Advances in Carbon-Based Electrochemical Sensors: A Review on Materials and Future Perspectives

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 19 - 36, 27.12.2024

Sajjad Ali Chang , Aamna Balouch , Abdullah . , Rubab Mansoor , Nihal Deligönül , Haji Muhammad , Mustafa Tüzen

Abstract

Environmental pollution is a significant challenge to the rise of health risks globally. The electrochemical sensing of hazardous pollutants has emerged as a tool valuable for ecological monitoring due to its cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, and rapid detection. Carbon-based materials have been studied widely and employed as both electrode materials and due modifiers to their versatility, excellent conductivity, large surface area, and ability to form materials hybrid with polymers, metals, and metal oxide. This review provides an overview of different carbon materials, such as glassy carbon, screen-printed electrodes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene highly their roles in enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors. Additionally, their incorporation of composites hybrids and strategies functionalization is discussed to improve methods sensor performance for real-time in filed applications. Carbon materials' unique properties are essential components in efficient development and reliable sensors for environmental contaminants detection. Future research focuses direction on sustainable practices fabrication, advanced material characterization, and composite innovative designs to address pollutants emerging and extend the applicability of sensors of electrochemical in food safety and healthcare monitoring.

Keywords

Sensors, Environmental, Electrochemical Sensor, Carbon Electrode, Applications, Future Material

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted following ethical guidelines, ensuring no harm to the environment or living organisms during experimentation. All data were collected, analyzed, and reported transparently, maintaining integrity and objectivity. Proper acknowledgments were given to collaborators, and no conflicts of interest existed.

Supporting Institution

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi

Project Number

Türkiye Burslari Scholarship Program 2023/4

Thanks

Turkiye Burslari and Tubitak Fellowship Committee and Turkish Government

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