CİNSİYETE GÖRE FEMUR UZUNLUĞUNUN QUADRICEPS VE HAMSTRING İZOKİNETİK KUVVET ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ
Year 2024,
Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 306 - 314, 23.12.2024
Burcu Aslantekin
,
Zekine Pündük
,
Ömür Karaca
,
Emrah Özcan
,
İlter Kuş
Abstract
Amaç
Bu çalışma, günlük hayatta aktif olan fakat düzenli spor yapmayan bireylerde femur uzunluğu ile quadriceps ve hamstring kuvveti ve dayanıklılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem
Çalışmaya 43 kadın (ortalama yaş: 34,60 yıl) ve 47 erkek (ortalama yaş: 34,95 yıl) gönüllü birey katıldı. Katılımcıların femur uzunluğu (cm) ve izokinetik kas kuvvet özellikleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite anketinin kısa formu (IPAQ) ile değerlendirildi.
Sonuçlar
Q ve H pik tork, pik tork/vücut ağırlığı, total iş, total iş/vücut ağırlığı, Hamstring/Quadriceps (H/Q) oranı erkeklerde daha yüksek bulundu (p<0.01). Spearman’s rho korelasyon analizine göre, kadınlarda femur uzunluğu ile diz ekstansör kas kuvveti, kas dayanıklılığı, pik tork/vücut ağırlığı, total iş/vücut ağırlığı arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu (p<0,05). Erkeklerde ise sadece 60°/sn hızda femur uzunluğu ile total iş arasında pozitif korelasyon tespit edildi (p<0,05).
Tartışma
Sonuç olarak, kas kuvveti, kas dayanıklılığı, kilogram başına düşen kas kuvveti açısından erkeklerin kadınlara göre daha avantajlı olduğu görüldü. Ek olarak H/Q oranının artması ile erkeklerde diz eklem stabilitesinin arttığı ve yaralanma riskinin azaldığı sonucuna varıldı. Femur boyu uzun olan kadınların kas kuvveti açısından kısa olanlara göre daha avantajlı ve özellikle diz ekstansör kaslarının daha kuvvetli ve daha dayanıklı olduğu gözlendi. Erkeklerde ise femur boyunun uzun olması kas kuvvetinden ziyade kas dayanıklılığı ile ilişkilendirildi. Sonuç olarak femur boyunun uzun olmasının kişiye kas kuvveti ve dayanıklılığı açısından avantaj sağladığı sonucuna varıldı.
Supporting Institution
Balıkesir Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP)
Thanks
Yazarlar, katılımcılara çalışma sırasında gösterdikleri çaba, zaman ayırma ve işbirliği için teşekkür eder. Bu çalışma, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Birimi (Proje Numarası: 2020/092) tarafından desteklenmiştir.
References
- Pietraszewska J, Struzik A, Burdukiewicz A, Stachoń A, Pietraszewski B. Relationships between body build and knee joint flexor and extensor torque of polish first-division soccer players. Applied Sciences. 2020;10(3):783.
- Taşdemir FC. Periferik kas kuvvetinin değerlendirilmesi. Güncel Göğüs Hastalıkları Serisi. 2019;7(1):39-49.
- Okwudili JD, Onuorah OC, Agha MM, Mong EU, Dim PA, Ahanonu O, John JN. Relationship of quadriceps femoris muscle strength and endurance with selected anthropometric indices. International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal. 2019;4(4):193-196.
- Çevik Saldıran T, Atıcı E, Öztürk Ö, Azim Rezae D. Cinsiyet Farklılığının Alt Ekstremite Kas Kuvveti ve Kas Mekanik Özelliklerinde Oluşturduğu Değişiklikler-Bir Pilot Çalışma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences. 2020;5(3):530-537.
- Puthucheary Z, Kordi M, Rawal J, Eleftheriou KI, Payne J, Montgomery HE. The relationship between lower limb bone and muscle in military recruits, response to physical training, and influence of smoking status. Scientific Reports. 2015;20(5):9323.
- Lijewski M, Burdukiewicz A, Stachoń A, Pietraszewska J. Differences in anthropometric variables and muscle strength in relation to competitive level in male handball players. PLoS One. 2021;9;16(12):1-13.
- Vidal Pérez D, Martínez-Sanz JM, Ferriz-Valero A, Gómez-Vicente V, Ausó E. Relationship of Limb Lengths and Body Composition to Lifting in Weightlifting. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;17;18(2):756.
- Nevill AM, Oxford SW, Duncan MJ. Optimal Body Size and Limb Length Ratios Associated with 100-m Personal-Best Swim Speeds. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(8):1714-8.
- Ferland PM, Laurier A, Comtois AS. Relationships between anthropometry and maximal strength in male classic powerlifters. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2020;13(4):1512–1531.
- Kranick M. The effect of limb length or total body height on maximal muscle strength. Logos: A Journal of Undergraduate Research. 2016;9:44-54.
- Daly RM, Lundgren SS, Linden C, Karlsson MK. Muscle determinants of bone mass, geometry and strength in prepubertal girls. Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 2008;40(6):1135-1141.
- Eliöz M, Atan T, Saç A, Yamak B. Sporcu ve sedanterlerde Q açısı ile bazı fiziksel özellikler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;6(1):58-65.
- Akyüz Ö. (2017). Müsabaka dönemindeki futbolcularda sekiz haftalık antrenmanın bazı fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2017; 2(1): 85-95.
- Yalız Solmaz D. Aydın G. Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde Eğitim Gören Öğrencilerin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;3(1):34-46.
- Öztürk M. Üniversitede eğitim-öğretim gören öğrencilerde uluslararası fiziksel aktivite anketinin geçerliliği ve güvenirliği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara. 2005.
- Dean RS, DePhillipo NN, Kiely MT, Schwery NA, Monson JK, LaPrade RF. Femur Length is Correlated with Isometric Quadriceps Strength in Post-Operative Patients. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022;2;17(4):628-635.
- Bahşi A, Altındağ Ö, Akaltun MS, Aydeniz A, Avcı EE, Gür A. Comparison of the Effects of Isokinetic, Isometric, and Isotonic Exercises on Knee Osteoarthritis Using Ultrasound. Cureus. 2022;23;14(8):e28324.
- Gürol B, Yılmaz İ. İzokinetik kuvvet antrenmanı. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;11(1): 1-11.
- SPSS Inc. SPSS for windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc. 2007. http://www.unimuenster.de/imperia/md/content/ziv/service/software/spss/handbuecher/englisch/ spss_brief_guide_16.0.pdf.
- Kalaycıoğlu O, Akhanlı SE. Sağlık araştırmalarında güç analizinin önemi ve temel prensipleri: Tıbbi çalışmalar üzerinde uygulamalı örnekler. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2020;18(1):103-112.
- Nefesoğlu İ, Bas O. The Effect of the Kinanthropometric Profile on Leg Strength and Hand Grip Strength in Young Female Swimmers. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;5(1):18-32.
- Nimphius S, McBride JM, Rice PE, Goodman-Capps CL, Capps CR. Comparison of Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscle Activity during an Isometric Squat between Strength-Matched Men and Women. J Sports Sci Med. 2019;11;18(1):101-108.
- Kanehisa H, Ikegawa S, Tsunoda N, Fukunaga T. Strength and cross-sectional area of knee extensor muscles in children. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1994;68(5):402-5.
- Akşit T, Ozkol MZ, Vural F, Pekünlü E, Aydınoğlu R, Varol R. Contribution of Anthropometric Characteristics to Critical Swimming Velocity and Estimated Propulsive Force. Journal of physical education and sport. 2017;17(1):212-218.
- Bhave A, Shabtai L, Woelber E, Apelyan A, Paley D, Herzenberg JE. Muscle strength and knee range of motion after femoral lengthening. Acta orthopaedica. 2017;88(2):179-184.
- Krieg AH, Gehmert S, Neeser OL, Kaelin X, Speth BM. Gain of length–loss of strength? Alteration in muscle strength after femoral leg lengthening in young patients: a prospective longitudinal observational study. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. 2018;27(5):399-403.
- Pizzigalli L, Micheletti Cremasco M, Torre Antonio L, Rainoldi A, Roberto B. Hand grip strength and anthropometric characteristics in Italian female national basketball teams. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2016;57(5):521-528.
- Alahmari KA, Silvian SP, Reddy RS, Kakaraparthi VN, Ahmad I, Alam MM. Hand grip strength determination for healthy males in Saudi Arabia: A study of the relationship with age, body mass index, hand length and forearm circumference using a hand-held dynamometer. Journal of International Medical Research. 2017;45(2):540-548.
- Baskan AH, Sarialioglu N, Kalayci M. Elit ve rekreasyonel spor tırmanışçılarının önkol ve el antropometrik özelliklerinin kavrama kuvvetleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Journal of ROL Sport Sciences. 2023;617-634.
- Bhat AK, Jindal R, Acharya AM. The influence of ethnic differences based on upper limb anthropometry on grip and pinch strength. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2021;21:101504.
- Smith S, Rush J, Glaviano NR, Murray A, Bazett-Jones D, Bouillon L, Blackburn T, Norte G. Sex influences the relationship between hamstrings-to-quadriceps strength imbalance and co-activation during walking gait. Gait & Posture. 2021;88:138-145.
- Harput G, Tunay VB, Ithurburn MP. Quadriceps and hamstring strength symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2020;30(1):1-8.
- Grbic V, Djuric S, Knezevic OM, Mirkov DM, Nedeljkovic A, Jaric S. A novel two-velocity method for elaborate isokinetic testing of knee extensors. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017;38(10):741-746.
- Rüst CA, Knechtle B, Knechtle P, Wirth A, Rosemann T. A comparison of anthropometric and training characteristics among recreational male Ironman triathletes and ultra-endurance cyclists. Chin J Physiol. 2012;55(2):114-24.
- Ogueta-Alday A, Morante JC, Gómez-Molina J, García-López J. Similarities and differences among half-marathon runners according to their performance level. PLoS One. 2018;24;13(1):e0191688.
EFFECT OF FEMUR LENGTH ON QUADRICEPS AND HAMSTRING ISOKINETIC STRENGTH PROPERTIES ACCORDING TO GENDER
Year 2024,
Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 306 - 314, 23.12.2024
Burcu Aslantekin
,
Zekine Pündük
,
Ömür Karaca
,
Emrah Özcan
,
İlter Kuş
Abstract
Purpose
This study was carried out to determine the relationship between femur length, quadriceps and hamstring strength and endurance in individuals who are active in daily life but do not do regular sports.
Methods
43 women (mean age: 34.60 years) and 47 men (mean age: 34.95 years) volunteers participated in the study. The femoral length and isokinetic muscle strength characteristics of the participants were measured. In addition, physical activity levels were evaluated with short form of the International Physical Activity Form (IPAQ).
Results
Q and H peak torque, peak torque/body weight, total work, total work/body weight, Hamstring/Quadriceps ratio were found to be higher in males (p<0.01). According to Spearman correlation analysis, a positive correlation was found between femur length and knee extensor muscle strength, muscle endurance, peak torque/body weight, total work/body weight in women (p<0.05). On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between femur length and total work at only 60°/sec speed in men (p<0.05).
Conclusion
As a result, it was seen that men were more advantageous than women in terms of muscle strength, muscular endurance and muscle strength per kilogram. In addition, it was concluded that with the increase of the H/Q ratio, knee joint stability increased and the risk of injury decreased in men. It was observed that women with longer femur lengths were more advantageous in terms of muscle strength than short ones, and especially their knee extensor muscles were stronger and more durable. In men, longer femur length was associated with muscular endurance rather than muscle strength. As a result, it was concluded that having a long femur length provides an advantage in terms of muscle strength and endurance.
References
- Pietraszewska J, Struzik A, Burdukiewicz A, Stachoń A, Pietraszewski B. Relationships between body build and knee joint flexor and extensor torque of polish first-division soccer players. Applied Sciences. 2020;10(3):783.
- Taşdemir FC. Periferik kas kuvvetinin değerlendirilmesi. Güncel Göğüs Hastalıkları Serisi. 2019;7(1):39-49.
- Okwudili JD, Onuorah OC, Agha MM, Mong EU, Dim PA, Ahanonu O, John JN. Relationship of quadriceps femoris muscle strength and endurance with selected anthropometric indices. International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal. 2019;4(4):193-196.
- Çevik Saldıran T, Atıcı E, Öztürk Ö, Azim Rezae D. Cinsiyet Farklılığının Alt Ekstremite Kas Kuvveti ve Kas Mekanik Özelliklerinde Oluşturduğu Değişiklikler-Bir Pilot Çalışma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences. 2020;5(3):530-537.
- Puthucheary Z, Kordi M, Rawal J, Eleftheriou KI, Payne J, Montgomery HE. The relationship between lower limb bone and muscle in military recruits, response to physical training, and influence of smoking status. Scientific Reports. 2015;20(5):9323.
- Lijewski M, Burdukiewicz A, Stachoń A, Pietraszewska J. Differences in anthropometric variables and muscle strength in relation to competitive level in male handball players. PLoS One. 2021;9;16(12):1-13.
- Vidal Pérez D, Martínez-Sanz JM, Ferriz-Valero A, Gómez-Vicente V, Ausó E. Relationship of Limb Lengths and Body Composition to Lifting in Weightlifting. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;17;18(2):756.
- Nevill AM, Oxford SW, Duncan MJ. Optimal Body Size and Limb Length Ratios Associated with 100-m Personal-Best Swim Speeds. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(8):1714-8.
- Ferland PM, Laurier A, Comtois AS. Relationships between anthropometry and maximal strength in male classic powerlifters. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2020;13(4):1512–1531.
- Kranick M. The effect of limb length or total body height on maximal muscle strength. Logos: A Journal of Undergraduate Research. 2016;9:44-54.
- Daly RM, Lundgren SS, Linden C, Karlsson MK. Muscle determinants of bone mass, geometry and strength in prepubertal girls. Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 2008;40(6):1135-1141.
- Eliöz M, Atan T, Saç A, Yamak B. Sporcu ve sedanterlerde Q açısı ile bazı fiziksel özellikler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;6(1):58-65.
- Akyüz Ö. (2017). Müsabaka dönemindeki futbolcularda sekiz haftalık antrenmanın bazı fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2017; 2(1): 85-95.
- Yalız Solmaz D. Aydın G. Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde Eğitim Gören Öğrencilerin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;3(1):34-46.
- Öztürk M. Üniversitede eğitim-öğretim gören öğrencilerde uluslararası fiziksel aktivite anketinin geçerliliği ve güvenirliği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara. 2005.
- Dean RS, DePhillipo NN, Kiely MT, Schwery NA, Monson JK, LaPrade RF. Femur Length is Correlated with Isometric Quadriceps Strength in Post-Operative Patients. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022;2;17(4):628-635.
- Bahşi A, Altındağ Ö, Akaltun MS, Aydeniz A, Avcı EE, Gür A. Comparison of the Effects of Isokinetic, Isometric, and Isotonic Exercises on Knee Osteoarthritis Using Ultrasound. Cureus. 2022;23;14(8):e28324.
- Gürol B, Yılmaz İ. İzokinetik kuvvet antrenmanı. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;11(1): 1-11.
- SPSS Inc. SPSS for windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc. 2007. http://www.unimuenster.de/imperia/md/content/ziv/service/software/spss/handbuecher/englisch/ spss_brief_guide_16.0.pdf.
- Kalaycıoğlu O, Akhanlı SE. Sağlık araştırmalarında güç analizinin önemi ve temel prensipleri: Tıbbi çalışmalar üzerinde uygulamalı örnekler. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2020;18(1):103-112.
- Nefesoğlu İ, Bas O. The Effect of the Kinanthropometric Profile on Leg Strength and Hand Grip Strength in Young Female Swimmers. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;5(1):18-32.
- Nimphius S, McBride JM, Rice PE, Goodman-Capps CL, Capps CR. Comparison of Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscle Activity during an Isometric Squat between Strength-Matched Men and Women. J Sports Sci Med. 2019;11;18(1):101-108.
- Kanehisa H, Ikegawa S, Tsunoda N, Fukunaga T. Strength and cross-sectional area of knee extensor muscles in children. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1994;68(5):402-5.
- Akşit T, Ozkol MZ, Vural F, Pekünlü E, Aydınoğlu R, Varol R. Contribution of Anthropometric Characteristics to Critical Swimming Velocity and Estimated Propulsive Force. Journal of physical education and sport. 2017;17(1):212-218.
- Bhave A, Shabtai L, Woelber E, Apelyan A, Paley D, Herzenberg JE. Muscle strength and knee range of motion after femoral lengthening. Acta orthopaedica. 2017;88(2):179-184.
- Krieg AH, Gehmert S, Neeser OL, Kaelin X, Speth BM. Gain of length–loss of strength? Alteration in muscle strength after femoral leg lengthening in young patients: a prospective longitudinal observational study. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. 2018;27(5):399-403.
- Pizzigalli L, Micheletti Cremasco M, Torre Antonio L, Rainoldi A, Roberto B. Hand grip strength and anthropometric characteristics in Italian female national basketball teams. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2016;57(5):521-528.
- Alahmari KA, Silvian SP, Reddy RS, Kakaraparthi VN, Ahmad I, Alam MM. Hand grip strength determination for healthy males in Saudi Arabia: A study of the relationship with age, body mass index, hand length and forearm circumference using a hand-held dynamometer. Journal of International Medical Research. 2017;45(2):540-548.
- Baskan AH, Sarialioglu N, Kalayci M. Elit ve rekreasyonel spor tırmanışçılarının önkol ve el antropometrik özelliklerinin kavrama kuvvetleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Journal of ROL Sport Sciences. 2023;617-634.
- Bhat AK, Jindal R, Acharya AM. The influence of ethnic differences based on upper limb anthropometry on grip and pinch strength. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2021;21:101504.
- Smith S, Rush J, Glaviano NR, Murray A, Bazett-Jones D, Bouillon L, Blackburn T, Norte G. Sex influences the relationship between hamstrings-to-quadriceps strength imbalance and co-activation during walking gait. Gait & Posture. 2021;88:138-145.
- Harput G, Tunay VB, Ithurburn MP. Quadriceps and hamstring strength symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2020;30(1):1-8.
- Grbic V, Djuric S, Knezevic OM, Mirkov DM, Nedeljkovic A, Jaric S. A novel two-velocity method for elaborate isokinetic testing of knee extensors. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017;38(10):741-746.
- Rüst CA, Knechtle B, Knechtle P, Wirth A, Rosemann T. A comparison of anthropometric and training characteristics among recreational male Ironman triathletes and ultra-endurance cyclists. Chin J Physiol. 2012;55(2):114-24.
- Ogueta-Alday A, Morante JC, Gómez-Molina J, García-López J. Similarities and differences among half-marathon runners according to their performance level. PLoS One. 2018;24;13(1):e0191688.