ÖZET
Osmanlı’da
modern devleti inşa etme düşüncesi Tanzimat ile kapsamlı bir içerik taşır.
Tanzimat ile birlikte, siyasal, yönetsel, hukuksal, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel
yapıların, modern devlet paradigması içerisinde, bir değişimi öngörülmüştür. Bu
dönemde güçlü merkezi bir devlet kurmak, bu eksende birçok farklı unsuru
bütünleştirmek ve yurttaşlık kimliği oluşturmak amacıyla düzenlemeler yapılmış,
taşrayı merkeze bağlayıcı yönetsel ve hukuksal araçlar inşa edilmiştir.
Meşrutiyet dönemi İttihatçı aktörler bu düşünceyi etkili bir biçimde devam
ettirmiş, milli kimliği yaratıcı politikalar ve araçlar etkili bir biçimde
kullanılmaya çalışılmıştır. Erken Cumhuriyet dönemi kurucu aktörleri ise modern
devlet bağlamında kapsamlı reformlar yapmış, modern ulus devleti kurucu
araçları radikal bir biçimde inşa etmiştir. Bu dönemde güçlü bir modern devlet
için merkeziyetçilik, laiklik, halkçılık, milli kimlik önemli görülen
dinamikler olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Tanzimattan Erken Cumhuriyete modern devletin
inşa sürecini siyasal, kurumsal, hukuksal ve toplumsal bir perspektif ile
süreklilik ve kopuş noktaları üzerinden tartışmayı denemektedir. Dönemsel
olarak, modern devlet felsefesini/paradigmasını biçimlendiren reformlar farklı
dinamikler üzerinden tartışılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Modern Devlet, Osmanlı Devleti,
Tanzimat, Meşrutiyet, Erken Cumhuriyet
ABSTRACT
The idea of building a modern
state in the Ottoman Empire has a comprehensive content with the Tanzimat.
Together with the Tanzimat, a change of political, administrative, legal,
economic and socio-cultural structures within the modern state paradigm was
envisaged. In this period, arrangements were made in order to establish a
strong central state, to integrate many different elements in this axis and to
establish a citizenship identity, and administrative and legal instruments
binding the provincial center were built. The Unionist actors in the
Constitutional Monarchy period continued this idea effectively and tried to use
the policies and tools that create national identity effectively. The founding
actors of the early Republican period have made extensive reforms in the context
of the modern state, and the modern nation state has radically built the
founding instruments. In this period, centralism, secularism, populism and
national identity were important dynamics for a strong modern state. This paper
tries to discuss the construction process of modern state from Tanzimat to
Early Republic through a political, institutional, legal and social perspective
and points of continuity and rupture. Periodically, the reforms that shape the
modern state philosophy / paradigm have been tried to be discussed through
different dynamics.
Keywords: Modern State, Ottoman Empire,
Tanzimat, Constitutional Monarchy, Early Republic
The idea of building a modern state in the Ottoman
Empire has a comprehensive content with the Tanzimat. Together with the
Tanzimat, a change of political, administrative, legal, economic and
socio-cultural structures within the modern state paradigm was envisaged. In
this period, arrangements were made in order to establish a strong central
state, to integrate many different elements in this axis and to establish a
citizenship identity, and administrative and legal instruments binding the provincial
center were built. The Unionist actors in the Constitutional Monarchy period
continued this idea effectively and tried to use the policies and tools that
create national identity effectively. The founding actors of the early
Republican period have made extensive reforms in the context of the modern
state, and the modern nation state has radically built the founding
instruments. In this period, centralism, secularism, populism and national
identity were important dynamics for a strong modern state. This paper tries to
discuss the construction process of modern state from Tanzimat to Early
Republic through a political, institutional, legal and social perspective and
points of continuity and rupture. Periodically, the reforms that shape the
modern state philosophy / paradigm have been tried to be discussed through
different dynamics.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | September 15, 2019 |
Published in Issue | Year 2019 |