DOES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL DEPEND ON EXERCISE PERCEPTION AND BODY AWARENESS?

Abstract

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether physical activity level depends on exercise perception and body awareness. Methods: A total of 116 people between the ages of 18-25 years who did not have any diseasepreventing physical activity participated in the study. Using a face-to-face questionnaire and inquiry methods, participants were evaluated with Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ), Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Results: The mean age and body mass index of the participants were 20.38 years and 21.86 kg / m2. In IPAQ-SF scores, 28.4% of the participants were at the low activity level, 40.5% were at the medium activity level and 31% were at the high activity level. There was a weak correlation (r <0.400) between body awareness and IPAQ-SF score and a negative correlation between BAQ and EBBS benefits score (r <0.400). There was a weak correlation between IPAQ-SF scores and BAQ scores (r <0.400). Conclusions: According to the results from the present study, the level of physical activity was found to be depend on body awareness and perceived exercise barriers. To increase the level of evidence in our study, there is a need for studies with more groups of participants and students living in different conditions.

Keywords

• Body Awareness
• Exercise
• Physical Activity
• University Students

FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYİ EGZERSİZ ALGISINA VE VÜCUT FARKINDALIĞINA BAĞLI MIDIR?

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin egzersiz algısı ve beden farkındalığına bağlı olup olmadığının araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18-25 yaş arasında fiziksel aktiviteye engel olacak herhangi bir hastalığı bulunmayan 116 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. Katılımcılar Beden Farkındalığı Anketi (BAQ), Egzersiz Faydaları / Engeller Ölçeği (EBBS) ve Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Kısa Formu (IPAQ-SF) ile yüz yüze değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması ve vücut kitle indeksi 20,38 yıl ve 21,86 kg/m2 idi. IPAQ-SF skorlarında katılımcıların %28.4‘ü düşük aktivite seviyesinde, %40.5‘i orta aktivite seviyesinde ve %31‘i yüksek aktivite seviyesindeydi. BAQ ile IPAQ-SF puanı arasında zayıf korelasyon (r <0,400) ve BAQ ile EBBS fayda puanı arasında negatif korelasyon (r <0,400) vardı. IPAQ-SF puanları ile BAQ puanları arasında da zayıf bir korelasyon (r<0,400) bulundu. Tartışma: Çalışmanın sonucuna göre fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin, beden farkındalığına ve algılanan egzersiz engellerine bağlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızın kanıt düzeyini artırmak için daha fazla katılımcı grubu ve farklı koşullarda yaşayan öğrencilerle yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egzersiz
• Fiziksel Aktivite
• Üniversite Öğrencileri
• Vücut Farkındalığı

References

1. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126-131.
2. World Health Organization, Physical activity [Available https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity] [Accessed on 29 November 2020].
3. Dishman RK, Sallis JF, Orenstein DR. The determinants of physical activity and exercise. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):158-171.
4. Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, et al. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):258-271.
5. Fox AM, Mann DM, Ramos MA, Kleinman LC, Horowitz CR. Barriers to physical activity in East harlem, new york. J Obes. 2012;2012:719140.
6. Moore JB, Jilcott SB, Shores KA, Evenson KR, Brownson RC, Novick LF. A qualitative examination of perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity for urban and rural youth. Health Educ Res. 2010;25(2):355-367.
7. Lovell GP, El Ansari W, Parker JK. Perceived exercise benefits and barriers of non-exercising female university students in the United Kingdom. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7(3):784-798.
8. Pan SY, Cameron C, Desmeules M, Morrison H, Craig CL, Jiang X. Individual, social, environmental, and physical environmental correlates with physical activity among Canadians: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:21. Published 2009 Jan 16.

9. Erden A, Altuğ F, Cavlak U. Sağlıklı Kişilerde Vücut Farkındalık Durumu İle Ağrı, Emosyonel Durum ve Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. J Kartal TR 2013; 24(3):145-150.
10. Gyllensten AL, Skär L, Miller M. Embodied identity-A deeper understanding of body awareness. Physiotherapy Theory Pract. 2010;26(7):439-446.
11. Mehling WE, Wrubel J, Daubenmier JJ, et al. Body Awareness: a phenomenological inquiry into the common ground of mind-body therapies. Philos Ethics Humanit Med. 2011;6:6.
12. Shields SA, Mallory ME, Simon A. The Body Awareness Questionnaire: reliability and validity. J Pers Ass. 1989;53(4):802-15.
13. Mehling WE, Gopisetty V, Daubenmier J, Price CJ, Hecht FM, Stewart A. Body awareness: construct and self-report measures. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5614.
14. Karaca S, Bayar B. Turkish Version Of Body Awareness Questionnaire: Validity And Reliability Study. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2021; 32(1): 44-50.
15. Sechrist KR, Walker SN, Pender NJ. Development and psychometric evaluation of the exercise benefits/barriers scale. Res Nurs Health. 1987;10(6):357-365.
16. Brown SA. Measuring perceived benefits and perceived barriers for physical activity. Am J Health Behav. 2005;29(2):107-116.
17. Ortabag T, Ceylan S, Akyuz A. The validity and reliability of the exercise benefits/barriers scale for Turkish Military nursing students. S African J Res Sport Physical Educ Recreation. 2010; 32(2):55-77.
18. Öztürk M: Validity and Reliability of the International Physical Activity Survey for Students Studying at the University and Determination of Physical Activity Levels. Master Thesis. Hacettepe University, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, 2005.
19. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-1395.
20. Tığlı A, Ayvazoğlu Soy EH, Aytar A, Moray G, Haberal M. Relationship Between Exercise Perception With Physical Activity Level, Body Awareness, and Illness Cognition in Renal Transplant Patients: A Pilot Study. Exp Clin Transplant. 2019;17(Suppl 1):270-276.
21. Martin R, Prichard I, Hutchinson AD, Wilson C. The role of body awareness and mindfulness in the relationship between exercise and eating behavior. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2013;35(6):655-660.
22. Sarafidis PA, Li S, Chen SC, et al. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in chronic kidney disease. Am J Med. 2008;121(4):332-340.
23. Pimlott-Kubiak S, Cortina LM. Gender, victimization, and outcomes: reconceptualizing risk. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71(3):528-539.
24. Seedat S, Stein DJ, Carey PD. Post-traumatic stress disorder in women: epidemiological and treatment issues. CNS Drugs. 2005;19(5):411-27.
25. Romaguera D, Tauler P, Bennasar M, et al. Determinants and patterns of physical activity practice among Spanish university students. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(9):989-997.
26. Sone T, Kawachi Y, Abe C, et al. Attitude and practice of physical activity and social problem-solving ability among university students. Environ Health Prev Med. 2017 Apr 4;22(1):18.
27. Plotnikoff RC, Costigan SA, Williams RL, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting physical activity, nutrition and healthy weight for university and college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:45.
28. Karadoğan D, Önal Ö, Kanbay Y. Prevalence and determinants of smoking status among university students: Artvin Çoruh University sample. PLoS One. 2018 Dec10;13(12):e0200671.