Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 39 - 45, 15.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1226644

Abstract

References

  • Abbas RZ, Iqbal Z, Khan A, et al. Options for integrated strategies for the control of avian coccidiosis. Int J Agric Biol. 2012; 14:1014-1020.
  • Amin MM, El-Kabany H. Evaluation of protective and treatment of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oil on Toxocara vitulorum infected rats. J Rad Res Appl Sci. 2013; 6(1):209-232.
  • Amin MM, Hafez EN, Mona A Abd Raboo. Assesment of radiation-attenuated vaccine or thyme oil treatment on controlling DNA damage and nitric oxide synthesis in brain of rat infected with Toxocara canis. Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Applications. 2016; 49(2):199-210.
  • Attia RAH, Mahmoud AE, Farrag HMM, Makboul R, Mohammed ME, Ibraheim Z. Effect of myrrh and thyme on Trichinella spiralis enteral and paranteral phases with inducible nitric oxide expression in mice. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro. 2015; 110(8):1035-1041.
  • Arczewska-Wlosek A, Swiatkiewicz S. The effect of a dietary herbal extract blend on the performance of broilers challenged with Eimeria oocysts. J Anim Feed Sci. 2012; 21:133-142.
  • Becskei C, Kryda K, Fias D, et al. Field efcacy and safety of a novel oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections in dogs presented as veterinary patients in Europe and the USA. Parasites & Vectors. 2020a; 13:70.
  • Becskei C, Kryda K, Thys M, et al. Efcacy of a new oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against induced ascarid infections in dogs. Parasites & Vectors. 2020b; 13:71.
  • Behnia M, Haghighi A, Komeylizadeh H, Tabaei SJS, Abadi A. Inhibitory Effects of Iranian Thymus vulgaris Extracts on in Vitro Growth of Entamoeba histolytica. Korean J Parasitol. 2008; 46(3):153-156.
  • Benli M, Yiğit N. Ülkemizde yaygın kullanımı olan kekik (Thymus vulgaris) bitkisinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesi. Orlab On-Line Mik Derg. 2005; 3(8):1-8.
  • Bischoff K, Guale F. Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil poisoning in three purebred cats. J Vet Diag Invest. 1998; 10:208-210.
  • Bowman DD, Parsons JC, Grieve RB, Hepler DI. Effect of milbemycin on adult Toxocara canis infections in dogs with experimentally induced infection. Am J Vet Res. 1998; 49:1986-1989.
  • Burrows CF, Batt RM, Sherding RG. Diseases of small intestine. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (eds) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 4th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia; 1995. p.1169-1231.
  • Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 94(3):223-253.
  • Cardenas RH, Nunaz CR, Contreras LM. Efficacy of two anthelmintic treatments, spinosad/milbemycin oxime and ivermectin/praziquantel in dogs with natural Toxocara spp. infection. Vet Parasitol. 2017; 247:77-79.
  • Clark JN, Daurio CP, Barth DW, Batty AF. Evaluation of a beef-based chewable formulation of pyrantel pamoate against induced and natural infections of hookworms and ascarids in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 1991; 40(1-2):127-133.
  • Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FH M, et al. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol. 1992; 44(1):35-44.
  • Companion Animal Parasite Council. CAPC guideline on ascarids for dogs; 2020. Avaible at: https://capcvet.org/guidelines/ascarid/. Accessed July 22, 2020.
  • Despommier D. Toxocariasis: Clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003; 16(2):265-272.
  • Doğanay A, Öge H, Öge S, Yıldız K. Nematoda (Yuvarlak Helmintler). In: Helmintoloji. Doğanay A (eds). Ankara, Türkiye: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd. Şti.; 2018. P. 149-340.
  • Fankhauser R, Hamel D, Dorr P et al. Efficacy of oral afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewables against induced gastrointestinal nematode infections in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2016; 225;117-122.
  • Ferreira LE, Benincasa BL, Fachin AL, et al. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2016; 228:70-76.
  • Gaur S, Kuhlenschmidt TB, Kuhlenschmidt MS, Andrade JE. Effect of oregano essential oil and carvacrol on Cryptosporidium parvum infectivity in HCT-8 cells. Parasitol Int. 2018; 67:170-175.
  • Gargılı A, Tüzer E, Gülanber A, et al. Efficacy of moxidectin against Toxocara canis in experimentally infected dogs. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 1999; 23:159-161.
  • Genchi C, Traldi G, Manfredi MT. Field trials of the anthelmintic efficacy of nitroscanate and mebendazole in dogs. Vet Rec. 1990; 27:77-80.
  • Genovese AG, McLean MK, Khan SA. Adverse reactions from essential oil-containing natural flea products exempted from environmental protection agency regulations in dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2012;22(4):470-475.
  • Glickman LT, Schantz PM. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of zoonotic toxocariasis. Epidemiol Rev. 1981; 3(1):230-250.
  • Hafez EN, Hafez MN, Amin MM. Effect of vaccination with irradiated Toxocara canis larvae or thyme oil treatment on testicular histochemical and immunohistochemical changes of rats. Trop Biomed. 2019; 36(2):430-442.
  • Hassanain MA, Shaapan RM, Abou-El-Dobal SKA. Synergistic anthelmintic effect of Citrus aurantifolia swingle seeds and mebendazole in Egyptian dogs infected with Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis: Trial to solve drug resistance problem. IJRSB. 2015; 3(9):104-111.
  • Hoekstra R, Visser A, Wiley LJ, Weiss AS, Sangster NC, Roos MH. Characterization of an acetylcholine receptor gene of Haemonchus contortus in relation to levamisole resistance. Molec Biochem Parasitol. 1997; 84(2):179-187.
  • Jackson F, Miller J. Alternative approaches to control Quo vadit? Vet Parasitol. 2006; 139:371-384.
  • Jahangir M, Maqbool A, Tanveer A, Mahfooz A. Prevalence and therapy of ancyclostomiasis in dogs with Nigella sativa (Kalongi) and Saussurea lappa (Qust-e-Shireen). Pakistan Haryana Vet J. 2001; 40;48-51.
  • Kara E, Yasa Duru S, Gökpınar S et al. Investigation of the prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness of oral thyme extract in rats experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Vet Res Commun. 2022; 3:1-11.
  • Kotze AC, Hines BM, Ruffell AP. A reappraisal of the relative sensitivity of nematode pharyngeal and somatic musculature to macrocyclic lactone drugs. Int J Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist. 2012; 2:29-35.
  • Kozan E, Kırcalı Sevimli F, Birdane FM, Adanır R. Efficacy of eprinomectin against Toxocara canis in dogs. Parasitol Res. 2008; 102:397-400.
  • Lloyd S, Toksikoz SR, Palmer EJL, Soulsby DHI. Zoonozis. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 841-854.
  • Luis E, Ferreira BI, Benincasa AL et al. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2016; 228:70-76.
  • Lynagh T, Cromer BA, Dufour V, Laube B. Comparative pharmacology of flatworm and roundworm glutamate-gated chloride channels: Implications for potential anthelmintics. Int. J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2014; 4:244-255.
  • Macpherson CN. The epidemiology and public health importance of toxocariasis: a zoonosis of global importance. Int J Parasitol. 2013; 43(12-13):999-1008.
  • Malatyalı E, Özçelik S, Gürsoy N. Kekik (Thymus vulgaris), kimyon (Cuminum cyminum) ve mersin (Myrtus communis) bitkilerinden elde edilen yağların in-vitro antileishmanial etkileri. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2009; 66(1):7-13.
  • McTier TL, Siedek EM, Clemence RG et al. Efficacy of selamectin against experimentally induced and naturally acquired ascarid (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) infections in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2000; 91:333-345.
  • Morsy TA, Shoukry A, Mazyad SA, Makled KM. The effect of the volatile oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Thymus vulgaris against the larvae of Lucilia sericata (Meigen). J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1998; 28(2):503-510.
  • Overgaauw PA, Van Knapen F. Veterinary and public health aspects of Toxocara spp. Vet Parazitol. 2013; 193:398-403.
  • Pal B, Mitra SK, Sacmal NK, Biswas D. Comparative efficacy of piperazine, ivermectin and albendazole against experimentally induced Toxocara canis infection in pups. Indian Vet J. 1995; 72:52-55.
  • Payne-Johnson M, Maitland TP, Sherington J et al. Efficacy of selamectin administered topically to pregnant and lactating female dogs in the treatment and prevention of adult roundworm (Toxocara canis) infections and flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis) infestations in the dams and their pups. Vet Parasitol. 2000; 91:347-358.
  • Pronk MEJ, Schefferlie GJ. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food, WHO Food Additives Series 41. WHO, Geneva. Available at: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ jecfa/jecmono/v041je02.htm) Accessed Dec 12, 2022.
  • Remmal A, Achahbar S, Bouddine L, Chami N, Chami F. In vitro destruction of Eimeria oocysts by essential oils. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 182:121-126.
  • Sarışen Ö, Çalışkan D. Fitoterapi: Bitkilerle tedaviye dikkat (!). STED. 2005; 14(8):182-187.
  • Silvestre A, Humbert JF. Diversity of benzimidazole-resistance alleles in populations of small ruminant parasites. Int J Parasitol. 2002; 32(7):921-928.
  • Şenlik B. Teşhis yöntemleri. In: Helmintoloji. TINAR, R (eds). Ankara, Türkiye: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım ; 2006. p.463-535.
  • Villar D, Knight MJ, Hansen SR, Buck WB. Toxicity of melaleuca oil and related essential oils applied topically on dogs and cats. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1994; 36:139-142.
  • Woolf A. Essential oil poisoning. Clin Tox. 1999; 37(6):721-727.
  • Yıldız K, Başalan M, Duru Ö, Gökpınar S. Antiparasitic efficiency of art emisia absinthium on Toxocara cati in naturally infected cats. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2011; 35:10-14.
  • Young LM, Wiseman S, Crawley E, Bowman DD, Reinemeyer C, Sntder DE. Efectiveness of Credelio® Plus, a novel chewable tablet containing milbemycin oxime and lotilaner for the treatment of larval and immature adult stages of Toxocara canis in experimentally infected dogs. Parasites & Vectors. 2021; 14:256.

The therapeutic effectiveness of thyme extract in naturally infected puppies with ascariasis

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 39 - 45, 15.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1226644

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of thyme extract in puppies naturally infected with ascarids.
Methodology: The study consisted of 20 puppies of different sexes (males and females), 2-4 months old, naturally infected with ascarid. The experimental units were given an oral 20% concentration of thyme extract for 3 days, and faecal oocyst counts were conducted on the 0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th days starting from the day the treatment was started (day 0). Also, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT values in the blood were monitored on the 0th and 3rd days, together with daily clinical examination, to monitor possible toxic effects.
Results: While the number of faecal egg counts in 2 puppies (10%) varied considerably, egg shedding in 8 (40%) of the treated puppies was zero. It was observed that in 10 of the puppies (60%), egg shedding was not completely zero. However, the oocyst counts decreased by 25% to 98.3%. It was also observed that the values of the measured blood biochemical values were within reference range and the puppies did no not show any clinical sign of toxicity during treatment.
Conclusion and Recommendation: It was concluded that the thyme extract did not have any toxic effect in the puppies at the concentration studied, and it could be effective in the treatment of ascariasis.

References

  • Abbas RZ, Iqbal Z, Khan A, et al. Options for integrated strategies for the control of avian coccidiosis. Int J Agric Biol. 2012; 14:1014-1020.
  • Amin MM, El-Kabany H. Evaluation of protective and treatment of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oil on Toxocara vitulorum infected rats. J Rad Res Appl Sci. 2013; 6(1):209-232.
  • Amin MM, Hafez EN, Mona A Abd Raboo. Assesment of radiation-attenuated vaccine or thyme oil treatment on controlling DNA damage and nitric oxide synthesis in brain of rat infected with Toxocara canis. Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Applications. 2016; 49(2):199-210.
  • Attia RAH, Mahmoud AE, Farrag HMM, Makboul R, Mohammed ME, Ibraheim Z. Effect of myrrh and thyme on Trichinella spiralis enteral and paranteral phases with inducible nitric oxide expression in mice. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro. 2015; 110(8):1035-1041.
  • Arczewska-Wlosek A, Swiatkiewicz S. The effect of a dietary herbal extract blend on the performance of broilers challenged with Eimeria oocysts. J Anim Feed Sci. 2012; 21:133-142.
  • Becskei C, Kryda K, Fias D, et al. Field efcacy and safety of a novel oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections in dogs presented as veterinary patients in Europe and the USA. Parasites & Vectors. 2020a; 13:70.
  • Becskei C, Kryda K, Thys M, et al. Efcacy of a new oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against induced ascarid infections in dogs. Parasites & Vectors. 2020b; 13:71.
  • Behnia M, Haghighi A, Komeylizadeh H, Tabaei SJS, Abadi A. Inhibitory Effects of Iranian Thymus vulgaris Extracts on in Vitro Growth of Entamoeba histolytica. Korean J Parasitol. 2008; 46(3):153-156.
  • Benli M, Yiğit N. Ülkemizde yaygın kullanımı olan kekik (Thymus vulgaris) bitkisinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesi. Orlab On-Line Mik Derg. 2005; 3(8):1-8.
  • Bischoff K, Guale F. Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil poisoning in three purebred cats. J Vet Diag Invest. 1998; 10:208-210.
  • Bowman DD, Parsons JC, Grieve RB, Hepler DI. Effect of milbemycin on adult Toxocara canis infections in dogs with experimentally induced infection. Am J Vet Res. 1998; 49:1986-1989.
  • Burrows CF, Batt RM, Sherding RG. Diseases of small intestine. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (eds) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 4th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia; 1995. p.1169-1231.
  • Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 94(3):223-253.
  • Cardenas RH, Nunaz CR, Contreras LM. Efficacy of two anthelmintic treatments, spinosad/milbemycin oxime and ivermectin/praziquantel in dogs with natural Toxocara spp. infection. Vet Parasitol. 2017; 247:77-79.
  • Clark JN, Daurio CP, Barth DW, Batty AF. Evaluation of a beef-based chewable formulation of pyrantel pamoate against induced and natural infections of hookworms and ascarids in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 1991; 40(1-2):127-133.
  • Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FH M, et al. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol. 1992; 44(1):35-44.
  • Companion Animal Parasite Council. CAPC guideline on ascarids for dogs; 2020. Avaible at: https://capcvet.org/guidelines/ascarid/. Accessed July 22, 2020.
  • Despommier D. Toxocariasis: Clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003; 16(2):265-272.
  • Doğanay A, Öge H, Öge S, Yıldız K. Nematoda (Yuvarlak Helmintler). In: Helmintoloji. Doğanay A (eds). Ankara, Türkiye: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd. Şti.; 2018. P. 149-340.
  • Fankhauser R, Hamel D, Dorr P et al. Efficacy of oral afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewables against induced gastrointestinal nematode infections in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2016; 225;117-122.
  • Ferreira LE, Benincasa BL, Fachin AL, et al. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2016; 228:70-76.
  • Gaur S, Kuhlenschmidt TB, Kuhlenschmidt MS, Andrade JE. Effect of oregano essential oil and carvacrol on Cryptosporidium parvum infectivity in HCT-8 cells. Parasitol Int. 2018; 67:170-175.
  • Gargılı A, Tüzer E, Gülanber A, et al. Efficacy of moxidectin against Toxocara canis in experimentally infected dogs. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 1999; 23:159-161.
  • Genchi C, Traldi G, Manfredi MT. Field trials of the anthelmintic efficacy of nitroscanate and mebendazole in dogs. Vet Rec. 1990; 27:77-80.
  • Genovese AG, McLean MK, Khan SA. Adverse reactions from essential oil-containing natural flea products exempted from environmental protection agency regulations in dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2012;22(4):470-475.
  • Glickman LT, Schantz PM. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of zoonotic toxocariasis. Epidemiol Rev. 1981; 3(1):230-250.
  • Hafez EN, Hafez MN, Amin MM. Effect of vaccination with irradiated Toxocara canis larvae or thyme oil treatment on testicular histochemical and immunohistochemical changes of rats. Trop Biomed. 2019; 36(2):430-442.
  • Hassanain MA, Shaapan RM, Abou-El-Dobal SKA. Synergistic anthelmintic effect of Citrus aurantifolia swingle seeds and mebendazole in Egyptian dogs infected with Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis: Trial to solve drug resistance problem. IJRSB. 2015; 3(9):104-111.
  • Hoekstra R, Visser A, Wiley LJ, Weiss AS, Sangster NC, Roos MH. Characterization of an acetylcholine receptor gene of Haemonchus contortus in relation to levamisole resistance. Molec Biochem Parasitol. 1997; 84(2):179-187.
  • Jackson F, Miller J. Alternative approaches to control Quo vadit? Vet Parasitol. 2006; 139:371-384.
  • Jahangir M, Maqbool A, Tanveer A, Mahfooz A. Prevalence and therapy of ancyclostomiasis in dogs with Nigella sativa (Kalongi) and Saussurea lappa (Qust-e-Shireen). Pakistan Haryana Vet J. 2001; 40;48-51.
  • Kara E, Yasa Duru S, Gökpınar S et al. Investigation of the prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness of oral thyme extract in rats experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Vet Res Commun. 2022; 3:1-11.
  • Kotze AC, Hines BM, Ruffell AP. A reappraisal of the relative sensitivity of nematode pharyngeal and somatic musculature to macrocyclic lactone drugs. Int J Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist. 2012; 2:29-35.
  • Kozan E, Kırcalı Sevimli F, Birdane FM, Adanır R. Efficacy of eprinomectin against Toxocara canis in dogs. Parasitol Res. 2008; 102:397-400.
  • Lloyd S, Toksikoz SR, Palmer EJL, Soulsby DHI. Zoonozis. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 841-854.
  • Luis E, Ferreira BI, Benincasa AL et al. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2016; 228:70-76.
  • Lynagh T, Cromer BA, Dufour V, Laube B. Comparative pharmacology of flatworm and roundworm glutamate-gated chloride channels: Implications for potential anthelmintics. Int. J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2014; 4:244-255.
  • Macpherson CN. The epidemiology and public health importance of toxocariasis: a zoonosis of global importance. Int J Parasitol. 2013; 43(12-13):999-1008.
  • Malatyalı E, Özçelik S, Gürsoy N. Kekik (Thymus vulgaris), kimyon (Cuminum cyminum) ve mersin (Myrtus communis) bitkilerinden elde edilen yağların in-vitro antileishmanial etkileri. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2009; 66(1):7-13.
  • McTier TL, Siedek EM, Clemence RG et al. Efficacy of selamectin against experimentally induced and naturally acquired ascarid (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) infections in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2000; 91:333-345.
  • Morsy TA, Shoukry A, Mazyad SA, Makled KM. The effect of the volatile oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Thymus vulgaris against the larvae of Lucilia sericata (Meigen). J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1998; 28(2):503-510.
  • Overgaauw PA, Van Knapen F. Veterinary and public health aspects of Toxocara spp. Vet Parazitol. 2013; 193:398-403.
  • Pal B, Mitra SK, Sacmal NK, Biswas D. Comparative efficacy of piperazine, ivermectin and albendazole against experimentally induced Toxocara canis infection in pups. Indian Vet J. 1995; 72:52-55.
  • Payne-Johnson M, Maitland TP, Sherington J et al. Efficacy of selamectin administered topically to pregnant and lactating female dogs in the treatment and prevention of adult roundworm (Toxocara canis) infections and flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis) infestations in the dams and their pups. Vet Parasitol. 2000; 91:347-358.
  • Pronk MEJ, Schefferlie GJ. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food, WHO Food Additives Series 41. WHO, Geneva. Available at: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ jecfa/jecmono/v041je02.htm) Accessed Dec 12, 2022.
  • Remmal A, Achahbar S, Bouddine L, Chami N, Chami F. In vitro destruction of Eimeria oocysts by essential oils. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 182:121-126.
  • Sarışen Ö, Çalışkan D. Fitoterapi: Bitkilerle tedaviye dikkat (!). STED. 2005; 14(8):182-187.
  • Silvestre A, Humbert JF. Diversity of benzimidazole-resistance alleles in populations of small ruminant parasites. Int J Parasitol. 2002; 32(7):921-928.
  • Şenlik B. Teşhis yöntemleri. In: Helmintoloji. TINAR, R (eds). Ankara, Türkiye: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım ; 2006. p.463-535.
  • Villar D, Knight MJ, Hansen SR, Buck WB. Toxicity of melaleuca oil and related essential oils applied topically on dogs and cats. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1994; 36:139-142.
  • Woolf A. Essential oil poisoning. Clin Tox. 1999; 37(6):721-727.
  • Yıldız K, Başalan M, Duru Ö, Gökpınar S. Antiparasitic efficiency of art emisia absinthium on Toxocara cati in naturally infected cats. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2011; 35:10-14.
  • Young LM, Wiseman S, Crawley E, Bowman DD, Reinemeyer C, Sntder DE. Efectiveness of Credelio® Plus, a novel chewable tablet containing milbemycin oxime and lotilaner for the treatment of larval and immature adult stages of Toxocara canis in experimentally infected dogs. Parasites & Vectors. 2021; 14:256.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section 2023 Volume 7 Number 1
Authors

Özkan Duru 0000-0002-8792-442X

Sami Gökpınar 0000-0001-7071-869X

Sibel Yasa Duru 0000-0002-6803-6339

Elisha Akanbong 0000-0002-2556-7236

Erdal Kara 0000-0001-7047-9502

Early Pub Date March 10, 2023
Publication Date March 15, 2023
Submission Date December 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Duru, Ö., Gökpınar, S., Yasa Duru, S., Akanbong, E., et al. (2023). The therapeutic effectiveness of thyme extract in naturally infected puppies with ascariasis. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 7(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1226644
AMA Duru Ö, Gökpınar S, Yasa Duru S, Akanbong E, Kara E. The therapeutic effectiveness of thyme extract in naturally infected puppies with ascariasis. TJVR. March 2023;7(1):39-45. doi:10.47748/tjvr.1226644
Chicago Duru, Özkan, Sami Gökpınar, Sibel Yasa Duru, Elisha Akanbong, and Erdal Kara. “The Therapeutic Effectiveness of Thyme Extract in Naturally Infected Puppies With Ascariasis”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7, no. 1 (March 2023): 39-45. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1226644.
EndNote Duru Ö, Gökpınar S, Yasa Duru S, Akanbong E, Kara E (March 1, 2023) The therapeutic effectiveness of thyme extract in naturally infected puppies with ascariasis. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7 1 39–45.
IEEE Ö. Duru, S. Gökpınar, S. Yasa Duru, E. Akanbong, and E. Kara, “The therapeutic effectiveness of thyme extract in naturally infected puppies with ascariasis”, TJVR, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2023, doi: 10.47748/tjvr.1226644.
ISNAD Duru, Özkan et al. “The Therapeutic Effectiveness of Thyme Extract in Naturally Infected Puppies With Ascariasis”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7/1 (March 2023), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1226644.
JAMA Duru Ö, Gökpınar S, Yasa Duru S, Akanbong E, Kara E. The therapeutic effectiveness of thyme extract in naturally infected puppies with ascariasis. TJVR. 2023;7:39–45.
MLA Duru, Özkan et al. “The Therapeutic Effectiveness of Thyme Extract in Naturally Infected Puppies With Ascariasis”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 7, no. 1, 2023, pp. 39-45, doi:10.47748/tjvr.1226644.
Vancouver Duru Ö, Gökpınar S, Yasa Duru S, Akanbong E, Kara E. The therapeutic effectiveness of thyme extract in naturally infected puppies with ascariasis. TJVR. 2023;7(1):39-45.