Research Article

THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS

Number: 116 December 18, 2025
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THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS

Abstract

This article focuses on four major regions that played a significant role in the Islamization process of the Golden Horde. The first is city of Old Bulgar, the second is the Turkestan region where the Yassawiyya Order spread, the third is the Mamluk sphere, and fourth is Anatolia, where the Turkish Sufi movement developed and expanded. The study examines the critical role played by Anatolian-origin Sufi groups in the Islamization of the Golden Horde from the mid-13th century onward. In particular, the activities of the Qalandariyya, Rifā'iyya, and Kubrāwiyya orders are analyzed in detail. According to the research, Sufi groups arriving from Anatolia carried out intensive missionary activities among diverse religious and ethnic communities within the Golden Horde. By establishing institutions such as madrasahs, they engaged in widespread educational and political activities, thereby making a substantial contribution to the spread of Islam. These orders not only transmitted religious knowledge but also shaped social life, thereby facilitating the establishment of Islamic culture. Additionally, they actively involved in political affairs. Despite strong opposition from the Iranian Ilkhanids, the Qalandari, Rifā'ī, and Kubrāwī Sufis were able to expand their activities with the support of the Golden Horde authorities. Some of them even took part in military campaigns to defend Islam. This demonstrates that Sufism was not limited to a purely spiritual dimension but also possessed significant social and political aspects.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

History of Central Asia, Comparative Religious Studies, Islamic Sects, Sufism

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 18, 2025

Submission Date

July 22, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 116

APA
Abylov, T., Mutalıyev, M., & Sevinç, E. (2025). THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, 116, 557-568. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1747873
AMA
1.Abylov T, Mutalıyev M, Sevinç E. THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2025;(116):557-568. doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1747873
Chicago
Abylov, Tungysh, Meiirbol Mutalıyev, and Emre Sevinç. 2025. “THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS”. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, nos. 116: 557-68. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1747873.
EndNote
Abylov T, Mutalıyev M, Sevinç E (December 1, 2025) THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 116 557–568.
IEEE
[1]T. Abylov, M. Mutalıyev, and E. Sevinç, “THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS”, Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, no. 116, pp. 557–568, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.60163/tkhcbva.1747873.
ISNAD
Abylov, Tungysh - Mutalıyev, Meiirbol - Sevinç, Emre. “THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 116 (December 1, 2025): 557-568. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1747873.
JAMA
1.Abylov T, Mutalıyev M, Sevinç E. THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2025;:557–568.
MLA
Abylov, Tungysh, et al. “THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS”. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, no. 116, Dec. 2025, pp. 557-68, doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1747873.
Vancouver
1.Tungysh Abylov, Meiirbol Mutalıyev, Emre Sevinç. THE ROLE OF ANATOLIAN SUFI GROUPS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE POPULATIONS. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2025 Dec. 1;(116):557-68. doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1747873

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