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Samsun İli Çayır ve Mera Alanlarında İstilacı Türlerin Tespiti ve Yoğunluklarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2015, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 01.02.2015

Abstract

Bu çalışma, ülkemizde hayvan yeminin önemli bir kısmının karşılandığı çayır ve meralardaki istilacı türlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Günümüzde bilinçsiz ve aşırı otlatma, çayır ve meralarımıza istilacı türlerin yerleşmesine fırsat sağlamaktadır. Çünkü istilacı türlerin otlatmaya karşı dirençli olmaları, yerli türlere göre daha hızlı gelişmesine ve yayılmasına fırsat verir. Bu durum floristik kompozisyonunun değişmesine buna bağlı olarak çayır ve mera kalitesinin düşmesi ve tür zenginliğinin azalmasına neden olacaktır. Bu bitkilerin kontrolü çayır ve meraların doğal yapının korunmasıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle bu türlerin yayılış alanları belirli zaman aralıklarında gözlemlenmeli ve gerekli önlemler alınmalıdır. Bu çalışmada Samsun İli'nde 106 çayır ve merada yaptığımız floristik analizler sonucunda 4 merada Xanthium spinosum istilacı bitki türü tespit edilmiş ve yapılan floristik analizlerde Xanthium spinosum türünün önemli popülasyon yoğunluklarına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur

References

  • Aerts R. 1999. Interspecific competition in Natural plant communities: mechanisms, trade-offs and plant-Soil Feedbacks. Journal of Experimental Botany, 50: 29-37.
  • Ayan İ., Mut H., Acar Z., Başaran U., Töngel M.Ö. ve Önal Aşçı Ö. 2007. Samsun ili kıyı kesiminde yer alan taban meraların bitki örtüsü, toprak özellikleri ve bazı sorunlar. Türkiye VII. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi (p. 54-57). Erzurum, Türkiye.
  • Blank RR. ve Young JA. 2002. Influence of the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium, on soil properties and elemental cycling. Soil Science, 167: 821-829.
  • Chapuis-Lardy L, Vanderhoeven S, Dassonville N, Koutika LS. ve Meerts P. 2006. Effect of the exotic invasive plant Solidago gigantea on soil phosphorus status. Biology and Fertility of Soil, 42: 481-489.
  • Daehler CC. 2003. Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants: Implications for conservation and restoration. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Evolution Systematics, 34: 183-211.
  • Ehrenfeld JG. 2003. Effects of exotic plant invasions on soil nutrient cycling processes. Ecosystems, 6: 503-523.
  • Evans RD., Rimer R., Sperry L. ve Belnap J. 2001. Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland. Ecological Application, 11: 1301-1310.
  • Funk JL. ve Vitousek PM. 2007. Resource-use efficiency and plant invasion in low-resource systems. Nature, 446: 1079- 1081.
  • Gökkuş A., Koç A. ve Çomaklı B. 2000. Çayır-mera uygulama kılavuzu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Erzurum.
  • Grotkopp E., Rejmanek M. ve Rost TL. 2002. Toward a causal explanation of plant invasiveness: Seedling growth and lifehistory strategies of 29 pine (Pinus) species. American Naturalist, 159: 396-419.
  • Hamilton MA., Murray BR., Cadotte MW., Hose GC., Baker AC., Harris CJ. ve Licari D. 2005. Life-history correlates of plant invasiveness at regional and continental ccales. Ecology Letters, 8: 1066-1074.
  • Karagüllü O. ve Kendüzler M. 2008. CORINE sınıflandırması raporu. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Orman Harita ve Fotogrametri Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Koç A. ve Çakal Ş. 2004. Comparison of some rangeland canopy coverage methods. In Proceedings of the International Soil Congress on Natural Resource Management for Sustaiable Development (p. 41-45). Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Leishman MR., Haslehurst T., Ares A. ve Baruch, Z. 2007. Leaf Trait Relationships of Native and Invasive Plants: Community and Global-Scale Comparisons. New Phytologist. 176: 635-643.
  • Levine JM., Vila M., D’Antonio CM., Dukes JS., Grigulis K. ve Lavorel S. 2003. Mechanisms underlying the impacts of exotic plant invasions. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series B-Biological Sciences, 270: 775-781.
  • Mack MC., D’Antonio CM. ve Ley RE. 2001. Alteration of ecosystem nitrogen dynamics by exotic plants: a case study of C4 grasses in Hawaii. Ecological Applications, 11: 1323-1335.
  • Miki T. ve Kondoh M. 2002. Feedbacks between nutrient cycling and vegetation predict plant species coexistence and invasion. Ecology Letters, 5: 624-633.
  • Parker IM., Simberloff D., Lonsdale WM., Goodell K., Wonham M., Kareiva PM., Williamson MH., Holle B., von Moyle PB., Byers JE. ve Goldwasser L. 1999. Impact: toward a framework for understanding the ecological effects of Invaders. Biological Invasions, 1: 3-19.
  • Richards CL., Bossdorf O., Muth NZ., Gurevitch J. ve Pigliucci M. 2006. Jack of all trades, master of some? on the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant ınvasions. Ecology Letters, 9: 981-993.
  • Sala A., Verdaguer D. ve Vila M. 2007. Sensitivity of the invasive geophyte oxalis pes-caprae to nutrient availability and competition. Annals of Botany, 99: 637-645.
  • Scharfy D. 2009. Exotic plant invasions: importance of functional traits for soil characteristics and plant-soil feedback. Universität Hohenheim. Hohenheim, Germany.
  • Schumacher E., Kueffer C., Edwards PJ. ve Dietz H. 2009. Influence of light and nutrient conditions on seedling growth of native and invasive trees in the Seychelles. Biological Invasions, 11: 1941–1954.
  • Sürmen M., Yavuz T., Sürmen B., Kutbay HG., Töngel Ö. ve Yılmaz H. 2013. Orta Karadeniz (Samsun/TÜRKİYE) çayır ve meralarında Avena sativa L.'nin istilacı/yabancı tür olarak değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2): 7-13.
  • Vila M., Tessier M., Suehs CM., Brundu G., Carta L., Galanidis A., Lambdon P., Manca M., Medail F., Moragues E., Traveset A., Troumbis AY. ve Hulme PE. 2006. Local and regional assessments of the impacts of plant invaders on vegetation structure and soil properties of mediterranean islands. Journal of Biogeography, 33: 853-861.
  • Windham L. ve Ehrenfeld JG. 2003. Net impact of a plant invasion on nitrogen-cycling processes within a brackish tidal marsh. Ecological Applications, 13: 883-896.
  • Yavuz T., Sürmen M., Sürmen B., Kutbay HG., Töngel Ö. ve Yılmaz H. 2013. Orta Karadeniz (Samsun/TÜRKİYE) çayır ve meralarında tespit edilen Cuminum cyminum L. türünün istilacılık potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2): 28-32.

Samsun İli Çayır ve Mera Alanlarında İstilacı Türlerin Tespiti ve Yoğunluklarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2015, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 01.02.2015

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to determine invasive species which are an important animal feed in meadows and pastures in our country. Nowadays, unconscious, and over-grazing practices allow to establishment of invasive species in meadow and pastures. Because invasive species are resistant to grazing, so they fastly develop and spread than the native species. This status change in floristic composition and as a result decrease in the quality of meadow and pasture, and species richness. The control of these plants are closely related the conservation of natural structure of meadows and pastures. Therefore, the distribution areas of this species should be observed in the fields at specific time intervals and should be taken necessary precautions. In this study, 106 meadows and pastures are investigated for invasive plant species and Xanthium spinosum is found by significant population density in four different study area

References

  • Aerts R. 1999. Interspecific competition in Natural plant communities: mechanisms, trade-offs and plant-Soil Feedbacks. Journal of Experimental Botany, 50: 29-37.
  • Ayan İ., Mut H., Acar Z., Başaran U., Töngel M.Ö. ve Önal Aşçı Ö. 2007. Samsun ili kıyı kesiminde yer alan taban meraların bitki örtüsü, toprak özellikleri ve bazı sorunlar. Türkiye VII. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi (p. 54-57). Erzurum, Türkiye.
  • Blank RR. ve Young JA. 2002. Influence of the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium, on soil properties and elemental cycling. Soil Science, 167: 821-829.
  • Chapuis-Lardy L, Vanderhoeven S, Dassonville N, Koutika LS. ve Meerts P. 2006. Effect of the exotic invasive plant Solidago gigantea on soil phosphorus status. Biology and Fertility of Soil, 42: 481-489.
  • Daehler CC. 2003. Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants: Implications for conservation and restoration. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Evolution Systematics, 34: 183-211.
  • Ehrenfeld JG. 2003. Effects of exotic plant invasions on soil nutrient cycling processes. Ecosystems, 6: 503-523.
  • Evans RD., Rimer R., Sperry L. ve Belnap J. 2001. Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland. Ecological Application, 11: 1301-1310.
  • Funk JL. ve Vitousek PM. 2007. Resource-use efficiency and plant invasion in low-resource systems. Nature, 446: 1079- 1081.
  • Gökkuş A., Koç A. ve Çomaklı B. 2000. Çayır-mera uygulama kılavuzu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Erzurum.
  • Grotkopp E., Rejmanek M. ve Rost TL. 2002. Toward a causal explanation of plant invasiveness: Seedling growth and lifehistory strategies of 29 pine (Pinus) species. American Naturalist, 159: 396-419.
  • Hamilton MA., Murray BR., Cadotte MW., Hose GC., Baker AC., Harris CJ. ve Licari D. 2005. Life-history correlates of plant invasiveness at regional and continental ccales. Ecology Letters, 8: 1066-1074.
  • Karagüllü O. ve Kendüzler M. 2008. CORINE sınıflandırması raporu. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Orman Harita ve Fotogrametri Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Koç A. ve Çakal Ş. 2004. Comparison of some rangeland canopy coverage methods. In Proceedings of the International Soil Congress on Natural Resource Management for Sustaiable Development (p. 41-45). Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Leishman MR., Haslehurst T., Ares A. ve Baruch, Z. 2007. Leaf Trait Relationships of Native and Invasive Plants: Community and Global-Scale Comparisons. New Phytologist. 176: 635-643.
  • Levine JM., Vila M., D’Antonio CM., Dukes JS., Grigulis K. ve Lavorel S. 2003. Mechanisms underlying the impacts of exotic plant invasions. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series B-Biological Sciences, 270: 775-781.
  • Mack MC., D’Antonio CM. ve Ley RE. 2001. Alteration of ecosystem nitrogen dynamics by exotic plants: a case study of C4 grasses in Hawaii. Ecological Applications, 11: 1323-1335.
  • Miki T. ve Kondoh M. 2002. Feedbacks between nutrient cycling and vegetation predict plant species coexistence and invasion. Ecology Letters, 5: 624-633.
  • Parker IM., Simberloff D., Lonsdale WM., Goodell K., Wonham M., Kareiva PM., Williamson MH., Holle B., von Moyle PB., Byers JE. ve Goldwasser L. 1999. Impact: toward a framework for understanding the ecological effects of Invaders. Biological Invasions, 1: 3-19.
  • Richards CL., Bossdorf O., Muth NZ., Gurevitch J. ve Pigliucci M. 2006. Jack of all trades, master of some? on the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant ınvasions. Ecology Letters, 9: 981-993.
  • Sala A., Verdaguer D. ve Vila M. 2007. Sensitivity of the invasive geophyte oxalis pes-caprae to nutrient availability and competition. Annals of Botany, 99: 637-645.
  • Scharfy D. 2009. Exotic plant invasions: importance of functional traits for soil characteristics and plant-soil feedback. Universität Hohenheim. Hohenheim, Germany.
  • Schumacher E., Kueffer C., Edwards PJ. ve Dietz H. 2009. Influence of light and nutrient conditions on seedling growth of native and invasive trees in the Seychelles. Biological Invasions, 11: 1941–1954.
  • Sürmen M., Yavuz T., Sürmen B., Kutbay HG., Töngel Ö. ve Yılmaz H. 2013. Orta Karadeniz (Samsun/TÜRKİYE) çayır ve meralarında Avena sativa L.'nin istilacı/yabancı tür olarak değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2): 7-13.
  • Vila M., Tessier M., Suehs CM., Brundu G., Carta L., Galanidis A., Lambdon P., Manca M., Medail F., Moragues E., Traveset A., Troumbis AY. ve Hulme PE. 2006. Local and regional assessments of the impacts of plant invaders on vegetation structure and soil properties of mediterranean islands. Journal of Biogeography, 33: 853-861.
  • Windham L. ve Ehrenfeld JG. 2003. Net impact of a plant invasion on nitrogen-cycling processes within a brackish tidal marsh. Ecological Applications, 13: 883-896.
  • Yavuz T., Sürmen M., Sürmen B., Kutbay HG., Töngel Ö. ve Yılmaz H. 2013. Orta Karadeniz (Samsun/TÜRKİYE) çayır ve meralarında tespit edilen Cuminum cyminum L. türünün istilacılık potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2): 28-32.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA53RU45AY
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Sürmen This is me

Tamer Yavuz This is me

Burak Sürmen This is me

H. Güray Kutbay This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sürmen, M., Yavuz, T., Sürmen, B., Kutbay, H. G. (2015). Samsun İli Çayır ve Mera Alanlarında İstilacı Türlerin Tespiti ve Yoğunluklarının Belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 18(1), 1-5.

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