Research Article

THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI

Number: 117 March 15, 2026
TR EN

THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI

Abstract

The article examines and compares the Soviet authorities’ efforts to eliminate the religious significance of the Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Mausoleum, as well as their attempts to preserve and promote it as a historical monument. It is well known that atheist ideology had a negative impact on Islam, particularly on Sufism and Islamic sacred sites. In their efforts to reshape society into a secular and atheist one, the Bolsheviks viewed Sufi traditions and major Sufi religious centers, which were deeply revered by the people, as significant obstacles to their agenda. In this regard, the main goal and objective of this study is to analyze how Soviet authorities sought to reduce the religious importance of the Yasawi Mausoleum while preserving it as a historical and cultural monument, based on newly uncovered archival documents. To abolish the religious and spiritual significance of the Yasawi Mausoleum, regarded as the “Second Mecca” by the local population, the Soviet authorities strove to prevent believers from visiting it and attempted to convert the Mausoleum into an atheist museum. Although rapid restoration was necessary to achieve it, various factors prolonged the renovation work. After the lengthy restoration, the museum established within the Yasawi Mausoleum was not officially labeled as atheist, yet its primary function included promoting atheist propaganda. Therefore, this article examines and compares these contradictory actions of the Bolsheviks concerning the Mausoleum, drawing on primary sources.

Keywords

Project Number

AP22787282

Thanks

The article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project titled AP22787282 “Sufism in Soviet Kazakhstan: on the Example of Yassawism and History of Ishan Tradition” (Советтік Қазақстанда сопылық: Яссауилік және ишандық дәстүр тарихы мысалында) funded by the grant from the Education Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

References

  1. Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CSARK)
  2. Fund 1711 - Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Kazakh SSR, 1944-1965.
  3. Fund 2079 - Authorized Representative of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Kazakh SSR, 1966-1974.
  4. Fund 1890 - Ministry of Culture of the Kazakh SSR.
  5. Presidential Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (PARK)
  6. Fund 708 - Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 1937-1991.
  7. Turkestan Regional State Archive (TRSA)
  8. Fund 1353 - Authorized Representative of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the South Kazakhstan Region, 1944-1989.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

History of Central Asia

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 15, 2026

Submission Date

December 4, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 20, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 117

APA
Zholdassuly, T., & Benhür, Ç. (2026). THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, 117, 121-140. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261
AMA
1.Zholdassuly T, Benhür Ç. THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2026;(117):121-140. doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261
Chicago
Zholdassuly, Talgat, and Çağatay Benhür. 2026. “THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI”. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, nos. 117: 121-40. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261.
EndNote
Zholdassuly T, Benhür Ç (March 1, 2026) THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 117 121–140.
IEEE
[1]T. Zholdassuly and Ç. Benhür, “THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI”, Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, no. 117, pp. 121–140, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261.
ISNAD
Zholdassuly, Talgat - Benhür, Çağatay. “THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 117 (March 1, 2026): 121-140. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261.
JAMA
1.Zholdassuly T, Benhür Ç. THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2026;:121–140.
MLA
Zholdassuly, Talgat, and Çağatay Benhür. “THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI”. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, no. 117, Mar. 2026, pp. 121-40, doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261.
Vancouver
1.Talgat Zholdassuly, Çağatay Benhür. THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 2026 Mar. 1;(117):121-40. doi:10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261

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