Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING AND TREATMENT APPROACHES OF PHYSICIANS WORKING IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS AFTER CARDIAC ARREST

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 22 - 32, 27.08.2024

Abstract

Objective
The intensive care process begins with the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest (CA). It has been reported in international guidelines on post-resuscitation care that close hemodynamic monitoring and targeted implementation of treatment strategies after identification and elimination of the pathology causing CA are factors affecting survival. With this study, we aimed to determine the approaches of our country's intensive care physicians regarding hemodynamic monitoring and treatment practices after CA.

Method
After obtaining local ethics committee approval, the survey was sent to intensive care specialists via e-mail and social media tools. The survey consisted of 15 questions in total. The first 4 questions were about demographic data, the other questions were about preferred hemodynamic monitoring methods and their preferred inotropic and vasopressor agent choices when necessary.

Results
Totally 122 physicians participated in the survey. 63.9% of the participants had less than 10 years of intensive care experience. There was no written protocol regarding hemodynamic monitoring and treatment after CA in the institutions where 81.1% of the participants worked. It has been determined that intensive care physicians always use invasive and noninvasive arterial pressure, central venous pressure (CVP) and lactate measurement among hemodynamic monitoring techniques after CA, but never use pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) measurement. Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), leg raising test, inferior vena cava diameter by ultrasonography, and end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2) measurements were sometimes used. The majority of participants were unable to use cardiac output monitoring. Among these methods, arterial catheter wave analysis is the most preferred. The rate of routine echocardiography after cardiac arrest was lower. While crystalloids were the first choice in volume deficit, noradrenaline was the first choice as a vasopressor and dopamine as an inotrope.

Conclusion
Deaths in the early period after CA are often due to cardiac causes. Making the right decision and choosing the right method increases the patient's chance of survival. Therefore, we believe that close hemodynamic monitoring and noninvasive methods such as echocardiography are important for early diagnosis and treatment of the problem.

References

  • Jerry P. Nolan, Claudio Sandroni, Bernd W. Bo¨ttiger. European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines 2021: Post-resuscitation care. 2021, 220-269.
  • S. Laver, C. Farrow,D.Turner, and J.Nolan, “Mode of death after admission to an intensive care unit following cardiac arrest,” Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 2126–2128, 2004.
  • Jacob C. Jentzer, Meshe D. Chonde, and Cameron Dezfulian. Myocardial Dysfunction and Shock after Cardiac Arrest. BioMed Research International. 2015, Article ID 314796, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/314796.
  • Staer-Jensen H, Sunde K, Nakstad ER, Eritsland J, Andersen GØ. Comparison of three haemodynamic monitoring methods in comatose post cardiac arrest patients. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2018 Jun;52(3):141-148.
  • Jean-Louis Teboul 1, Bernd Saugel 2, Maurizio Cecconi 3, et all. Less invasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2016 Sep;42(9):1350-9.
  • Litton E, Morgan M. The PiCCO monitor: a review. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2012;40:393–409.
  • Nolan JP, Sandroni C, Böttiger BW, et all. European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care. Intensive Care Med. 2021 Apr;47(4):369-421.
  • Ashish R. Panchal, MD, PhD, Chair Jason A. Bartos, MD, PhD José G. Cabañas, MD, et all. Chair On behalf of the Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Writing Group Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC. Circulation. 2020;142(suppl 2):S366–S468. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916.
  • Johanna Laurikkalaa, Erika Wilkmana, Ville Pettilä a,b, et all. Mean arterial pressure and vasopressor load after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Associations with one-year neurologic outcome. Resuscitation 105 (2016) 116–122.
  • Vladimir A. Negovsky*, Alexander M. Gurvitch. Post-resuscitation disease - a new nosological entity. Its reality and significance. Resuscitation3 0 (1995)2 3-27.
  • Sotirios Kakavas, Athanasios Chalkias, Theodoros Xanthos. Vasoactive support in the optimization of post-cardiac arrest hemodynamic status: From pharmacology to clinical practice. European Journal of Pharmacology 667 (2011) 32–40.
  • Dellinger, R.P., Levy, M.M., Carlet, J.M., et all. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Med. 34, 17–60.
  • Tuomas Oksanena,*, Markus Skrifvars a, Erika Wilkmana, Ilkka Tierala b, Ville Pettilä a, Tero Varpulaa. Postresuscitation hemodynamics during therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation: A retrospective study. Resuscitation 85 (2014) 1018–1024.

YOĞUN BAKIMLARDA GÖREV ALAN HEKİMLERİN KARDİYAK ARREST SONRASI HEMODİNAMİK İZLEM VE TEDAVİ YAKLAŞIMLARI

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 22 - 32, 27.08.2024

Abstract

Amaç
Kardiyak arrest (KA) sonrası spontan dolaşımın geri dönmesi (SDGD) ile yoğun bakım süreci başlamaktadır. KA’e neden olan patolojinin belirlenmesi ve ortadan kaldırılmasının ardından yakın hemodinamik izlem ve tedavi stratejilerinin hedefe yönelik gerçekleştirilmesi sağ kalımı etkileyen faktörlerden olduğu resüsistasyon sonrası bakım ile ilgili uluslararası kılavuzlarda bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile ülkemiz yoğun bakım hekimlerinin KA sonrası hemodinamik izlem ve tedavi uygulamaları hakkındaki yaklaşımlarını belirlemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntem
Yerel etik kurul onamı alındıktan sonra yoğun bakım uzmanlarına hazırlanan anket e-mail ve sosyal medya araçları ile ulaştırılmıştır. Anket toplam 15 sorudan oluşmakta idi. İlk 4 soru demografik veriler, diğer sorular tercih edilen hemodinamik monitorizasyon yöntemleri ve gerektiğinde tercih ettikleri inotropik ve vazopressör ajan seçimleri ile ilgiliydi.

Bulgular
Ankete 122 hekim katıldı. Katılanların % 63,9’unun yoğun bakım deneyimi 10 yılın altındaydı. Katılımcıların % 81,1'inin çalıştığı kurumlarda KA sonrası hemodinamik izlem ve tedavi ile ilgili bir yazılı protokolü bulunmamaktadır. Yoğun bakım hekimlerimiz KA sonrası hemodinamik monitorizasyon tekniklerinden invaziv ve noninvaziv arter basıncı, santral venöz basınç (SVB) ve laktat ölçümünü daima kullanırken, pulmoner arter basıncı (PAB) ölçümünü hiçbir zaman kullanmadıkları saptanmıştır. Miks venöz oksijen satürasyonu (SvO2), bacak kaldırma testi, ultrasonografi ile vena cava inferior çapı ve end-tidal karbondioksit (etCO2) ölçümlerini ise bazen kullanmaktaydılar. Kardiyak output monitörizasyonunu katılımcıların çoğunluğu kullanamamaktadır. Bu yöntemlerin içerisinde ise en çok arteriyel katater dalga analizi tercih edilmektedir. Kardiyak arrest sonrası rutin olarak ekokardiyografi yapılma oranı daha düşüktü. Volüm açığında ilk kristalloidler tercih edilirken, vazopressör olarak ilk tercihin nöradrenalin, inotrop olarak ise dopamin olduğu izlendi.

Sonuç
KA sonrası erken dönemde ölümler sıklıkla kardiyak nedenlere bağlı olmaktadır. Doğru karar vermek ve doğru yöntemi seçmek hastanın hayatta kalma şansını arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle yakın hemodinamik takip ve ekokardiyografi gibi noninvaziv yöntemlerin sorunun erken tanı ve tedavisi açısından önemli olduğu kanatindeyiz.

Ethical Statement

07.07.2024

Supporting Institution

-

Thanks

-

References

  • Jerry P. Nolan, Claudio Sandroni, Bernd W. Bo¨ttiger. European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines 2021: Post-resuscitation care. 2021, 220-269.
  • S. Laver, C. Farrow,D.Turner, and J.Nolan, “Mode of death after admission to an intensive care unit following cardiac arrest,” Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 2126–2128, 2004.
  • Jacob C. Jentzer, Meshe D. Chonde, and Cameron Dezfulian. Myocardial Dysfunction and Shock after Cardiac Arrest. BioMed Research International. 2015, Article ID 314796, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/314796.
  • Staer-Jensen H, Sunde K, Nakstad ER, Eritsland J, Andersen GØ. Comparison of three haemodynamic monitoring methods in comatose post cardiac arrest patients. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2018 Jun;52(3):141-148.
  • Jean-Louis Teboul 1, Bernd Saugel 2, Maurizio Cecconi 3, et all. Less invasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2016 Sep;42(9):1350-9.
  • Litton E, Morgan M. The PiCCO monitor: a review. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2012;40:393–409.
  • Nolan JP, Sandroni C, Böttiger BW, et all. European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care. Intensive Care Med. 2021 Apr;47(4):369-421.
  • Ashish R. Panchal, MD, PhD, Chair Jason A. Bartos, MD, PhD José G. Cabañas, MD, et all. Chair On behalf of the Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Writing Group Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC. Circulation. 2020;142(suppl 2):S366–S468. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916.
  • Johanna Laurikkalaa, Erika Wilkmana, Ville Pettilä a,b, et all. Mean arterial pressure and vasopressor load after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Associations with one-year neurologic outcome. Resuscitation 105 (2016) 116–122.
  • Vladimir A. Negovsky*, Alexander M. Gurvitch. Post-resuscitation disease - a new nosological entity. Its reality and significance. Resuscitation3 0 (1995)2 3-27.
  • Sotirios Kakavas, Athanasios Chalkias, Theodoros Xanthos. Vasoactive support in the optimization of post-cardiac arrest hemodynamic status: From pharmacology to clinical practice. European Journal of Pharmacology 667 (2011) 32–40.
  • Dellinger, R.P., Levy, M.M., Carlet, J.M., et all. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Med. 34, 17–60.
  • Tuomas Oksanena,*, Markus Skrifvars a, Erika Wilkmana, Ilkka Tierala b, Ville Pettilä a, Tero Varpulaa. Postresuscitation hemodynamics during therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation: A retrospective study. Resuscitation 85 (2014) 1018–1024.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Intensive Care
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Nurcan Doruk 0000-0003-0141-1111

Sedat Hakimoğlu 0000-0002-1556-7996

Aslınur Sagün 0000-0002-7884-5842

Pınar Karabacak 0000-0002-6210-5962

Ahmet Sari 0000-0002-7368-8147

Eyyüp Sabri Özden 0000-0002-8070-0159

Erdi Hüseyin Erdem 0000-0002-1416-5354

Publication Date August 27, 2024
Submission Date August 9, 2024
Acceptance Date August 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Doruk N, Hakimoğlu S, Sagün A, Karabacak P, Sari A, Özden ES, Erdem EH. YOĞUN BAKIMLARDA GÖREV ALAN HEKİMLERİN KARDİYAK ARREST SONRASI HEMODİNAMİK İZLEM VE TEDAVİ YAKLAŞIMLARI. TJR. August 2024;3(1):22-32.