Türkiye’de Artan Konut İhtiyacı ve Konut Sorununun Dinamikleri

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 133 - 158, 05.02.2023

Simge Kutsal , Çiğdem Polatoğlu

Abstract

Barınma, doğal tehlikeler, hastalık, kişisel ve çevresel güvenlik gibi hayatta kalmaya yönelik ihtiyaçlara ve dayanıklılık oluşturma, normal yaşam sürme, mahremiyet, istikrar gibi sağlıklı birey olmanın özelliklerine cevap verebilen en ilkel gereklilikten bir tanesidir. Barınma koşullarının hanehalklarının istihdamını, refahını, eğitim durumunu, sosyal istikrarlarını, çocuk ve gençlerin başarısını etkilemedeki doğrudan etkisi, konutu disiplinler arası konumda sorun olarak daima merkeze yerleştirmiştir. 20. Yüzyıldan itibaren konut sorununun evrensel olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Dünyada konut sorununun başlıca nedeni kentlerdeki hızlıca artan barınma ihtiyacıdır. Türkiye özelinde ise sorun, arz-talep dengesizliği gibi niceliksel; üretilen konutların standartı, altyapıya erişimi ve çevresel özellikleri gibi niteliksel olmak üzere iki yönlü ilerlemiştir. Yakın tarihe kadar konut üretimindeki yetersizlik sorunu oluştururken, bugün konut krizinin merkezinde konut inşa etme ve işletme maliyetlerinin kullanıcıların karşılayabileceğinden fazla olduğu gerçeği yatmaktadır. Çalışma Türkiye’deki barınma ihtiyacının temel belirleyicilerini ortaya koyarak konut sorununa neden olan etmenlere odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen literatür betimsel olarak analiz edilerek konut sorununun ortaya çıkışındaki temel etmenler sosyal, doğal, ekonomik ve politik olmak üzere dört grupta toplanmıştır. Grupların her biri nüfus artışı, kentleşme ve beklenmedik nüfus hareketleri; coğrafi konum ve doğal afetler; yeni yoksulluk, mevcut konut stokunun eskimesi ve verimsiz konut yatırımları; illegal konut üretimi, ıslahı ve tasfiyesi gibi alt belirleyicilerle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın günümüzün konut talebine yönelik dinamikleri ortaya çıkarması, küresel konut krizi hakkında farkındalık yaratması ve geleceğin konut sunma biçimlerinin yönünü belirlemede katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

barınma, konut sorunu, konut dinamikleri, kentleşme, sosyal etmenler

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