INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PERCEIVED STRESS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AWARENESS AND EXERCISE BARRIERS: A NATIONAL STUDY

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 103 - 112, 21.12.2021

Burçin Akçay , Gülhan Yılmaz Gökmen , Şule Keçelioğlu , Esra Keskin , Ozan Türkmen

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.856453

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on physical activity, perceived stress, awareness of physical activity, and exercise barriers nationally.
Methods: The survey was sent on-line and data were collected from 1087 volunteers between May 8 and May 31, 2020. The physical activity levels of the respondents were evaluated with the Physical Activity (PA) Questionnaire-Short Form and stress levels with the Perceived Stress Scale. The awareness of exercise and barriers to exercise were questioned with qualitative questions. One-way ANOVA, the Chi-squared test, and Pearson Correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data.
Results: During the COVID-19, 70% of adults had inadequate PA. It was observed that the stress level was different in terms of PA levels (p<0.001), and individuals with low-intensity PA levels had higher stress levels. The stress levels and inactivity levels of females were higher than those of males, and the 18-29 age group had a higher stress level (p<0.001). There was a weak negative correlation between stress level and PA (p<0.001), and between PA and sitting time, whereas a weak positive correlation was found between stress level and sitting time (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The precautions taken during the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey were seen to have a negative effect on physical activity and stress levels, and the most affected groups in this outbreak were females and young adults. Home-based exercises can support the protection of physical and mental health, and avoid the risk of inactivity-related health problems during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Keywords

Awareness, COVID-19, Psychological Stress, Physical Activity

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

COVİD-19’UN FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE, ALGILANAN STRES, FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE FARKINDALIĞI VE EGZERSİZ YAPMAMA NEDENLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

aktivite farkındalığı ve egzersiz yapmama nedenleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Anket online olarak gönderildi ve veriler 8-31 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında 1087 gönüllünün katılımı ile toplandı. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (UFAA)-Kısa Formu ile, stres düzeyleri Algılanan Stres Ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. Egzersiz farkındalığı ve egzersiz yapmama nedenleri ise nitel sorularla sorgulandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tek yönlü ANOVA, Ki-kare testi ve Pearson Korelasyon analizi kullanıldı.
Sonuçlar: COVID-19 salgını sırasında, yetişkinlerin %70'inin yetersiz FA değerlerine sahip olduğu saptandı. Farklı FA düzeylerine sahip bireylerin stres düzeyinin de farklılık gösterdiği (p <0.001) ve düşük şiddetli FA düzeyine sahip bireylerin daha yüksek stres düzeylerine sahip olduğu bulundu. Kadınların erkeklere göre daha yüksek stres ve inaktivite düzeyine, 18-29 yaşları arasındaki bireylerin ise diğer yaş gruplarına göre daha yüksek stres düzeyine sahip olduğu saptandı (p <0.001).
Tartışma: Türkiye'de COVID-19 salgını sırasında alınan önlemlerin fiziksel aktivite ve stres düzeylerini olumsuz etkilediği görüldü ve bu salgından en çok etkilenen grupların kadınlar ve genç yetişkinler olduğu saptandı. COVID-19 salgını sırasında uygulanabilecek ev egzersiz programları, fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığın korunmasını destekleyebilir ve hareketsizlikle ilişkili sağlık sorunlarının oluşma riskini önleyebilir.

Keywords

Farkındalık, COVID-19, Psikolojik Stres, Fiziksel Aktivite

Project Number

-

References

• 1. WHO. WHO Timeline - COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19; 2020 Accessed 10.06.2020
• 2. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;15;395(10223):514-23. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)301
• 3. Qin F, Song Y, Nassis GP, Zhao L, Cui S, Lai L et al. Prevalence of Insufficient Physical Activity, Sedentary Screen Time and Emotional Well-Being During the Early Days of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study. SSRN Electron J. Published online 2020. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3566176
• 4. Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J Sport Heal Sci. 2020;9(2):103-104. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.001
• 5. Jiménez-Pavón D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Lavie CJ. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 24]. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;S0033-0620(20)30063-3. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009
• 6. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
• 7. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729. Published 2020 Mar 6. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729
• 8. Sanchis-Gomar F, Lucia A, Yvert T, Ruiz-Casado A, Pareja-Galeano H, Santos-Lozano A et al. Physical inactivity and low fitness deserve more attention to alter cancer risk and prognosis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015;8(2):105-110. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0320
• 9. Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Polenakovic M, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise and mental health. Maturitas. 2017;106:48-56. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003
• 10. Kohl 3rd HW, Craig CL, Lambert EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):294-305. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8
• 11. Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ, Arena R. A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 8]. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;S0033-0620(20)30077-3. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.005
• 12. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-284. doi:10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284
• 13. IPAQ Research Committee. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short and long forms. http://www. ipaq. ki. se/scoring. pdf. 2005.
• 14. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Yeni Symposium Journal. 2013;51-3:132-140.
• 15. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385-396.
• 16. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlık Bakanı Basın Bildirileri. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,3187/basin-merkezi.html; 2020 Accessed 14.06.20.
• 17. WHO. Physical activity. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity; 2020 Accesses 14.06.20.
• 18. Jurak G, Morrison SA, Leskošek B, Kovač M, Hadžić V, Vodičar J et al. Physical activity recommendations during the coronavirus disease-2019 virus outbreak [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 16]. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;S2095-2546(20)30062-4. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.003
• 19. Üner S, Balcılar M, Ergüder T. Türkiye hanehalkı sağlık araştırması: bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların risk faktörleri prevalansı 2017 (STEPS). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Türkiye Ofisi, Ankara. 2018.
• 20. WHO. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults Data by World Bank income groups. WHO. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.2487?lang=en); 2018
• 21. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants [published correction appears in Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Jan;7(1):e36]. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1077-e1086. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
• 22. Mielke GI, da Silva ICM, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Brown WJ. Shifting the Physical Inactivity Curve Worldwide by Closing the Gender Gap. Sports Med. 2018;48(2):481-489. doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0754-7
• 23. Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Craig CL, Bouchard C. Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(5):998-1005. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181930355
• 24. Blake H, Stanulewicz N, Mcgill F. Predictors of physical activity and barriers to exercise in nursing and medical students. J Adv Nurs. 2017;73(4):917-929. doi:10.1111/jan.13181
• 25. Tang W, Hu T, Hu B, Jin C, Wang G, Xie C et al. Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.009
• 26. Sareen J, Erickson J, Medved MI, Asmundson GJ, Enns MW, Stein M et al. Risk factors for post-injury mental health problems. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(4):321-327. doi:10.1002/da.22077
• 27. Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, Colasanti M, Ferracuti S, Napoli C et al. A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3165. Published 2020 May 2. doi:10.3390/ijerph17093165
• 28. Çalışkan S, Aydoğan S, Işıklı B, Metintaş S, Yenilmez F, Yenilmez Ç. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Algilanan Stres Düzeyi ve İlişkili Olabilecek Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi-Assessment Of Perceived Stress Level And Related Factors In University Students. Eskişehir Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2018; 31:3(2). (ISSN: 2564-6311)
• 29. Cheng C, Jun H, Liang B. Psychological health diathesis assessment system: a nationwide survey of resilient trait scale for Chinese adults. Stud Psychol Behav. 2014;12(6):735-742.
• 30. Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Sinha R. The effects of stress on physical activity and exercise. Sports Med. 2014;44(1):81-121. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0090-5