Ayçiçeğinde Yabancı Ot Kontrolünde Glufosinate Ammoniumun Bant Herbisit Uygulaması ile Kullanımı

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 95 - 102, 31.12.2024

Ahmet Tansel Serim , Ünal Asav

Abstract

Total herbisitler geniş etki spektrumları sayesinde tarımsal yönden sorun olan birçok yabancı otu kontrol etme yeteneğindeki güçlü herbisitlerdir. Bu herbisitlerin geleneksel üretim alanlarında standart tip tarla pülverizatörleri ile uygulanması, kültür bitkisinde yaratacakları fitotoksisite nedeniyle mümkün değildir. Bant herbisit uygulaması (BHU) yapabilen tarla tipi pülverizatörleri total herbisitlerin geleneksel ayçiçeği üretim alanlarında kullanılmasına imkan sağlamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı BHU ile glufosinate ammoniumun tek başına ve/veya selektif bir ayçiçeği herbisiti ile ayçiçeği tarlasının farklı bölümlerine uygulanabilirliğinin belirlenmesidir. Glufosinate ammoniumun 2 farklı tavsiye dozu ile aclonifenin tavsiye dozu BHU kullanılarak Ankara ve Tokat illerinde ayçiçeği ekilen alanlarda 2016 yılında kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirmeler gözleme dayalı değerlendirme yöntemi ile herbisit uygulamasından 28 gün sonra yapılmıştır. Her iki dozda da glufosinate ammonium sıra arasındaki tarla sarmaşığı (Convolvulus arvensis (L.)) hariç yabancı otların tamamını kontrol ederken aclonifen sıra üzerlerinde bulunan yabani hardal (Sinapis arvensis (L.)), Sirken (Chenopodium album (L.)), semizotu (Portulaca oleracea (L)), dil kanatan (Galium aparine (L.)) ve sarmaşık çoban deyneği (Polygonum convolvulus (L.))’ni kontrol etmiştir. Kültür bitkilerinde herbisitlerden kaynaklanan bir fitotoksisiteye rastlanmamıştır. BHU ile uygulanan glufosinate ammonium ve aclonifen sıra arasındaki ve üzerindeki yabancı otların neredeyse tamamını kontrol etmiş ve geleneksel selektif herbisit uygulamasına göre önemli verim artışı sağlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, BHU ile total herbisit kullanılarak selektif herbisit kullanımından sağlanandan daha yüksek biyolojik etkinin sağlanabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Bant herbisit uygulaması, glufosinate amonyum, aclonifen, ayçiçeği

Application of glufosinate ammonium using banded herbicide application in sunflower

Abstract

Total herbicides are highly effective agents that control many problematic arable weeds due to their broad impact spectrum. However, applying these herbicides in conventional production fields using standard field sprayers is impractical because of their high phytotoxicity. A field sprayer equipped with a banded herbicide application (BHA) function provides an opportunity to use total herbicides in conventional production fields. This study aims to determine the applicability of glufosinate ammonium using a BHA, with or without a selective sunflower herbicide, on different parts of the sunflower field. Two recommended rates of glufosinate ammonium and one recommended rate of aclonifen were applied using BHA in sunflower fields located in Ankara and Tokat in 2016. A visual evaluation was conducted to assess the herbicide impacts 28 days after treatment. Glufosinate ammonium effectively controlled all weeds in the inter-row areas, except for Convolvulus arvensis (L.), while aclonifen controlled only Sinapis arvensis (L.), Chenopodium album (L.), Portulaca oleracea (L.), Galium aparine (L.), and Polygonum convolvulus (L.) in the intra-row areas. No crop injury was observed on the sunflower plants as a result of herbicide application. The combined application of glufosinate ammonium and aclonifen using BHA effectively managed weed populations in both inter-row and intra-row areas and led to a substantial yield increase compared to conventional selective herbicide applications. This study indicates that a higher level of biological efficacy can be achieved by using total herbicides with BHA than with selective herbicides alone.

Keywords

Banded herbicide application, glufosinate amonyum, sunflower

References

• Carballido, J., Rodríguez-Lizana, A., Agüera, J., Pérez-Ruiz, M., 2013. Field sprayer for inter- and intra-row weed control: Performance and labor savings. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 642-651.
• Donald, W.W., Archer, D., Johnson, W.G., Nelson, K., 2004. Zone herbicide application controls annual weeds and reduces residual herbicide use in corn. Weed Science, 52(5): 821-833. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4046830.
• Druille, M., García-Parisi, P.A., Golluscio, R.A., Cavagnaro, F.P., Omacini, M., 2016. Repeated annual glyphosate applications may impair beneficial soil microorganisms in temperate grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 230: 184-190.
• Eadie, A.G., Swanton, C.J., Shaw, J.E., Anderson, G.W., 1992. Banded herbicide applications and cultivation in a modified no-till corn (Zea mays) system. Weed Technology, 6: 535-542.
• Foster, H.C., Sperry, B.P., Reynolds, D.B., Kruger, G.R., Claussen, S., 2018. Reducing herbicide particle drift: Effect of hooded sprayer and spray quality. Weed Technology, 32(6): 714-721. https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.84.
• Gaynor, J.D., Van Wesenbeeck, I.J., 1995. Effects of band widths on atrazine, metribuzin, and metolachlor runoff. Weed Technology, 9(1): 107-112. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3987830.
• Ivany, J.A., Reddin, J., 2002. Effect of post-emergence herbicide injury and planting date on yield of narrow-row soybean (Glycine max). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82: 249-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/P01-028.
• Liu, Y.B., Pan, X.B., Li, J.S., 2015. A 1961-2010 record of fertilizer use, pesticide application and cereal yields: a review.
• Loddo, D., Scarabel, L., Sattin, M., Pederzoli, A., Morsiani, C., Canestrale, R., Tommasini, M.G., 2020. Combination of herbicide band application and inter-row cultivation provides sustainable weed control in maize. Agronomy, 10: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010020. Main, D.C., Sanderson, K.R., Fillmore, S.A.E., Ivany, J.A., 2013. Comparison of synthetic and organic herbicides applied banded for weed control in carrots (Daucus carota L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 93: 857-861.
• Mendiburu F, Yaseen M. 2020. Agricolae: statistical procedures for agricultural research. Available at: https://myaseen208.github.io/agricolae/, https://cran.r-project.org/package=agricolae.
• Mesnage, R., Defarge, N., Spiroux de Vendômois, J., Séralini, G.E., 2015. Potential toxic effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulations below regulatory limits. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 84: 133-153.
• Oliver, D.P., Anderson, J.S., Davis, A., Lewis, S., Brodie, J., Kookana, R., 2014. Banded applications are highly effective in minimizing herbicide migration from furrow-irrigated sugar cane. Science of the Total Environment, 466-467: 841-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.117.
• Osuch, A., Przygodziński, P., Rybacki, P., Osuch, E., Kowalik, I., Piechnik, L., Przygodziński, A., Herkowiak, M., 2020. Analysis of the effectiveness of shielded band spraying in weed control in field crops. Agronomy, 10: 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040475.
• RStudio Team. 2023. RStudio: integrated development environment for R. RStudio, PBC. Available at http://www.rstudio.com/.
• Serim, A.T., Asav, Ü., Türkseven, S.G., Dursun, E., 2018. Banded herbicide application in a conventional sunflower production system. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 42(5): 6. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1712-95.
• Serim, A.T., Asav, Ü., Türkseven, S.G., Koçtürk, B.Ö., Demirci, M., 2020. Weed control in non-glyphosate resistant cotton with glyphosate using a hooded band sprayer. International Journal of Biosciences, 17(1): 106-118.
• Serim, A.T., Maden, S., 2014. Effects of soil residues of sulfosulfuron and mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl sodium on sunflower varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20: 1-9.
• Smith, A.L., Kanjithanda, R.M., Hayashi, T., French, J., Milner, R.N.C., 2023. Reducing herbicide input and optimizing spray method can minimize nontarget impacts on native grassland plant species. Ecological Applications, 33(5): e2864. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2864.
• Svečnjak, Z., Barić, K., Maćešić, D., Duralija, B., Gunjača, J., 2009. Integrated weed management for maize crop in Croatia. Bulletin UASVM Agriculture, 66: 505-512.
• Vonk, J.A., Kraak, M.H.S., 2020. Herbicide exposure and toxicity to aquatic primary producers. In: de Voogt, P. (Ed.), Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Volume 250. Springer, Cham, pp. 250. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_48.