1980 Nikaragua Okuryazarlık Kampanyası’ndaki Propaganda Posterlerinin Kitap Okuma Boyutunda İncelenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 64 - 88, 30.03.2021

Mehmet Ali Gazi , Caner Çakı , Mustafa Karaca , Gül Çakı

https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.873618

Cited By: 2

Abstract

1979 yılında Nikaragua’da meydana gelen devrim sonucunda Sandinista Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN), ülke yönetimini devralmış ve 1980 yılında okuryazarlık kampanyası başlatmıştır. FSLN’nin kurucusu Carlos Fonseca’nın kütüphaneci ve öğretmen olması, kampanyanın ayrı bir önem kazanmasına yol açmıştır. Kampanyada okuryazarlığın ve kitap okumanın önemine vurgu yapılması amacıyla propaganda posterlerinden etkin bir şekilde yararlanılmıştır. Kampanya, 1980 yılında UNESCO Nadezhda K. Krupskaya okuryazarlık ödülüne layık görülmüştür. Çalışmada okuryazarlık kampanyasında okuryazarlığın ve kitap okumanın teşvik edilmesi amacıyla propaganda posterlerinden ne şekilde yararlanıldığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada Amsterdam’daki Uluslararası Sosyal Tarih Enstitüsü’nden (Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis) propaganda posterlerine ulaşılmış ve ulaşılan propaganda posterlerindeki görsel ve yazılı göstergeler, ABD’li dilbilimci Charles William Morris’in göstergebilimindeki üç boyutu ışığında analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda, propaganda posterleri üzerinden okuryazarlığın insanları özgürleştirdiği ileri sürülerek ve okuryazarlık devrimle özdeşleştirilerek insanların okuryazar olmasının ve kitap okumasının teşvik edilmesine çalışıldığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Keywords

Kitap, ; okuma alışkanlığı, okuryazarlık, Nikaragua, propaganda.

An Examination of the Propaganda Posters in the 1980 Nicaragua Literacy Campaign in the Context of Reading Books

Abstract

The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) took over the administration of the country as a result of the revolution that took place in Nicaragua in 1979 and started a literacy campaign in 1979. The fact that FSLN's founder, Carlos Fonseca, is a librarian and a teacher, made the campaign gain a special importance. Propaganda posters were used effectively to emphasize the importance of literacy and reading books in the campaign. The campaign was awarded the UNESCO Nadezhda K. Krupskaya literacy award in 1980. It was tried to reveal how propaganda posters were used in literacy campaign in order to encourage literacy and reading books in the study. For this purpose, propaganda posters were accessed from the International Institute of Social History (Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis) in Amsterdam and visual and written indicators in propaganda posters were analyzed in the light of three dimensions in semiotics of the US linguist Charles William Morris. In the findings obtained, it was revealed that efforts were made to encourage people to be literate and to read books asserting the perception that literacy liberates peopleand identifying literacy with revolution through the propaganda posters.

Keywords

Book, reading habit, literacy, Nicaragua, propaganda

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