Yabancı Otlar ile Mücadelede Güncel Yöntem: Robotikler

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 166 - 176, 31.12.2021

Ender Şahin Çolak Doğan Işık

Abstract

Dünya üzerinde tarımsal üretim, insanlığın var oluşundan itibaren, üretim metodları değişebilse de temelde insanların yaşamlarını sürdürme mücadelesidir. Tarımsal üretimde yetiştirilen üründen optimal verimi elde etmek asıl hedef olmaktadır. Yetiştirilen ürünlerde bir takım sorunlarla karşılaşılmakta ve sorunun boyutuna göre de elde edilen verim değişebilmektedir. Bitkisel üretimde olduğu gibi hayvansal üretimde de yabancı otlar verimin önündeki büyük bir engeli teşkil etmektedir. Yabancı otlar üstün rekabet güçleri ile verim kayıplarına sebebiyet verirler. Kültür bitkisinin yetişme aşamasında arazideki mevcut yabancı otlar var olan büyüme kaynaklarından daha etkin yararlanabilme özelliğine sahip olduğuklarından dolayı kültür bitkilerinden daha önce gelişimini tamamlayıp kültür bitkilerinin gelişimi için gerekli kaynaklara ulaşabilme imkanını kısıtlamaktadır. Tarımsal üreticiler tarafından çok eski tarihlerden bu yana herhangi bir verim kaybı olmaması için veya kayıpların minimize edilebilmesi için yabancı otlarla mücadele süregelmektedir. Yabancı otlarla elle mücadele şeklinde başlayan mücadele yöntemleri, sonraları teknolojide oluşan çeşitli gelişmelerle birlikte mekanik mücadele, fiziksel mücadele, kimyasal mücadele, biyolojik mücadele gibi çeşitli mücadele yöntemleri şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Bu yöntemler içerisinde en yaygını olanı işçilik ve ekonomik açıdan üreticiyi yormayan yöntem olan kimyasal mücadeledir. Ancak son yıllarda kimyasalların kullanımı sonucu yabancı otlarda direnç oluşması ve tüketicilerde halk sağlığı ve çevre konularında farkındalık oluşumu sebebiyle kimyasal kullanımından gelecekte uzaklaşılacağı düşünülmektedir. Bilim insanları günümüzde teknolojinin gelişimi ve kimyasallara alternatif yöntem arayışıyla robotik mücadeleye yönelmiştir. Robotikler ya hiç kimyasal kullanmayıp mekanik donanımlarıyla yabancı otların zararını önleyebilen ya da hedefe yönelik kimyasal püskürtme mekanizmasına sahip yabancı otlarla mücadele araçlarıdır. Robotikler kimyasallara alternatif olarak yabancı otlarla mücadelede kullanılmasının yanı sıra tarımsal üretimin bütün aşamalarında da kullanılabilmektedir. Bu derlemede yabancı otlarla mücadelede robotiklerin kullanılması ve robotik mücadele hakkında dünya üzerindeki gelişmeler incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Robotik, Kimyasal, Mücadele, Yabancı ot

Current Approach in Weed Control: Robotics

Abstract

Agricultural production on the world is basically the management of people to survive, although production methods may change since the existence of humanity. Obtaining optimal yield from the crop production in agricultural production is the main goal. A number of problems are encountered in the grown products and the yield obtained may vary depending on the size of the problem. As in crop production, weeds create a major obstacle to yield in animal production. Weeds cause yield losses with their high competitive power. During the growing stage of the cultivated plant, the existing weeds in the field have the ability to benefit more effectively from the existing growth resources, thus restricting the possibility of reaching the necessary resources for the development of the cultivated plants by completing their development earlier. The management of weeds has been ongoing since ancient times by agricultural producers in order to avoid any loss of yield or to minimize losses. Weed control methods, which started as manual control, were applied in the form of various control methods such as mechanical control, physical control, chemical control, biological control with various developments in technology. The most common of these methods is chemical control, which does not weak the producer in terms of labor and economy. However, it is thought that the use of chemicals will be avoided in the future due to resistance in weeds as a result of the use of chemicals and awareness of public health and environmental issues in consumers in recent years. Today, scientists have turned to robotic control with the development of technology and the search for alternative methods to chemicals. Robotics are weed control tools that either use no chemicals and can prevent weeds with their mechanical equipment or have a targeted chemical spraying mechanism. Robotics can be used as in the fight against weeds an alternative to chemicals as well as being used in all of process of agricultural production. In this review, the use of robotics in management of weeds and developments in the world about robotic control are examined.

Keywords

Robotics, Robotics, Chemical, Control, Weed

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