COMPARISON OF COVID-19 FEAR, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL, MENTAL HEALTH, ACADEMIC MOTIVATION AND SLEEP QUALITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO RECEIVED DISTANCE AND FACE-TOFACE EDUCATION DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD

Year 2022, , 130 - 138, 20.12.2022

Sevtap Günay Uçurum , Sevinç Akdeniz , Aynur Şahin , Derya Özer Kaya

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.995388

Abstract

Purpose: One of the areas most affected by the sudden restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic was the education system and students. The aim of this study was to compare the fear of Covid-19, physical activity levels, mental health, academic motivation and sleep quality of students who received distance education and face-to-face education during the pandemic period.
Methods: In our study 93 university students who received distance education (age: 20.33± 1.82 years, height: 167.08±8.86 cm, weight: 61.41±12.08 kg) and 110 university students who received face-to-face education (age: 20.13±0.98 years, height: 167.62±8.12 cm, weight: 62.20±13.32 kg) were included. Fear of Covid-19 were evaluated by the Covid-19 Fear Scale, physical activity levels by International Physical Activity Questionnaire, mental healths by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, academic motivations by Academic Motivation Scale, and sleep quality by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.
Results: There was no difference between the two groups in the parameters of mental health (p=0.335), academic motivation (p=0.629) and sleep quality (p=0.230). It was observed that the fears of Covid-19
(p=0.001) and physical activity levels (p=0.023) of the students who received distance education were lower than those who received face-to-face education, and the sitting times (p=0.001) were higher.
Conclusion: During the Covid-19 pandemic, it was observed that there was no difference in mental health, academic motivation and sleep quality between distance education and face-to- face education. However, we think that it is important to plan for reducing the sitting times and to increase their physical activity levels of students who receive distance education.

Keywords

Distance education, academic motivation, covid 19, physical activity

PANDEMİ DÖNEMİNDE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM VE YÜZ YÜZE EĞİTİM ALAN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN COVİD-19 KORKUSU, FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYİ, MENTAL SAĞLIK, AKADEMİK MOTİVASYON VE UYKU KALİTESİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

Amaç: Covid-19 pandemisinin neden olduğu ani kısıtlamaların en çok etkilediği alanlardan biri de eğitim sistemi ve öğrenciler olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı pandemi döneminde uzaktan eğitim ve yüz yüze eğitim alan öğrencilerin Covid-19 korkusu, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri, mental sağlık, akademik motivasyon ve uyku kalitesinin karşılaştırılmasıydı.
Yöntem: Çalışmamıza uzaktan eğitim alan 93 öğrenci (yaş: 20,33±1,82 yıl, boy: 167,08±8,86 cm, kilo: 61,41±12,08 kg) ve yüz yüze eğitim alan 110 öğrenci (yaş: 20,13±0,98 yıl, boy: 167,62±8,12 cm, kilo: 62,20±13,32 kg) dahil edilmiştir. Fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi, akademik motivasyonları Akademik Güdülenme Ölçeği, mental sağlıkları Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği, uyku kaliteleri Pittsburg Uyku Kalite İndeksi ve Covid-19 korkuları Covid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede Mann Whitney U testi kullanıldı.
Sonuçlar: Mental sağlık (p=0,335), akademik motivasyon (p=0,629) ve uyku kalitesi (p=0,230) parametrelerinde iki grup arasında fark bulunmadı. Uzaktan eğitim alan öğrencilerin yüz yüze eğitim alanlara göre Covid-19 korkularının (p=0,001) ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğu (p=0,023) oturma sürelerinin ise yüksek olduğu (p=0,001) görüldü.
Tartışma: Covid-19 pandemiside ön plana çıkan uzaktan eğitim ile yüz yüze eğitim arasında mental sağlık, akademik motivasyon ve uyku kalitesi açısından bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Ancak uzaktan eğitim alan öğrencilerin oturma sürelerinin azaltılması ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin arttırılmasına yönelik planlama yapılmasının önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.

Keywords

uzaktan eğitim, Akademik motivasyon, Covid 19, Fiziksel aktivite

References

• 1. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19
• 2. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, Tan YY, Chen SD, Jin HJ, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak- A n update on the status [Internet]. Vol. 7, Military Medical Research. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2020 [cited 2021 May 5]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32169119/
• 3. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
• 4. Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK). YÖK Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Bilgilendirme Notu-1 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 8]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/coronavirus_bilgilendirme_1.aspx
• 5. Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK). YÖK Üniversitelerde Uygulanacak Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Açıklama [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 8]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/ Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/ universitelerde-uygulanacak-uzaktan-egitime-iliskin-aciklama.aspx
• 6. Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK). Basın açıklaması [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 8]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/ HaberBelgeleri/BasinAciklamasi/ 2020/2020_2021 _akademik _yili _baslangici_aciklama.pdf
• 7. Valentine D, Valentine D. Distance Learning: Promises, Problems, and Possibilities. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration. 2002;5(3).
• 8. Mukhtar K, Javed K, Arooj M, Sethi A. Advantages, limitations and recommendations for online learning during covid-19 pandemic era. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 8];36(COVID19-S4):S27–31. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7306967/
• 9. Biricik YS, Sivrikaya MH. COVID-19 Fear in Sports Sciences Students and Its Effect on Academic Procrastination Behavior [Internet]. Vol. 9, International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology www.ijaep.com. [cited 2021 May 8]. Available from: www.ijaep.com
• 10. Orhan Ö, Deniz B. Pandemilerin Şafağında: COVID-19 ve Fiziksel İnaktivite. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;5(2):143–6.
• 11. Wang F, Boros S. The effect of physical activity on sleep quality: a systematic review. https://doi.org/101080/2167916920191623314 [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Jul 11];23(1):11–8. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21679169.2019.1623314
• 12. Zhai L, Zhang Y, Zhang D. Sedentary behaviour and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine [Internet]. 2015 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Jul 11];49(11):705–9. Available from: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/11/705
• 13. Bowden Davies KA, Sprung VS, Norman JA, Thompson A, Mitchell KL, Halford JCG, et al. Short-term decreased physical activity with increased sedentary behaviour causes metabolic derangements and altered body composition: effects in individuals with and without a first-degree relative with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia [Internet]. 2018 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Jun 30];61(6):1282–94. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4603-5
• 14. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Apr 24];1. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7100496/
• 15. Satici B, Gocet-Tekin E, Deniz ME, Satici SA. Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Apr 24]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32395095/
• 16. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-Country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise [Internet]. 2003 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Apr 24];35(8):1381–95. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12900694/
• 17. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International Physical Activity Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version: http://dx.doi.org/102466/0608PMS1114278-284 [Internet]. 2010 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Jul 22];111(1):278–84. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed
• 18. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy [Internet]. 1995 [cited 2021 Apr 24];33(3):335–43. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7726811/
• 19. Akin A, Cetin B. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS): The study of validity and reliability. 2007 [cited 2021 Apr 24]; Available from: https://avesis.medeniyet.edu.tr/yayin/0118b6f2-c64c-4ace-b309-bef91799f7e7/the-depression-anxiety-and-stress-scale-dass-the-study-of-validity-and-reliability
• 20. Sarıçam H. The Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in Health Control and Clinical Samples. JCBPR [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Apr 24];7(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.274847
• 21. Bozanoğlu İ. Akademik Güdülenme Ölçeği: Geliştirmesi, Geçerliği, Güvenirliği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2021 Apr 25];37(2):83–98. Available from: https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TlRBME1qTXo/akademik-gudulenme-olcegi-gelistirmesi-gecerligi-guvenirligi
• 22. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research [Internet]. 1989 [cited 2021 Apr 25];28(2):193–213. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2748771/
• 23. Ağargün M. Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi indeksinin Gecerligi ve Guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi [Internet]. 1996 [cited 2021 Apr 25];7:107–15. Available from: https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/20001210233
• 24. Jia P, Zhang L, Yu W, Yu B, Liu M, Zhang D, et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on activity patterns and weight status among youths in China: the COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS). International Journal of Obesity [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2021 Jun 17];45(3):695–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-020-00710-4
• 25. Pop C, Ciomag V. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on body mass index in young adults. Physical education of students [Internet]. 2021 Apr 30 [cited 2021 Jun 30];25(2):98–102. Available from: https://sportedu.org.ua/index.php/PES/article/view/1361
• 26. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Vol. 395, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2020. p. 912–20.
• 27. Marques G, Drissi N, Díez I de la T, de Abajo BS, Ouhbi S. Impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of university students in Spain and their attitudes toward Mobile mental health solutions. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2021 Mar 1;147:104369.
• 28. Lee J, Jeong HJ, Kim S. Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and their Use of Mental Health Services. Innovative Higher Education [Internet]. 2021 Apr 23 [cited 2021 May 11];1. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10755-021-09552-y
• 29. Wilkesmann U, Fischer H, Virgillito A, Case G. Academic Motivation of Students-Academic Motivation of Students-The German Case. 2012;
• 30. Ünal M. Lise öğrencilerinin akademik güdülenme düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından yordanması. 2013 [cited 2021 Jun 5]; Available from: http://acikerisim.deu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12397/6980
• 31. Tan C. The impact of COVID-19 on student motivation, community of inquiry and learning performance. Asian Education and Development Studies. 2021 Mar 10;10(2):308–21.
• 32. Çıtak Ş, Pekdemir Ü. An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family, Counseling and Education. 2020;5(1):60–73.
• 33. Romero-Blanco C, Rodríguez-Almagro J, Onieva-Zafra MD, Parra-Fernández ML, Prado-Laguna MDC, Hernández-Martínez A. Sleep pattern changes in nursing students during the COVID-19 lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jul 2 [cited 2021 May 12];17(14):1–11. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7400502/
• 34. Martin SA, Pence BD, Woods JA. Exercise and respiratory tract viral infections [Internet]. Vol. 37, Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2009 [cited 2021 May 12]. p. 157–64. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/Fulltext/ 2009/10000/Exercise_ and_Respiratory_ Tract_Viral_Infections.3.aspx
• 35. Bertrand L, Shaw KA, Ko J, Deprez D, Chilibeck PD, Zello GA. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic on university students’ dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 May 11];46(3):265–72. Available from: www.nrcresearchpress.com/apnm
• 36. López-Valenciano A, Suárez-Iglesias D, Sanchez-Lastra MA, Ayán C. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students’ Physical Activity Levels: An Early Systematic Review [Internet]. Vol. 11, Frontiers in Psychology. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2021 [cited 2021 May 11]. p. 624567. Available from: www.frontiersin.org
• 37. Romero-Blanco C, Rodríguez-Almagro J, Onieva-Zafra MD, Parra-Fernández ML, Prado-Laguna MDC, Hernández-Martínez A. Physical activity and sedentary lifestyle in university students: Changes during confinement due to the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Sep 2 [cited 2021 May 11];17(18):1–13. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
• 38. Bakaloudi DR, Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, Wickramasinghe K, Chourdakis M. Impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on body weight: A combined systematic review and a meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition. 2021 Apr 20;