Automatic Classification of Defective Photovoltaic Module Cells Based on a Novel CNN-PCA-SVM Deep Hybrid Model in Electroluminescence Images

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 497 - 508, 30.09.2024

Andaç İmak

https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1445681

Abstract

In today’s world, the rapid development of photovoltaic (PV) power plants has facilitated sustainable energy production. Maintenance and defect detection play crucial roles in ensuring the continuity of energy production. The manual inspection of electroluminescence (EL) images of PV modules requires significant human power and time investment. This study presents a method for the automatic fault detection of PV cells in EL images using hybrid deep features optimized with a principal component analysis (PCA) feature selection algorithm. A lightweight and high-performance model that combines the strengths of convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures was proposed. First, data augmentation techniques were employed owing to the imbalance between the defective and functional classes in the dataset containing EL images. In experimental studies conducted by integrating the PCA algorithm into MobileNetV2, DenseNet201, and InceptionV3 CNN models, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values of 92.19%, 92%, 90%, and 91%, respectively, were achieved. When the results were analyzed, it was observed that the proposed method was effective in detecting faults in PV panel cells.

Keywords

Deep learning, photovoltaic cells, defect detection, feature selection

Yeni Bir CNN-PCA-SVM Derin Hibrit Modeline Dayalı Arızalı Fotovoltaik Modül Hücrelerinin Otomatik Sınıflandırılması

Abstract

Günümüzde sürdürülebilir enerji üretimi için fotovoltaik (PV) enerji santrallerinin hızlı gelişimine olanak sağlamıştır. Enerji üretiminin sürekliliğinin sağlanması için bakım ve arıza tespiti önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. PV modüllerinin elektrolüminesans (EL) görüntülerinin manuel olarak incelenmesi, büyük bir insan gücü ve zaman yatırımını gerektirir. Bu çalışmada, EL görüntülerde PV hücrelerinin otomatik arıza tespiti için hibrit derin özniteliklerin, temel bileşenler analizi (PCA) öznitelik seçme algoritması ile optimize edilen bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Evrişimsel sinir ağı (CNN) mimarilerinin güçlü yönlerini birleştiren, hafif ve yüksek performanslı bir model önerilmektedir. İlk olarak EL görüntülerini içeren veri setindeki arızalı ve işlevsel sınıflarına ait veri dengesizliğinden dolayı veri arttırma teknikleri kullanılmıştır. MobileNetV2, DenseNet201 ve InceptionV3 CNN modellerine entegre edilen PCA algoritması ile hibrit kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen deneysel çalışmalarda doğruluk, kesinlik, duyarlılık ve F1-skoru değerleri sırasıyla %92,19, %92, %90 ve %91 olarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar analiz edildiğinde, önerilen yöntemin PV panel hücrelerindeki arızaların tespitinde etkili bir performansa sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Derin öğrenme, fotovoltaik hücreler, kusur tespiti, özellik seçimi

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