Molecular examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk

Esra Altunay; Sibel Kızıl; Aziz Utku Önel

doi:10.47748/tjvr.1803810

Molecular examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk

Abstract

Objective: In this study, the detection of ESβL, Amp-c, and carbapenemase genes was aimed at K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates obtained from raw milk collected from a total of 150 healthy cows (120 samples) located in the Ankara Region and raw milk samples (30 samples) available in markets. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 150 raw milk samples (120) from healthy cows and 30 from different companies were offered for sale in markets) from 9 different family businesses located in the Ankara Region were used. Results: As a result of conventional isolation from raw milk samples, 4 K. pneumoniae and 1 E. coli were identified by traditional methods and a rapid identification kit (BBL Crystal). When examined in terms of ESβL activity, CTX-M1, SHV, TEM-1, CTX-M9, OXA-1 genes; in terms of Amp-C activity, FOX gene; and terms of carbapenemase activity, OXA-48, KPC, VIM and NDM genes were detected by the classical PCR. Conclusion: A higher rate of ESβL, Amp-C ve carbapenemase genes were detected in E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates which are isolated and identified from raw milk in the Ankara Region than in many other studies. For this reason, it is considered that milk obtained from small family businesses that feed cows and raw milk sold in markets should be followed in terms of antibiotic resistance and that people who consume these products are at risk in terms of antibiotic resistance.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Project Number

2022/069

Ethical Statement

Etik Beyana gerek bulunmamaktadır.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Veterinary Microbiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Esra Altunay
0000-0003-0174-6536
Türkiye

Sibel Kızıl ^*
0000-0003-0697-3092
Türkiye

Aziz Utku Önel
0000-0003-4596-7461
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 30, 2026

Submission Date

October 16, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 11, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1803810

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA82AR95LK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Altunay, E., Kızıl, S., & Önel, A. U. (2026). Molecular examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 10(1), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1803810

AMA

1.Altunay E, Kızıl S, Önel AU. Molecular examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk. TJVR. 2026;10(1):117-124. doi:10.47748/tjvr.1803810

Chicago

Altunay, Esra, Sibel Kızıl, and Aziz Utku Önel. 2026. “Molecular Examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and Carbapenemase Genes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Escherichia Coli Isolates from Raw Milk”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10 (1): 117-24. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1803810.

EndNote

Altunay E, Kızıl S, Önel AU (March 1, 2026) Molecular examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10 1 117–124.

IEEE

[1]E. Altunay, S. Kızıl, and A. U. Önel, “Molecular examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk”, TJVR, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 117–124, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.47748/tjvr.1803810.

ISNAD

Altunay, Esra - Kızıl, Sibel - Önel, Aziz Utku. “Molecular Examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and Carbapenemase Genes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Escherichia Coli Isolates from Raw Milk”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10/1 (March 1, 2026): 117-124. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1803810.

JAMA

1.Altunay E, Kızıl S, Önel AU. Molecular examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk. TJVR. 2026;10:117–124.

MLA

Altunay, Esra, et al. “Molecular Examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and Carbapenemase Genes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Escherichia Coli Isolates from Raw Milk”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 117-24, doi:10.47748/tjvr.1803810.

Vancouver

1.Esra Altunay, Sibel Kızıl, Aziz Utku Önel. Molecular examination of ESβL, Amp-C, and carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk. TJVR. 2026 Mar. 1;10(1):117-24. doi:10.47748/tjvr.1803810