Zenofobi ve Medikal Zenofobi’yi Yeniden Düşünmek

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 458 - 473, 01.12.2022

Cem Hakan Başaran

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1086392

Abstract

2011 yılından bu yana yoğun bir göç dalgasıyla karşı karşıya olan ülkemizde artan mülteci nüfusu ile birlikte zenofobi de günbegün artmaktadır. Sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumu sırasında, çoğu zaman artan ortalama hasta sayıları ve çözülemeyen iletişim problemlerinin arkasına saklanarak serpilen zenofobinin, etik kodları ve deontolojisi olan hekimlik mesleğinde, gayrı ahlakiliği tartışmaya açılmaya çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle zenofobi ile ilgili tıp ve sosyal bilimler literatürü, bu fenomenin mevcut, tarihsel ve psikopatolojik arka planı, tıpla açık veya örtük ilişkisi kapsamında araştırılmıştır. Dünya genelinde sağlık hizmetleri sunumunun ana aktörleri olan hekimlerin zenofobik tutum ve eylemleri tıp etiği ve tarihsel perspektiften değerlendirilmiştir. Bu makalede zenofobinin sosyoekonomik, politik ve psikolojik temelleri ve yeni ırkçılık teorileri ile ilişki ve bağlamına dair bulgular ve özellikle Güney Afrika’da sağlık hizmetlerinde mevcut bir fenomen olarak tartışılan zenofobinin, tarihsel varlığı ve günümüzde nelere sebebiyet verdiğine dair bulgular ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Zenofobinin her türlü kimliksel ve biyografik bilginin tıbbi sebepler dışında hiçbir önem arz etmediği bir mekân ve karşılaşmada, toplum içinde öz-saygısını yitirmeye yüz tutmuş yabancıya/incinebilir özneye karşı ortaya çıkması/çıkabilecek olması hasta-hekim ve hekim-hekim ilişkisinin her türlü etik içerimini (gizlilik, sır saklama, mahremiyet, karşılıklı saygı, mesleki dayanışma, nezaket vb.) riske atmakla birlikte, meseleyi ahlaki bir soruna dönüştürür. Hekimlik, hekim tarafından, hastalık dışında her türden bilgi ve kimliğin gözardı edildiği tarafsız bir mekânda icra edilmelidir.

Keywords

Zenofobi, Tıbbi Zenofobi, Tıbbi Irkçılık, Göç ve Sağlık, Tıbbi Etik

Rethinking Xenophobia and Medical Xenophobia

Abstract

With the increasing refugee population in our country, which has faced an intense wave of migration since 2011, xenophobia is increasing day by day. During the delivery of health services, the immorality of xenophobia, which grows usually by hiding behind the increasing average number of patients and unsolvable communication problems, was discussed from the perspective of the medical profession, which has ethical codes and deontology. First of all, the medical and social science literature on xenophobia, the current, historical and psychopathological background of this phenomenon, and its explicit or implicit relationship with medicine were investigated. The xenophobic attitudes and actions of physicians, who are the main actors of health care delivery all around the world, were evaluated from the perspective of medical ethics and history. In this article, the findings of the socioeconomic, political, and psychological foundations of xenophobia, its relationship and context with new racism theories, and the historical existence of medical xenophobia, which is discussed as a current phenomenon in health services, and especially in South Africa, and what it can cause today are tried to be revealed. The fact that xenophobia may arise against a vulnerable subject who is about to lose his self-respect in the society in a place and encounter, with where all kinds of identity and biographical information are of no importance except for medical reasons, not only puts all kinds of ethical contexts of the patient-physician and physician physician relationship (confidentiality, secrecy, intimacy, mutual respect, professional solidarity, courtesy, etc.) at risk but also it turns the issue into a morality one. Medicine should be practiced by the physician in a neutral space where all kinds of knowledge and identity, except for illness, are ignored.

Keywords

Xenophobia, Medical Xenophobia, Medical Racism, Migration and Health, Medical Ethics

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