Nazi Almanya’sında Nazizm İdeolojisiyle Şekillenen Kitap Okuma Kültürünün Sinemadaki Sunumu: “Kitap Hırsızı” Filminin Göstergebilimsel Analizi

Year 2021, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 41 - 63, 30.03.2021

Ebru Gülbuğ Erol

https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.877973

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Antikomünist, antikapitalist, antisemitist ve ırkçılık temelli Nazizm ideolojisi, Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman İşçi Partisi’nin (NSDAP) iktidarda bulunduğu dönemde (1933-1945) Almanya’da sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik ve kültürel hayata doğrudan etki etmiştir. NSDAP’nin iktidardan uzaklaştırılmasından sonra Nazizm ideolojisinin etkisi altındaki Almanya’yı konu alan çok sayıda film çekilmiş ve ideolojinin Alman toplumundaki yansımaları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu filmlerden biri de Brian Percival yönetmeliğindeki 2013 yılı Almanya-ABD ortak yapımı Kitap Hırsızı (The Book Thief) filmi olmuştur. Filmde Nazizm ideolojisi altında Almanya’daki kitap okuma kültürünün ne yönde şekillendiği konu edilmiştir. Çalışmada Kitap Hırsızı filmi göstergebilimsel açıdan analiz edilerek, filmde Nazizm ideolojisi altında Alman eğitiminin ve beraberinde kitap okuma kültürünün ne yönde şekillendiğinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında filmin göstergebilimsel analizi, ABD’li dilbilimci Charles Sanders Peirce’ün göstergebilim anlayışı ve İngiliz dilbilimci Geoffrey Leech’ın anlamlandırmanın yedi türü ışığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın analizinde Nazi rejiminin inşa ettiği korku ve baskı ortamında insanların özgür şekilde kitap okumasının engellendiği ve doğrudan Nazizm ideolojisinin öğretilerini yansıtan veya Nazi rejiminin sansürüne uğramayan kitapları okumaya yöneltildiği ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Keywords

Kitap okuma kültürü, sinema, kitap, film, Nazi Almanya’sı.

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