Web sitelerinde yer alan COVID-19 ile ilişkili mitlerin infodemi açısından değerlendirilmesi: bir içerik analizi

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 138 - 151, 01.04.2022

Selva Dilan Gölbaşı , Selma Metintas , Muhammed Fatih Önsüz

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.932008

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Amaç: COVID-19 yanıtının merkezindeki infodemiyle mücadelede web sitelerinin incelenmesi kritiktir. COVID-19 pandemisinde mücadele edilen 10 mit konusu ile ilgili dijital medyada dolaşan bilgilerin bilgi düzensizliği spektrumu içinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Google arama motoru üzerinden ulaşılabilen halka açık internet sayfaları incelenerek gerçekleştirilen kesitsel tipte tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. Gerekli etik ve idari izinler alındı. Çalışmada 16-22 Kasım 2020 aralığında 200 web sitesi incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Web sitelerinin 83 (%41.5)’ünde en az bir bilgi düzensizliği örneği saptanmıştır. En fazla bilgi düzensizliği örneklerine (%21.2) “takviye gıda” konusunda rastlanmıştır (p<0.001). Sağlık hizmeti ile ilişkili kurum web sitelerinin en az oranda (%16.7) bilgi düzensizliği içerdiği görülmüştür. Sonuçta 50 (%29.8)’si dezenformasyon/malinformasyon olmak üzere 168 bilgi düzensizliği saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Sağlık hizmeti ile ilişkili kurumların web sitelerinde daha az bilgi düzensizliği örneği görülmesi, doğru bilgiye erişimin arttırılması için bu kurumların faaliyetlerini geliştirmesi; buna karşılık sağlık hizmeti ile ilişkili kurumların web sitelerinde de bilgi düzensizliği örneklerine rastlanması, raporlama sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi ihtiyacına işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19, mezenformasyon, internet

Supporting Institution

Yok.

Evaluation of COVID-19 related myths on websites in terms of infodemia: A content analysis

Abstract

Objective: Examining websites is critical to combat infodemia at the central of the COVID-19 response. It is aimed to examine the information circulating in digital media about the 10 myth subjects tackled in the COVID-19 pandemic within the spectrum of information irregularity. Methods: It is cross-sectional descriptive research conducted by examining public internet pages that can be accessed through the Google search engine. Necessary ethical and administrative permissions were obtained. In this study, 200 websites were examined in the time range of November 16th-22nd, 2020. Results: In 83 (41.5%) of the websites was found at least an example of information irregularities. The highest number of examples of information irregularities (21.2%) were found on the “supplement” topic (p<0,001). Health service-related institution(HSRI) websites were found to contain at least (16.7%) information irregularities. As a result, 168 information irregularities were identified, of which 50 (29.8%) were disinformation/malinformation. Conclusion: Fewer examples of information irregularities observed on the websites of HSRI indicate the need to improve their activities to increase access to accurate information; in contrast, examples of information irregularities observed on the websites of HSRI indicate the need to improve reporting systems.

Keywords

COVID-19, internet, misinformation

References

• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. Managing the COVID-19 infodemic: Promoting healthy behaviours and mitigating the harm from misinformation and disinformation. Joint statement by WHO, UN, UNICEF, UNDP, UNESCO, UNAIDS, ITU, UN Global Pulse, and IFRC [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/23-09-2020-managing-the-covid-19-infodemic-promoting-healthy-behaviours-and-mitigating-the-harm-from-misinformation-and-disinformation Accessed November 28, 2020.
• Şenol Y, Kadriye A. Salgın iletişiminde sosyal medyanın kullanımı. JHSM 2020;3(3):340-348.
• Kim S, Liu BF. Are all crises opportunities? A comparison of how corporate and government organizations responded to the 2009 flu pandemic. Journal of Public Relations Research 2012;24(1):69-85.
• Silverman, C. Lies, damn lies and viral content. Tow center for digital journalism a tow/knight report. Columbia Journalism School, 2017. Available at: https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8Q81RHH
• Baker DE. Zika virus and the media. Hosp Pharm 2016;51:275-276. TRT Akademi. TRT Akademi İnfodemi Araştırması Raporu [online]. 2020:222-237. Available at: https://trtakademi.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TRT-Akademi-Infodemi-Arastirmasi-Raporu.pdf Accessed November 28, 2020.
• Google Trends. Google trend map of the term “fake news” 2020 [online]. Available at: https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%205-y&q=fake%20news Accessed November 24, 2020.
• Baines D, Elliott RJ. Defining misinformation, disinformation and malinformation: An urgent need for clarity during the COVID-19 infodemic. Discussion Papers 2020. Available at: http://www.repec.bham.ac.uk/pdf/20-06.pdf
• UNESCO. Thinking about ‘information disorder’: formats of misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information by Claire Wardle and Hossein Derakhshan [online]. 2018:43-49. Available at: https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/f._jfnd_handbook_module_2.pdf Accessed November 24, 2020.
• Albright J. Welcome to the era of fake news. Media and Communication 2017;5(2):87-89.
• Anadolu Ajansı. Kovid-19’dan kaçarken dezenformasyona tutulmak [online]. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/kovid-19dan-kacarken-dezenformasyona-tutulmak/1781644 Accessed November 25, 2020.
• Teyit.org. Cumhurbaşkanı 11 Mart 2020 tarihli grup toplantısında sokağa çıkma yasağından bahsetmedi [online]. Available at: https://teyit.org/cumhurbaskani-grup-toplantisinda-sokaga-cikma-yasagindan-bahsetmedi Accessed November 25, 2020.
• Google History [online]. Available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20110520212930/http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html Accessed November 25, 2020.
• Islam MS, Sarkar T, Khan SH, et al. COVID-19–related infodemic and its impact on public health: A global social media analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020;103(4):1621.
• DSÖ. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: Mythbusters [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters Accessed November 2, 2020.
• Leng Y, Zhai Y, Sun S, et al. Analysis of misinformation during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: cultural, social and political entanglements. IEEE Transactions on Big Data 2021;7(1):69-80.
• Huang B, Carley KM. Disinformation and misinformation on twitter during the novel coronavirus outbreak, 2020. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.04278. Available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04278
• Lyons B, Merola V, Reifler J. Not just asking questions: Effects of implicit and explicit conspiracy information about vaccines and genetic modification. Health communication 2019;34(14):1741-1750.
• Al Khaja KA, Sequeira RP. Drug information, misinformation, and disinformation on social media: a content analysis study. J Public Health Policy 2018;39(3):343-357.
• Gupta L, Gasparyan AY, Misra DP, et al. Information and misinformation on COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey study. J Korean Med Sci 2020;35(27). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7358067/
• Mohammadi MR, Zarafshan H, Bashi SK, Mohammadi F, Khaleghi, A. The role of public trust and media in the psychological and behavioral responses to the pandemics of COVID-19, 2020. Available at SSRN 3586701. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3586701
• Freelon D, Wells C. Disinformation as political communication 2020. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10584609.2020.1723755
• Özyal B. Tık odaklı habercilik: Tık odaklı haberciliğin Türk dijital gazetelerindeki kullanım biçimleri. Global Media Journal TR Edition 2016;6(12):273-301.
• Kazaz A, Erdoğan MG. Takviye edici gıda reklamlarında aldatıcı unsurlar. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 2020;8(2):930-960.
• MacFarlane D, Tay LQ, Hurlstone MJ, Ecker UK. Refuting spurious COVID-19 treatment claims reduces demand and misinformation sharing. J Appl Res Mem 2021;10(2):248-258.
• Adams KK, Baker WL, Sobieraj DM. COVID-19 myth busters: dietary supplements and COVID-19. Ann Pharmacother 2020;54(8):820-826.
• Lewandowsky S, Cook J, Ecker UKH, et al. The Debunking Handbook [online] 2020. p. 5-8. Available at: https://sks.to/db2020. Accessed February 10, 2021.