FİZİKSEL ENGELLİ BİREYLERDE SPORUN YAŞAM KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Amaç: Spor, engelli bireylerin yaşam kalitesini artırmada önemli bir araçtır. Çalışmanın amacı değişik fonksiyonellik düzeyindeki fiziksel engelli bireylerin yaşam kalitelerinin sporla ilişkili olarak incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 36 fiziksel engelli birey katıldı. Katılımcılar düzenli olarak spor yapmayan (SY), Boccia (B) ve Tekerlekli sandalye basketbolu (TSB) oynayan bağımsız ambulasyonu sağlayamayan bireylerden oluştu. Bireyler Rivermead Mobilite İndeksi (RMI), Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık Ölçeği (FBÖ), Gövde Etkilenim Ölçeği (GEÖ), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Zihinsel ve Fiziksel Engelliler İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (WHOQOL-DIS) kullanılarak sırasıyla gövde motor bozuklukları, fonksiyonellik düzeyleri, mobiliteleri ve yaşam kaliteleri değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar: B grubunun RMI puanlarının SY’e göre daha düşük olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). B grubu FBÖ Motor ve FBÖ-Toplam puanları diğerlerinden düşük bulundu (p<0,05). FBÖ-Kognitif değerleri gruplar arasında benzerdi (p>0,05). GEÖ-Toplam puanlarının B grubunda en düşük (p>0,05), GEÖ- Koordinasyon puanlarının TSB grubunda en yüksek olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Grupların GEÖ statik ve dinamik değerlendirmeleri arasında fark görülmedi (p<0,05). Gruplar arasında yaşam kalitesi alt ölçekleri ve engelli modülü alt boyutları arasında fark görülmedi (p>0,05). B grubundaki bireylerin yaşam kalitesi toplam puanlarının SY grubuyla benzer (p>0,05), TSB grubuna göre düşük olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Tartışma: Düşük fonksiyonellik düzeyindeki B oyuncularının diğer katılımcılarla benzer yaşam kalitelerine sahip olmalarının B’nin fiziksel etkilerinden ziyade psikolojik ve soysal etkilerinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlıkla İlgili Yaşam Kalitesi
• Spor
• Engelli Sporları
• Tekerlekli Sandalye Sporları
• Engelliler

INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES

Abstract

Purpose: Sport is an important tool in improving the quality of life of individuals with disabilities. The study aim to examine the life quality of individuals with physical disabilities with different functionality levels in relation to sports. Methods: A total of 36 individuals with physical disabilities participated in the study. The participants included individuals without any regular exercise (non-sportive, NS), those who played Boccia (B), and persons who played Wheelchair basketball (WCB) who could not provide independent ambulation. The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Functional Independency Measurement (FIM), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS) were used for evaluating motor impairment of the trunk, functionality levels, mobility, and quality of life (QoL), respectively. Results: Group B had lower RMI scores compared to group NS (p<0.05). FIM-motor and FIM-total scores were the lowest in group B (p<0.05), whereas FIM-cognitive scores were similar across all groups (p>0.05). However, TIS-total scores were the lowest in the B group (p<0.05) and TIScoordination scores were higher in the WCB group (p<0.05). There was no difference between the groups in TIS static and dynamic evaluations (p>0.05). There was no difference between the groups in terms of the WHOQOL subscales and the disability module subdimensions (p>0.05). QoL-total score was similar for group B and NS (p>0.05), but higher in the WCB group (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is thought that the low functional B players' having similar quality of life with the other participants is due to the psychological and social effects of B rather than its physical effects.

Keywords

• Health-Related Quality of Life
• Persons with Disabilities
• Sports
• Sports for persons with disabilities
• Wheelchair sports

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