Sustainable Weed Management in Maize (Zea mays L.) Production: A Review in Perspective of Southern Asia

Year 2019, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 133 - 143, 04.07.2019

Jiban Shrestha , Krishna Prasad Timsina Subash Subedi , Dipesh Pokhrel Amit Chaudhary

Abstract

Weed species and maize crop
strongly compete for nutrients, water, space and light for their growth and
development. There is a strong correlation between weed population and maize
yield. Weeds
crop association, critical
period of crop-weed competition, methods of weeds control, herbicide tolerant
maize cultivars and losses due to weeds and economics of weed control in maize
are discussed in this review. The output of different research works clearly
indicated that weed infestation led 20-80% reduction in maize yield. The
critical period of crop weed competition varies from 2 to 7 weeks after crop
sowing, with the most critical competition between 4-7 weeks after sowing. Weed
control measures should be taken during this period to minimize the yield loss
of maize and increase the water and nutrient use efficiency. Herbicides are
popular and widely used measures to control weeds in maize production systems,
but several studies have shown their negative environmental consequences.
Single approach-based weed management system becomes inefficient against maize
weeds. The integrated weed management (IWM) system is recommended to reduce the
use of herbicides for its sustainable production.

Sustainable Weed Management in Maize (Zea mays L.) Production: A Review in Perspective of Southern Asia

Abstract

Weeds and maize have equivalent
competition for nutrients, water, space and light sources for their growth and
development. There is a strong correlation between lower weed population and
higher maize yield. Weed species in maize, critical
period of crop-weed competition, methods of weeds control, herbicide
tolerant maize cultivars and losses due to weeds and economics of weed control in
maize are discussed in this article. The output of different research works
clearly indicated that weed infestation led to 20-80% reduction in maize yield.
The variation in the critical period of crop weed competition varies from two
to six weeks after maize sown, but the most critical period is between 30-50
days after sowing. Weed control measures should be taken during this period to
minimize the yield loss of maize and to increase the water and nutrient use
efficiency. Chemical herbicides are popular and widely used to control weed in
maize production systems, but several studies have shown their negative
environmental consequences. Single approach-based weed management system
becomes inefficient against maize weeds. The integrated weed management (IWM)
system is recommended to apply which reduce the use of herbicides and focus on
the sustainable crop production system.

Keywords

Maize, weeds, herbicide, economics, integrated weed management, sustainable production

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