The investigation of Turkey’s road safety decisions by Haddon Matrix and 7Es

Year 2021, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 196 - 210, 02.12.2021

İbrahim Öztürk , Pınar Bıçaksız , Yeşim Üzümcüoğlu Zihni , Türker Özkan

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.814830

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Objective: Road traffic crashes are one of the crucial public health problems in Turkey and all over the world. Various human, vehicle, and environment factors have been associated with road traffic crashes and different policies, strategies, and interventions have been applied to decrease adverse outcomes such as deaths. Strategies adopted and applied by authorities play a crucial role in road safety.Methods: In the present study, the road safety decisions taken by the Road Traffic Safety Province Coordination Board of each of the 81 provinces of Turkey were analysed by using two frameworks,the Haddon Matrix and Es of road safety.Results: The classification procedure resulted in 8840 decisions in different cities and 652 unique decisions across Turkey. These decisions were classified based on the Haddon Matrix and Es of road safety. The majority of the decisions focused on the pre-crash phase and education, enforcement, engineering and evaluation activities.Conclusion: In line with the strategic decisions, practical implications were discussed, and suggestions have been introduced for the future of road safety. The study provides both methodological and practical implications for road safety research and agenda. It is believed that the use of the Haddon Matrix and 7Es of road safety for policy development will result in significant improvements in public health interventions.

Keywords

road safety decision, policy analysis, Haddon Matrix, policy development, public health

Supporting Institution

Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü

Thanks

This study was supported by the General Directorate of Security in Turkey.

Türkiye’deki yol güvenliği kararlarının Haddon Matrisi ve 7Es ile incelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Karayolu trafik kazaları, Türkiye’de ve tüm dünyada önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarından biridir. Çeşitli insan, araç ve çevre faktörleri karayolu trafik kazaları ile ilişkilendirilmekte ve ölümler gibi olumsuz sonuçları azaltmak amacıyla farklı politikalar, stratejiler ve müdahale programları uygulanmaktadır. Yetkililer tarafından benimsenen ve uygulanan stratejiler karayolu güvenliğinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 81 ilindeki Karayolu Trafik Güvenliği İl Koordinasyon Kurulları tarafından alınan yol güvenliği kararları, Haddon Matrisi ve yol güvenliği E’leri olmak üzere iki çerçeve kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Sınıflandırma prosedürü, farklı şehirlerde toplam 8840 kararla ve Türkiye genelinde 652 farklı kararla sonuçlanmıştır. Bu kararlar, Haddon Matrisi ve yol güvenliği E’lerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Kararların çoğunluğu kaza öncesi aşama ve eğitim, denetimler, mühendislik ve değerlendirme faaliyetlerine odaklanmıştır. Sonuç: Stratejik kararlar doğrultusunda, pratik uygulamalar tartışılmış ve karayolu güvenliğinin geleceği için öneriler sunulmuştur. Mevcut çalışma, karayolu güvenliği araştırmaları ve gündemi için hem yöntemsel hem de pratik çıkarımlar sağlamaktadır. Politika geliştirmede Haddon Matrisi ve yol güvenliği E’lerinin kullanımının halk sağlığı müdahalelerinde önemli iyileştirmelerle sonuçlanacağına inanılmaktadır

Keywords

karayolu güvenliği kararları, politika analizi, Haddon Matrisi, politika geliştirme, halk sağlığı

References

• Larsson P, Dekker SW, Tingvall C. The need for a systems theory approach to road safety. Saf Sci 2010;48(9):1167-1174.
• Özkan T, Lajunen T. A general traffic(safety) culture system (G-TraSaCu-S).TraSaCu project, European Commission,RISE Programme. 2015;1–47.
• Scott-Parker B, Goode N, Salmon P.The driver, the road, the rules . . . and the rest? A systems-based approach to young driver road safety. Accid Anal Prev 2015;74:297–305.
• Özkan T, Öztürk İ, Üzümcüoğlu Y, Bıçaksız P, Yıldırım E, Vursavaş F, Daşkın O, Turgut S, Sayı İE, Battal Ö, Söylemez M, Kurban S. Trafik Kurul Kararlarının Analizi – Türkiye Değerlendirmesi.Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. Available at: http://www.trafik.gov.tr/kurumlar/trafik.gov.tr/06-Yayinlar/Diger/TKKA_TurkiyeDegerlendirmesi.pdf. 2015.
• Albertsson P, Björnstig U, FalkmerT. The Haddon Matrix, a tool for investigating severe bus and coach crashes. International Journal of Disaster Medicine 2003;2:109–119.
• Runyan CW. Introduction: Back to the Future—Revisiting Haddon’s Conceptualization of Injury Epidemiology and Prevention. Epidemiol Rev 2003;25:60–64.
• Barnett DJ, Balicer RD, Blodgett D, Fews AL, Parker, CL, Links JM. The Application of the Haddon Matrix to Public Health Readiness and Response Planning. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113(5):561–566.
• Zhong S, Clark M, Hou XY, Zang YL, FitzGerald G. 2010–2011 Queensland floods: Using Haddon’s Matrix to define and categorise public safety strategies. Emerg Med Australas 2013;25:345–352.
• Rustagi N, Kumar A, Norbu L, Vyas D. Applying Haddon Matrix for Evaluation of Road Crash Victims in Delhi, India. Indian J Surg 2017;80(5):479–487.
• Haddon WJr. A logical framework for categorising highway safety phenomena and activity. J Trauma 1972;12(3):193–207.
• Baru A, Azazh A, Beza L. Injury severity levels and associated factors among road traffic collision victims referred to emergency departments of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The study based on the Haddon matrix.BMC Emerg Med. 2019;19(2):1–10.
• Yaacob NFF, Rusli N, Bohari SN. A review analysis of accident factor on road accident cases using Haddon Matrix approach. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017;2.
• Haddon WJr. The changing approach to the epidemiology, prevention, and amelioration of trauma: The transition to approaches etiologically rather than descriptively based. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1968;58(8):1431–1438.
• Haddon WJr. Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy. Public Health Rep 1980;95(5):411–421.
• Goniewicz K, Goniewicz M, Pawlowski W, Fiedor P. Road accident rates: strategies and programmes for improving road traffic safety. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015;42(4);433–438.
• Oster CVJr, Strong JS. Analyzing road safety in the United States. Research in Transportation Economics 2013;43:98–111.
• Üzümcüoğlu Y, Özkan T, Lajunen T, Morandi A, Orsi C, Papadakaki M, Chliaoutakis J. Life quality and rehabilitation after a road traffic crash:A literature review. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 2016;40:1–13.
• Short MM, Mushquash CJ, Bédard, M. Interventions for motor vehicle crashes among Indigenous communities: Strategies to inform Canadian initiatives. Can J Public Health 2014;105(4):296–305.
• Groeger JA. How many e’s in road safety.In B. E. Porter (Ed.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology (pp.3–12). San Diego, CA:Elsevier.
• Assailly JP. Road safety education:What works? Patient Educ Couns 2017;100S:S24–S29.
• Wang C, Quddus MA, Ison SG. The effect of traffic and road characteristics on road safety: A review and future research direction. Saf Sci 2013;57:264–275.
• Elvik R, Høye A, Vaa T, Sørensen, M. The handbook of road safety measures. 2nded. Bingley, UK: Emerald; 2009.
• Bui DP, Balland S, Giblin C, Jung AM, Kramer S, Peng A, Aquino MCP, Griffin S, French DD, Porter KP, Crothers S, Burgess JL. Interventions and controls to prevent emergency service vehicle incidents: A mixed methods review. Accid Anal Prev 2018;115:189–201.
• Scholtes B, Schröder-Bäck P, Mackay M, Vincenten J, Brand H. (2017). Child safety reference frameworks: A policy tool for child injury prevention at the subnational level. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017;25(2):120–128.
• Hughes BP, Anund A, Falkmer T. A comprehensive conceptual framework for road safety strategies. Accid Anal Prev 2016;90:13–28.
• Haddon WJr. Energy damage and the 10 countermeasure strategies. Inj Prev 1995;1:40–44.
• World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety. Available at:https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/. 2018.
• Haddon WJr. On the escape of tigers: an ecologic note. Am J Public Health Nations Health, 1970;60(12):2229-2234.
• Siegrist S. Towards a method to forecast the effectiveness of national road safety programmes. Saf Sci 2010;48(9):1106–1110.
• Gupta S, Hoe C, Özkan T, Lajunen TJ, Vursavas F, Sener S, Hyder AA. Evaluation of a five-year Bloomberg Global Road Safety Program in Turkey. Public Health 2017;144:S45–S56.
• OECD. Evaluation Criteria. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/dac/evaluation/daccriteriaforevaluatingde
• Noy YI. Human factors in modern traffic systems. Ergonomics 1997;40(10):1016–1024.
• McIlroy RC, Plant KA, Hoque MS, Wu J, Kokwaro GO, Nam VH, Stanton NA. Who is responsible for global road safety? A cross-cultural comparison of Actor Maps. Accid Anal Prev 2019;122:8–18.