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LOTTE (CHARLOTTE) REINIGER'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ART OF ANIMATION AND HISTORY'S FIRST SILHOUETTE ANIMATION FILM 'THE ADVENTURES OF PRINCE AHMED'

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 7, 226 - 237, 28.02.2020
https://doi.org/10.30520/tjsosci.686210

Abstract

The first animated feature in the history of cinema, The Adventures of Prince Achmed, the silhouette animated film produced by German female animation artist and director Lotte (Charlotte) Reiniger, produced by shooting more than 250,000 frames with scenes in which detailed characters and objects are posed became one of his movies. Reiniger was 26 years old when this 60-minute animated film, which lasted three years, produced in 1926. The multi-layer camera with his own invention (1924) contributed to the development of the stop shooting technique during his long production life between 1919 and 1980 with the animation films he produced using Tricktisch. Despite all the destructions of the Second World War, Reiniger managed to watch the fascinating tales and oriental beauty of the East as a Western female director and animation artist. Contribution of German female director and animation artist Lotte Reiniger to animation and the silhouette animation film repaired in England in 2001, damaged by the Berlin bombing during the Second World War Prince Ahmed's Adventures are the subject of this research. In addition, the stop-motion technique and Prince Ahmed's Adventures animated film method were discussed. Although it has been observed that Tricktisch actively used in the production of animation films for a long time after the invention, it has been reached the idea that computer-aided animation programs are taking place today. In addition, the film, inspired by 1001 Nights, has seen magnificent palaces, princess, witch, fairy and mystical birds, flying horses and legendary monsters. Today, it has been concluded that the age continues as high-budget animation films with technological possibilities and opportunities.

References

  • Brostow, G. J. ve Essa, I. (2001). Image-Based Motion Blur for Stop Motion Animation. In Proceedings of The 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (pp. 561-566). ACM.
  • Shaw, S. (2012). Stop Motion: Craft Skills for Model Animation. Routledge.
  • Giesen, R. ve Storm, J. P. (2012). Animation Under the Swastika: A History of Trickfilm in Nazi Germany, 1933-1945. McFarland.
  • Guerin, F. ve Mebold, A. (2016). Lotte Reiniger.
  • Hoban, G. F. (2005). From Claymation to Slowmation: A Teaching Procedure to Develop Students' Science Understandings. Teaching Science, 51(2), 26.
  • Hoban, G. ve Nielsen, W. (2014). Creating a Narrated Stop-Motion Animation to Explain Science: The Affordances of “Slowmation” for Generating Discussion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 42, 68-78.
  • Priebe, K. A. (2011). The Advanced Art of Stop-Motion Animation. Cengage Learning.
  • Ratner, M. (2006). In The Shadows by Megan Ratner Art on Paper, Vol. 10, No. 3 (January/February 2006), pp. 44-49. Art on Paper, 10(3), 44-49.
  • Schönfeld, C. (2006). Lotte Reiniger and The Art of Animation.
  • Moritz, W. (1996a). Lotte Reiniger. Animation World Magazine, 1(3). https://www.awn.com/mag/issue1.3/articles/moritz1.3.html Erişim: 01.02.2020 Moritz, W. (1996b). Some Critical Perspectives on Lotte Reiniger. Animation journal, 5, 40-51.
  • Taylor, K. V. (2011). National Identity, Gender, and Genre: The Multiple Marginalization of Lotte Reiniger and The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926).
  • Thomas, A. ve Tufano, N. (2010). Stop Motion Animation. DIY Media: Creating, Sharing, and Learning With New Technologies, 161-184.
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  • URL 5. (2020). https://maryland.ucla.tv/live-score-the-adventures-of-prince-achmed-2-minute-cut-us-md.edu.tv Erişim: 01.02.2020
  • URL 6. (2020). http://www.reelsolutions.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/The-Adventures-of-Prince-Achmed.jpg Erişim: 01.02.2020

LOTTE (CHARLOTTE) REİNİGER’İN CANLANDIRMA SANATINA KATKILARI VE TARİHİN İLK SİLÜET CANLANDIRMA FİLMİ ‘PRENS AHMED'İN MACERALARI’

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 7, 226 - 237, 28.02.2020
https://doi.org/10.30520/tjsosci.686210

Abstract

Alman kadın canlandırma sanatçısı ve yönetmen Lotte (Charlotte) Reiniger'in keserek oluşturduğu detaylı karakter ve nesnelerin poz verildiği sahnelerle 250.000'den fazla karenin çekilmesiyle ürettiği silüet canlandırma filmi Prens Ahmed'in Maceraları (The Adventures of Prince Achmed) sinema tarihinin ilk uzun metrajlı canlandırma filmlerinden biri oldu. Üretimi üç yıl süren 60 dakikalık bu canlandırma film 1926'da ilk gösterimini yaptığında Reiniger henüz 26 yaşındaydı. Kendi buluşu (1924) olan çok katmanlı kamera Tricktisch’i kullanarak ürettiği canlandırma filmler ile 1919 ve 1980 yılları arasında olan uzun üretim hayatı boyunca duraklı çekim tekniğinin gelişimine katkı sağladı. Reiniger, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın tüm yıkıcılığına karşın Doğu’nun büyüleyici masallarını ve oryantal güzelliğini Batılı bir kadın yönetmen ve canlandırma sanatçısı olarak tüm dünyaya izletmeyi başardı. Alman kadın yönetmen ve canlandırma sanatçısı Lotte Reiniger'in canlandırma sanatına katkısı ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Berlin bombalanmasında hasar görerek 2001 yılında İngiltere’de onarılan silüet canlandırma filmi Prens Ahmed'in Maceraları, bu araştırmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra duraklı çekim tekniği (stop-motion) ve Prens Ahmed'in Maceraları canlandırma filmi yöntemi ele alınmıştır. Tricktisch’in icadından sonra canlandırma film üretiminde uzun bir süre aktif olarak kullandığı görülse de günümüzde yerini bilgisayar destekli canlandırma programlarının aldığı fikrine varılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra 1001 Gece masallarından esinlenen filmde görkemli saraylar, prenses, cadı, peri ve mistik kuşlar, uçan at ve efsanevi canavarların yer aldığı görülmüş; günümüzde ise çağın teknolojik imkân ve olanakları ile yüksek bütçeli canlandırma filmler olarak devam ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Brostow, G. J. ve Essa, I. (2001). Image-Based Motion Blur for Stop Motion Animation. In Proceedings of The 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (pp. 561-566). ACM.
  • Shaw, S. (2012). Stop Motion: Craft Skills for Model Animation. Routledge.
  • Giesen, R. ve Storm, J. P. (2012). Animation Under the Swastika: A History of Trickfilm in Nazi Germany, 1933-1945. McFarland.
  • Guerin, F. ve Mebold, A. (2016). Lotte Reiniger.
  • Hoban, G. F. (2005). From Claymation to Slowmation: A Teaching Procedure to Develop Students' Science Understandings. Teaching Science, 51(2), 26.
  • Hoban, G. ve Nielsen, W. (2014). Creating a Narrated Stop-Motion Animation to Explain Science: The Affordances of “Slowmation” for Generating Discussion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 42, 68-78.
  • Priebe, K. A. (2011). The Advanced Art of Stop-Motion Animation. Cengage Learning.
  • Ratner, M. (2006). In The Shadows by Megan Ratner Art on Paper, Vol. 10, No. 3 (January/February 2006), pp. 44-49. Art on Paper, 10(3), 44-49.
  • Schönfeld, C. (2006). Lotte Reiniger and The Art of Animation.
  • Moritz, W. (1996a). Lotte Reiniger. Animation World Magazine, 1(3). https://www.awn.com/mag/issue1.3/articles/moritz1.3.html Erişim: 01.02.2020 Moritz, W. (1996b). Some Critical Perspectives on Lotte Reiniger. Animation journal, 5, 40-51.
  • Taylor, K. V. (2011). National Identity, Gender, and Genre: The Multiple Marginalization of Lotte Reiniger and The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926).
  • Thomas, A. ve Tufano, N. (2010). Stop Motion Animation. DIY Media: Creating, Sharing, and Learning With New Technologies, 161-184.
  • URL 1, (2020). https://www.google.com/doodles/lotte-reinigers-117th-birthday Erişim: 01.02.2020
  • URL 2, (2020): http://images6.fanpop.com/image/photos/32600000/Frankenweenie-frankenweenie-32652158-500-343.jpg Erişim: 04.02.2020
  • URL 3, (2020): https://tr.instela.com/m/lotte-reiniger--i603403 Erişim: 04.02.2020
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There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İpek Fatma Çevik 0000-0003-4917-6675

Publication Date February 28, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 7

Cite

APA Çevik, İ. F. (2020). LOTTE (CHARLOTTE) REİNİGER’İN CANLANDIRMA SANATINA KATKILARI VE TARİHİN İLK SİLÜET CANLANDIRMA FİLMİ ‘PRENS AHMED’İN MACERALARI’. The Journal of Social Science, 4(7), 226-237. https://doi.org/10.30520/tjsosci.686210