintaş. “Assessment of the Relationships Between Optimistic Life Orientation and Hope Levels and Health-Related Quality of Life in Parents”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18, no. 2 (August 2020): 129-40. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.563057.
EndNote Öcal EE, Aygar H, Atay E, Öztürk Emiral G, Önsüz MF, Metintaş S (August 1, 2020) Assessment of the relationships between optimistic life orientation and hope levels and health-related quality of life in parents. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18 2 129–140.
IEEE E. E. Öcal, H. Aygar, E. Atay, G. Öztürk Emiral, M. F. Önsüz, and S. Metintaş, “Assessment of the relationships between optimistic life orientation and hope levels and health-related quality of life in parents”, TJPH, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 129–140, 2020, doi: 10.20518/tjph.563057.
ISNAD Öcal, Ece Elif et al. “Assessment of the Relationships Between Optimistic Life Orientation and Hope Levels and Health-Related Quality of Life in Parents”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18/2 (August 2020), 129-140. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.563057.
JAMA Öcal EE, Aygar H, Atay E, Öztürk Emiral G, Önsüz MF, Metintaş S. Assessment of the relationships between optimistic life orientation and hope levels and health-related quality of life in parents. TJPH. 2020;18:129–140.
MLA Öcal, Ece Elif et al. “Assessment of the Relationships Between Optimistic Life Orientation and Hope Levels and Health-Related Quality of Life in Parents”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 18, no. 2, 2020, pp. 129-40, doi:10.20518/tjph.563057.
Vancouver Öcal EE, Aygar H, Atay E, Öztürk Emiral G, Önsüz MF, Metintaş S. Assessment of the relationships between optimistic life orientation and hope levels and health-related quality of life in parents. TJPH. 2020;18(2):129-40.

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