Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Detailed Analysis of Li-ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 295 - 304, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1437348

Abstract

With the developing technologies in the aviation, the transition to more electrical systems is increasing day by day. For this reason, research on the development of batteries has accelerated. Nowadays, Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries are more widely preferred due to their energy-to-weight ratio and advantages such as having a lower self-discharge rate when not working compared to other battery technologies. Batteries convert the stored chemical energy into electrical energy and heat is released as a result of the chemical reactions. The heat released negatively affects the battery's lifespan, charging/discharging time and battery output voltage. The battery must be modeled correctly to see these negative effects and intervene in time. In this way, negative situations that may occur in the battery can be intervened at the right time without any incident.
In this study, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is powered by Li-ion batteries. It is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment using the electrical equivalent circuit. A detailed model is created, taking into account temperature, state of charge (SoC), cell dynamics and operating functions. To estimate state of health (SoH) of the battery, resistance values must be known. Resistance and capacity values in the equivalent circuit of the Li-ion battery are obtained with the help of the simulation model. So, the SoH of the Li-ion batteries can be accurately predicted with the results obtained.

References

  • Tarhan B, Yetik Ö, Karakoç HT. Hybrid Battery Management System Design for Electric Aircraft. Energy 2021; 234: 121227.
  • Kaya MN, Bayrak ZU. States Based EMS for Li-ion Battery & Fuel Cell Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. IHTEC 2023 7th International Hydrogen Technologies Congress; 10-12 May 2023; Elazig, Turkey.
  • Li Y, Zhou Z, Wu WT. Three-Dimensional Thermal Modeling of Li-İon Battery Cell And 50 V Li-ion Battery Pack Cooled by Mini-Channel Cold Plate. Applied Thermal Engineering 2019; 147: 829-840.
  • Valiˇs D, Hlinka J, Forbelsk M, Proch´azka P, Cipín R, Koˇstial R, Vintr Z. Perspective Study on Charge Time Measurement of Long-Term Stored Lithium-ion Batteries Used in Electric-Powered Aircraft Assessed and Modelled by Specific Growth Model with Diffusion Process Backup. Journal of Energy Storage 2024; 80:110385.
  • Afraz MV, Mohammadi ZA, Karimi G. A Novel Compact Thermal Management Model for Performance Evaluation of Tesla-Like Lithium-on Battery Packs. Energy Conversion and Management 2024; 300: 117927.
  • Özdemir T, Ekici Ö, Köksak M. Numerical and Experimental İnvestigation of The Electrical and Thermal Behaviors of The Li-ion Batteries Under Normal and Abuse Operating Conditions. Journal of Energy Storage 2024; 77: 109880.
  • Hou X, Guo X, Yuan Y, Zhao K, Tong L, Yuan C, Teng L. The State of Health Prediction of Li-ion Batteries Based On an İmproved Extreme Learning Machine. Journal of Energy Storage 2023; 70: 108044.
  • Cheng Y. Identification of Parameters for Equivalent Circuit Model of Li-İon Battery Cell with Population Based Optimization Algorithms. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2024; 15: 102481.
  • Goswami BRD., Mastrogiorgio M, Ragone M, Jabbari V, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Mashayek F, Yurkiv V. A Combined Multiphysics Modeling and Deep Learning Framework to Predict Thermal Runaway in Cylindrical Li-ion Batteries. Journal of Power Sources 2024; 595: 234065.
  • Ghadbane HE, Rezk H, Ferahtia S, Barkat S, Al-Dhaifallah M. Optimal Parameter İdentification Strategy Applied to Lithium-ion Battery Model for Electric Vehicles Using Drive Cycle Data. Energy Reports 2024; 11: 2049-2058.
  • Mavi A, Arslan O. Numerical İnvestigation on The Thermal Management of Li-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Considering The Cooling Media with Phase Change for The Auxiliary Use. Journal of Energy Storage 2024; 77: 109964.
  • Kumar S, Akula R, Balaji C. An İnverse Methodology to Estimate the Thermal Properties and Heat Generation of A Li-İon Battery. Applied Thermal Engineering 2024; 236: 121752.
  • Lee G, Kwon D, Lee C. A Convolutional Neural Network Model for SOH Estimation of Li-İon Batteries with Physical İnterpretability. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 2023; 188: 110004.
  • Navas SJ, González GMC, Pino FJ, Guerra JJ. Modelling Li-ion Batteries Using Equivalent Circuits for Renewable Energy Applications. Energy Reports 2023; 9: 4456-4465.
  • Efe Ş, Güngör ZA. Geçmişten Günümüze Batarya Teknolojisi. European Journal of Science and Technology 2021; Special Issue 32: 947-955.
  • Yıldız M. Uçaklarda Kullanıma Yönelik Batarya Isıl Yönetim Sistemlerinin Araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü,2016.
  • Ceylan M. Lityum-İyon Tabanlı Pillerin Elektriksel Eşdeğer Modelinin Çıkartılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013.
  • Ekici YE. Batarya Yönetim Sistemleri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019.
  • Özel MA. Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Batarya Paketinin Termal Modeli ve Analizi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019.
  • Kim J, Kowal J. Development of A Matlab/Simulink Model for Monitoring Cell State-of-Health and State-of-Charge Via Impedance of Lithium-ion Battery Cells. Batteries 2022; 8: 8.
  • Yang D, Wang Y, Pan R, Chen R, Chen Z. State-Of-Health Estimation for The Lithium-ion Battery Based on Support Vector Regression. Applied Energy 2018; 227: 273-283.
  • Zhou X, Stein JL, Ersal T. Battery State of Health Monitoring by Estimation of The Number of Cyclable Li-ions. Control Engineering Practice. 2017; 66: 51-50.
  • Erdinç O, Vural B, Uzunoğlu M. Hibrit Alternatif Enerji Sistemlerinde Kullanılan Enerji Depolama Üniteleri. Elektrik-Elektronik ve Bilgisayar Sempozyumu 2011.
  • Polat DB, Keleş Ö. Lityum İyon Pil Teknolojisi. Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği Metalurji Mühendileri odası, pp: 42-48.
  • Gümüşsu E. Lityum İyon Pillerin Isıl Modellemesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2017.
  • United States Patent, Patent Number: 5,510,209, Date of Patent: Apr. 23, 1996.
  • Liu K, Li K, Peng Q, Zhang C. A Brief Review on Key Technologies in The Battery Management System of Electric Vehicles. Review Article 2019; 14(1): 47-64.
  • Barlak C. Batarya Model Parametrelerinin, Doluluk Durumunun, Sağlık Durumunun Kestirimi ve Ni-Mh Bataryalara Uygulanması, Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009.
  • Sayın AA. Elektrikli Tasıt Araçlarında Kullanılan Lityum-iyon Bataryaların Modellenmesi ve Benzetimi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011.
  • Özay O. Modelling and State of Charge Estımation for Lithium-ion Batteries, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019.
  • Estevez MAP, Calligaro S, Bottesi O, Caligiuri C, Renzi M. An Electro-Thermal Model and Its Electrical Parameters Estimation Procedure in A Lithium-ion Battery Cell. Energy 2021; 234: 121296.

Li-iyon Bataryaların İnsansız Hava Araçlarında Kullanımı için Detaylı Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 295 - 304, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1437348

Abstract

Havacılık alanında gelişen teknolojilerle birlikte daha fazla elektrikli sistemlere geçiş günden güne artmaktadır. Bu sebeple pillerin geliştirilmesine yönelik araştırmalar hız kazanmıştır. Günümüzde, enerji-ağırlık oranına ve diğer pil teknolojilerine kıyasla, çalışmadığı zamanlarda kendi kendine daha düşük deşarj oranına sahip olması gibi avantajları bulunmasından ve diğer pil türlerine göre çevreye daha az zarar vermesinden dolayı Lityum iyon (Li-iyon) bataryalar daha yaygın olarak tercih edilmektedir. Bataryalar, depoladığı kimyasal enerjiyi elektrik enerjisine dönüştürürler ve reaksiyon sonucunda ısı açığa çıkar. Açığa çıkan ısı bataryanın kullanım ömrünü, şarj/deşarj süresini ve batarya çıkış gerilimini olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Bu olumsuz etkileri görebilmek ve zamanında müdahale etmek amacıyla, bataryanın müdahale edilebilecek düzeyde modellenmesi gerekmektedir. Böylece bataryada oluşabilecek arıza durumlarında, doğru zamanda ve herhangi bir olay yaşanmadan müdahale edilebilecektir.
Bu çalışmada insansız hava aracının (İHA) gücü Li-iyon piller ile sağlanmaktadır. Li-iyon pilin elektriksel eşdeğer devresi kullanılarak Matlab/Simulink ortamında benzetimi yapılmıştır. Sıcaklık, şarj durumu, hücre dinamiği ve çalışma fonksiyonları dikkate alınarak pilin ayrıntılı bir modeli oluşturulmuştur. Pilin sağlık değerini tahmin etmek için direnç değerlerinin bilinmesi gerekir. Li-iyon pilin eşdeğer devresindeki direnç ve kapasite değerleri gerçekleştirilen model yardımıyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar sayesinde Li-iyon pillerin sağlık durumu doğru bir şekilde tahmin edilebilecektir.

Ethical Statement

Etik beyana gerek yoktur.

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen kurum yoktur.

Thanks

Bu çalışma Merve Nur Kaya'nın yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir.

References

  • Tarhan B, Yetik Ö, Karakoç HT. Hybrid Battery Management System Design for Electric Aircraft. Energy 2021; 234: 121227.
  • Kaya MN, Bayrak ZU. States Based EMS for Li-ion Battery & Fuel Cell Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. IHTEC 2023 7th International Hydrogen Technologies Congress; 10-12 May 2023; Elazig, Turkey.
  • Li Y, Zhou Z, Wu WT. Three-Dimensional Thermal Modeling of Li-İon Battery Cell And 50 V Li-ion Battery Pack Cooled by Mini-Channel Cold Plate. Applied Thermal Engineering 2019; 147: 829-840.
  • Valiˇs D, Hlinka J, Forbelsk M, Proch´azka P, Cipín R, Koˇstial R, Vintr Z. Perspective Study on Charge Time Measurement of Long-Term Stored Lithium-ion Batteries Used in Electric-Powered Aircraft Assessed and Modelled by Specific Growth Model with Diffusion Process Backup. Journal of Energy Storage 2024; 80:110385.
  • Afraz MV, Mohammadi ZA, Karimi G. A Novel Compact Thermal Management Model for Performance Evaluation of Tesla-Like Lithium-on Battery Packs. Energy Conversion and Management 2024; 300: 117927.
  • Özdemir T, Ekici Ö, Köksak M. Numerical and Experimental İnvestigation of The Electrical and Thermal Behaviors of The Li-ion Batteries Under Normal and Abuse Operating Conditions. Journal of Energy Storage 2024; 77: 109880.
  • Hou X, Guo X, Yuan Y, Zhao K, Tong L, Yuan C, Teng L. The State of Health Prediction of Li-ion Batteries Based On an İmproved Extreme Learning Machine. Journal of Energy Storage 2023; 70: 108044.
  • Cheng Y. Identification of Parameters for Equivalent Circuit Model of Li-İon Battery Cell with Population Based Optimization Algorithms. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2024; 15: 102481.
  • Goswami BRD., Mastrogiorgio M, Ragone M, Jabbari V, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Mashayek F, Yurkiv V. A Combined Multiphysics Modeling and Deep Learning Framework to Predict Thermal Runaway in Cylindrical Li-ion Batteries. Journal of Power Sources 2024; 595: 234065.
  • Ghadbane HE, Rezk H, Ferahtia S, Barkat S, Al-Dhaifallah M. Optimal Parameter İdentification Strategy Applied to Lithium-ion Battery Model for Electric Vehicles Using Drive Cycle Data. Energy Reports 2024; 11: 2049-2058.
  • Mavi A, Arslan O. Numerical İnvestigation on The Thermal Management of Li-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Considering The Cooling Media with Phase Change for The Auxiliary Use. Journal of Energy Storage 2024; 77: 109964.
  • Kumar S, Akula R, Balaji C. An İnverse Methodology to Estimate the Thermal Properties and Heat Generation of A Li-İon Battery. Applied Thermal Engineering 2024; 236: 121752.
  • Lee G, Kwon D, Lee C. A Convolutional Neural Network Model for SOH Estimation of Li-İon Batteries with Physical İnterpretability. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 2023; 188: 110004.
  • Navas SJ, González GMC, Pino FJ, Guerra JJ. Modelling Li-ion Batteries Using Equivalent Circuits for Renewable Energy Applications. Energy Reports 2023; 9: 4456-4465.
  • Efe Ş, Güngör ZA. Geçmişten Günümüze Batarya Teknolojisi. European Journal of Science and Technology 2021; Special Issue 32: 947-955.
  • Yıldız M. Uçaklarda Kullanıma Yönelik Batarya Isıl Yönetim Sistemlerinin Araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü,2016.
  • Ceylan M. Lityum-İyon Tabanlı Pillerin Elektriksel Eşdeğer Modelinin Çıkartılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013.
  • Ekici YE. Batarya Yönetim Sistemleri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019.
  • Özel MA. Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Batarya Paketinin Termal Modeli ve Analizi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019.
  • Kim J, Kowal J. Development of A Matlab/Simulink Model for Monitoring Cell State-of-Health and State-of-Charge Via Impedance of Lithium-ion Battery Cells. Batteries 2022; 8: 8.
  • Yang D, Wang Y, Pan R, Chen R, Chen Z. State-Of-Health Estimation for The Lithium-ion Battery Based on Support Vector Regression. Applied Energy 2018; 227: 273-283.
  • Zhou X, Stein JL, Ersal T. Battery State of Health Monitoring by Estimation of The Number of Cyclable Li-ions. Control Engineering Practice. 2017; 66: 51-50.
  • Erdinç O, Vural B, Uzunoğlu M. Hibrit Alternatif Enerji Sistemlerinde Kullanılan Enerji Depolama Üniteleri. Elektrik-Elektronik ve Bilgisayar Sempozyumu 2011.
  • Polat DB, Keleş Ö. Lityum İyon Pil Teknolojisi. Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği Metalurji Mühendileri odası, pp: 42-48.
  • Gümüşsu E. Lityum İyon Pillerin Isıl Modellemesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2017.
  • United States Patent, Patent Number: 5,510,209, Date of Patent: Apr. 23, 1996.
  • Liu K, Li K, Peng Q, Zhang C. A Brief Review on Key Technologies in The Battery Management System of Electric Vehicles. Review Article 2019; 14(1): 47-64.
  • Barlak C. Batarya Model Parametrelerinin, Doluluk Durumunun, Sağlık Durumunun Kestirimi ve Ni-Mh Bataryalara Uygulanması, Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009.
  • Sayın AA. Elektrikli Tasıt Araçlarında Kullanılan Lityum-iyon Bataryaların Modellenmesi ve Benzetimi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011.
  • Özay O. Modelling and State of Charge Estımation for Lithium-ion Batteries, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019.
  • Estevez MAP, Calligaro S, Bottesi O, Caligiuri C, Renzi M. An Electro-Thermal Model and Its Electrical Parameters Estimation Procedure in A Lithium-ion Battery Cell. Energy 2021; 234: 121296.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electrical Energy Storage
Journal Section TJST
Authors

Merve Nur Kaya 0009-0009-1707-5360

Zehra Ural Bayrak 0000-0001-8249-0063

Publication Date March 28, 2024
Submission Date February 14, 2024
Acceptance Date March 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaya, M. N., & Ural Bayrak, Z. (2024). Detailed Analysis of Li-ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 19(1), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1437348
AMA Kaya MN, Ural Bayrak Z. Detailed Analysis of Li-ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. TJST. March 2024;19(1):295-304. doi:10.55525/tjst.1437348
Chicago Kaya, Merve Nur, and Zehra Ural Bayrak. “Detailed Analysis of Li-Ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 19, no. 1 (March 2024): 295-304. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1437348.
EndNote Kaya MN, Ural Bayrak Z (March 1, 2024) Detailed Analysis of Li-ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 19 1 295–304.
IEEE M. N. Kaya and Z. Ural Bayrak, “Detailed Analysis of Li-ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles”, TJST, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 295–304, 2024, doi: 10.55525/tjst.1437348.
ISNAD Kaya, Merve Nur - Ural Bayrak, Zehra. “Detailed Analysis of Li-Ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 19/1 (March 2024), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1437348.
JAMA Kaya MN, Ural Bayrak Z. Detailed Analysis of Li-ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. TJST. 2024;19:295–304.
MLA Kaya, Merve Nur and Zehra Ural Bayrak. “Detailed Analysis of Li-Ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. 1, 2024, pp. 295-04, doi:10.55525/tjst.1437348.
Vancouver Kaya MN, Ural Bayrak Z. Detailed Analysis of Li-ion Batteries for Use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. TJST. 2024;19(1):295-304.