Review

Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals

Volume: 10 Number: 2 July 16, 2026

Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals

Abstract

Exotic animal emergency and critical care management requires knowledge and experience on species-specific anatomical, physiological, and behavioural differences. While most exotic pets hide their clinical signs until advanced stages of illness, careful observation and appropriate intervention are essential to improve treatment outcomes when the animal is first presented. Stabilization of the patient is based on the correction of hypothermia and dehydration, reduction of stress, and the provision of oxygen and nutritional support, with pain management and drug administration adjusted to the species. When cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is required, differences in airway anatomy, respiratory rate, heart position, and metabolic requirements among exotic species should be taken into consideration. Drug administration, such as vasopressors, parasympatholytic agents, or glucose during CPR, should be organized based on the metabolic and enzymatic characteristics of the animal species. Monitoring of ECG, end-tidal CO₂, and body temperature is essential, especially in reptiles, because of the limited applicability of auscultation. Early diagnosis, appropriate stabilization, and an evidence-based therapeutic approach are crucial to improving the survival rate and quality of life in exotic pet patients.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

During the writing process of the study titled "Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals", scientific rules, ethical and citation rules were followed; No falsification has been made on the collected data and this study has not been sent to any other academic media for evaluation. Ethics committee approval is not required.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Veterinary Surgery

Journal Section

Review

Publication Date

July 16, 2026

Submission Date

January 8, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 2

APA
Bozkan Ünal, Z., & Dümbek, T. M. (2026). Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1859054
AMA
1.Bozkan Ünal Z, Dümbek TM. Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals. TJVR. 2026;10(2). doi:10.47748/tjvr.1859054
Chicago
Bozkan Ünal, Zeynep, and Tolga Meriç Dümbek. 2026. “Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10 (2). https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1859054.
EndNote
Bozkan Ünal Z, Dümbek TM (July 1, 2026) Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10 2
IEEE
[1]Z. Bozkan Ünal and T. M. Dümbek, “Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals”, TJVR, vol. 10, no. 2, July 2026, doi: 10.47748/tjvr.1859054.
ISNAD
Bozkan Ünal, Zeynep - Dümbek, Tolga Meriç. “Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10/2 (July 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1859054.
JAMA
1.Bozkan Ünal Z, Dümbek TM. Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals. TJVR. 2026;10. doi:10.47748/tjvr.1859054.
MLA
Bozkan Ünal, Zeynep, and Tolga Meriç Dümbek. “Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 10, no. 2, July 2026, doi:10.47748/tjvr.1859054.
Vancouver
1.Zeynep Bozkan Ünal, Tolga Meriç Dümbek. Emergency and Critical Care Management in Exotic Animals. TJVR. 2026 Jul. 1;10(2). doi:10.47748/tjvr.1859054