Review Article

ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES

Number: 113 March 26, 2025
TR EN

ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES

Abstract

Throughout the 19th century, Ottoman territories attracted not only European intellectuals but also Russian diplomats and intellectuals, who showed a particular interest in Istanbul and its religious sites. During this period, Ottoman-Russian relations were predominantly shaped by tension and conflict, with only occasional short-term alliances. However, Russian travelers contributed to the formation of the images of "Turks" and "Istanbul" images in their own public discourse through their observations of the Ottoman Empire. This study focuses not on the general observations of Russian travelers regarding Istanbul and the Ottoman Empire but rather on their perceptions, interpretations, and viewpoints concerning the city's religious structures and religious circles. The central position of Hagia Sophia in Russian Orthodox thought is clearly reflected in travelers' narratives. One of the first places Russian visitors sought to see in Istanbul was Hagia Sophia. Its conversion into a mosque as a symbol of conquest was perceived by the Russian Empire—which positioned itself as the protector of Orthodoxy—as a loss that needed to be redressed. In addition to Hagia Sophia, Russian travelers also viewed Istanbul’s Sufi traditions as an exotic and mystical element. Particularly, Mevlevi lodges, whirling dervish ceremonies, dhikr rituals, and other significant religious practices within Ottoman society caught their attention and were extensively documented in their travel writings. However, they primarily regarded these rituals as visual spectacles rather than engaging with their religious and spiritual dimensions. Nonetheless, they also made observations regarding the influence of these places on Istanbul's social life, offering valuable insights into the religious and cultural structure of Ottoman society. This study aims to analyze the intellectual perspectives of Russian travelers towards Istanbul through their travel narratives from the 19th century, examining the symbolic importance of Hagia Sophia in the Orthodox world, the role of Sufi sites in Ottoman society, and the images that Russian travelers constructed about Istanbul.

Keywords

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References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Turkish Cultural History

Journal Section

Review Article

Early Pub Date

March 24, 2025

Publication Date

March 26, 2025

Submission Date

January 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 113

APA
Karakulak, M. (2025). ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, 113, 441-454. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1629112
AMA
1.Karakulak M. ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2025;(113):441-454. doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1629112
Chicago
Karakulak, Mesut. 2025. “ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES”. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, nos. 113: 441-54. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1629112.
EndNote
Karakulak M (March 1, 2025) ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 113 441–454.
IEEE
[1]M. Karakulak, “ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES”, Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, no. 113, pp. 441–454, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.60163/tkhcbva.1629112.
ISNAD
Karakulak, Mesut. “ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 113 (March 1, 2025): 441-454. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1629112.
JAMA
1.Karakulak M. ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2025;:441–454.
MLA
Karakulak, Mesut. “ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES”. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, no. 113, Mar. 2025, pp. 441-54, doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1629112.
Vancouver
1.Mesut Karakulak. ISTANBUL in 19th CENTURY RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES: RELIGIOUS SITES AND SUFI NARRATIVES. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2025 Mar. 1;(113):441-54. doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1629112

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