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SOVYET PARADOKSU: HOCA AHMET YESEVİ TÜRBESİNİ KORUMA VE YOK ETME EYLEMLERİNİN EŞZAMANLILIĞI

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 117, 121 - 140, 15.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261
https://izlik.org/JA87ZB85BY

Öz

Çalışmada, Sovyet yönetiminin Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Türbesi’nin dini önemini ortadan kaldırma ve onu tarihi bir anıt olarak koruma ve tanıtma faaliyetleri karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmektedir. Ateist ideolojinin İslamı, özellikle tasavvufu ve İslami kutsal yerleri olumsuz etkilediği bellidir. Bolşeviklerin toplumu laik ve ateist bir topluma dönüştürme hedeflerinin önündeki engellerden biri de tasavvuf gelenekleri ve halk tarafından kutsal kabul edilen büyük tasavvufi din merkezleri idi. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın temel amacı, Sovyet yönetiminin Ahmet Yesevi Türbesi’nin dini önemini ortadan kaldırma ve onu tarihi ve kültürel bir anıt olarak koruma ve tanıtma çabalarını yeni arşiv belgelerine dayanarak analiz etmektir. Sovyet yönetimi, yerel halk tarafından “İkinci Mekke” olarak kutsal kabul edilen Ahmet Yesevi Türbesi’nin dini ve manevi önemini ortadan kaldırmak için, inananların orayı ziyaret etmesini engellemeye ve türbeyi ateizm müzesi haline getirmeye çalışmıştır. Bunun için türbenin hızla restore edilmesi gerekiyordu ancak çeşitli nedenlerle yenileme çalışmaları çok uzun sürmüştür. Uzun süren tadilatlardan sonra Ahmet Yesevi Türbesi’nde açılan müze, ateizm müzesi olarak adlandırılmasa da onun asıl görevi ateizm propagandası yapmak olmuştur. Dolayısıyla Bolşeviklerin söz konusu türbeye ilişkin bunun gibi çelişkili eylemleri birinci el kaynaklar aracılığıyla karşılaştırılarak anlatılmaktadır.

Proje Numarası

AP22787282

Kaynakça

  • Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CSARK)
  • Fund 1711 - Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Kazakh SSR, 1944-1965.
  • Fund 2079 - Authorized Representative of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Kazakh SSR, 1966-1974.
  • Fund 1890 - Ministry of Culture of the Kazakh SSR.
  • Presidential Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (PARK)
  • Fund 708 - Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 1937-1991.
  • Turkestan Regional State Archive (TRSA)
  • Fund 1353 - Authorized Representative of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the South Kazakhstan Region, 1944-1989.
  • Ahmet yassaui eskertkіshі. ed. B. Mustafin. Almaty: Kazakstan baspasy, 1972.
  • Aimauytov, Zhussipbek. “Azіret sultan (Khoja Ahmed Yasawi)”. Alty tomdyk shygarmalar zhinagy, 6 Volumes. Almaty: El-shezhіre, 2013, 294-304. [Zhana adebiet, 1, 1929].
  • Aitiev, T. “Kasiettі oryndardyn karapaiym syrlary”. Bіlіm zhane Enbek 8 (1960), 14-15.
  • Alіmbaev, Mukametzhan. “Tagy da Yassaui mavzoleyі zhaiynda”. Kazak adebietі (December 28, 1979), 4.
  • Ashenov, E. “Gimarattagy saltanat”. Leninshіl zhas (October 10, 1978), 3.
  • Bustanov, Alfrid. “The Yasawi Shrine and Soviet Oriental Studies”. Proceedings of the International Conference Reassessing the Heritage of Khoja Ahmet Yasawi (Turkistan, October 2023). ed. Mahmud Erol Kılıç et al. 45-70. Istanbul: IRCICA, 2024.
  • Deweese, Devin. “Ahmad Yasavi and the Divan-i hikmat in Soviet scholarship”. The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies. ed. Michael Kemper et al. 262-290. London-New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Duisenbin, Zh. Islam dіnіnde “auliege” zhane “aulielіk zherlerge” tabynu salty turaly. Almaty: Kazak memleket baspasy, 1958.
  • Dulatuly, Mіrzhakyp. “Hazіret Sultan”, Kazak gazetі. ed. A. Nysanbaev. 40-43. Almaty: Kazak entsiklopedijasy, 1998 [Kazak, 16-17, 1913].
  • Eyice, Semavi. “The Tekke of Akyazılı”. Belleten 31/124 (Ekim 1967), 593-600. https://doi. org/10.37879/ttkbelleten.1199463
  • Frank, Allen J. Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhstan. Viyana: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2019.
  • Gordlevsky, V.A. “Khoja Ahmed Yasawi”. Izbrannnye sochineniya, 3 Volumes. Moscow: Izdatelstva vostochnoi literatury, 1962, 361-368.
  • İlhan, Ümit Doğan. “Çalışma Değerlerine Etkisi Bakımından Türk Kültür Tarihinde Çalışma Ahlakı: Divan-ı Hikmet’ten Örnekler”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 62 (2024), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.1302029
  • Keller, Shoshana. To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign Against Islam in Central Asia, 1917-1941. London: Praeger Publishers, 2001.
  • Khasanov, Nodirkhon. “Abdurrauf Fıtrat: Hoca Ahmed Yesevî Hakkında”. Edeb Erkan 6 (2024), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.59402/EE006202405
  • Hasanov, Nodirxon. Yassaviylikka bag‘ishlangan “Tanzil us-solihin” asari haqida ayrim mulohazalar. Islom tafakkuri (1-maxsus son), O‘zbekiston Xalqaro Islom Akademiyasi, 2025, 93-99 b
  • Köç, Ahmet. “Osmanlı Devleti’nde Devlet-Tekke İlişkisinin Önemli Bir Tanığı: Halveti Şeyhi Sofyalı Bâlî Efendi ve Vakıfları”. Belleten 80/289 (Aralık 2016), 797-822. https://doi. org/10.37879/belleten.2016.797
  • Lunin, B.V. “Iz istorii izucheniya pamiatnikov stariny i iskusstva Srednei Azii (Turkomstaris, Sredazkomstaris, Uzkomstaris)”. Obshhestvennye nauki v Uzbekistane 3 (1990), 37-44.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Kolkhoz Islam in the Southern Kazakhstan Region and Religious Leadership (through the Cases of Zhartï-Töbe and Oranghay since the 1950s)”. Allah’s Kolkhozes: Migration, De-Stalinisation, Privatisation, and the New Muslim Congregations in the Soviet Realm (1950s-2000s). ed. Christian Noack et al. 307-366. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2014.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Shiitskie kulturnye vliyaniya na Centralnuyu Aziyu (na primere deyatelnosti alidov)”. Ars Islamica: v chest Stanislava Mihailovicha Prozorova. ed. M.B. Piotrovski et al. 721–723. Moscow: Nauka - Vostochnaia literatura, 2016.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Holy Heroes and Their Descendants”. Wissenskulturen muslimischer Gesellschaften, Philosophische und islamwissenschaftliche Zugänge Festschrift für Anke von Kügelgen. ed. Kata Moser et al. 303-314. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023.
  • Orlov, I.B.-Popov, A.D. “Show All the Advantages of Socialism”: Foreign Tourism in the USSR and Soviet Management of Visitors’ Impressions. Russian Studies in History, 59/3 (2021), 184-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2021.2014746 Petrash, Yu.G. Ten srednevekovya. Alma-Ata: Kazahstan, 1981.
  • Politicheskie repressii v Kazahstane v 1937–1938 gg. Sbornik dokumentov. ed. L.D. Degitaeva. Almaty: Kazakstan, 1998.
  • Sartori, Paolo-Babajanov, Bakhtiyar. “Tell the Mufti: Looking for Spiritual Guidance in Soviet Uzbekistan (1960s–1980s)”. Muslim Religious Authority in Central Eurasia. ed. Ron Sela et al. 303-335. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2023.
  • Shodiev, Rustam. Kriticheskij analiz nravstvennyh norm sredneaziatskogo sufizma. Samarkand: Samarkandskii gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni Alishera Navoi, Nauchni ateizm, Doktora Tezi, 1983.
  • Smirnov, Nikolai. Musulmanskoe sektantstvo. Moscow: Bezbozhnik, 1930.
  • Şahbaz, Davut. “Derviş ve İskân: Konya’da Şeyh Yatağan Ahmed Mürsel Örneği”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19/37 (Aralık 2025), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1838061
  • Tasar, Eren. “Sufism on the Soviet Stage: Holy People and Places in Central Asia’s Socio- Political Landscape after World War II”. Sufism in Central Asia: New Perspectives on Sufi Traditions, 15th-21st Centuries. ed. Devin DeWeese et al. 256–283. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Tazhіkova, K.H. Islam dіnіnіn reaktsiashyl manі. Almaty: Kazak SSR “Bіlіm” kogamy, 1978.
  • Taşğın, Ahmet. “Menkıbelerin Kurduğu Zaman ve Mekân: Ahmed Yesevi ve Hacı Bektaş Örneği”. Uluslararası İpek Yolunda Türk Dünyası Ortak Kültür Mirası Bilgi Şöleni (3-4 Ekim 2013). ed. Fahri Atasoy. 267–272. Ankara: Türk Yurdu Yayınları, 2014.
  • Yolgin, Yu.A. “N.M. Bachinski. Remont mavzoleia Hodzhi Ahmeda Yasavi v 1928 godu”. Arheologiya Kazahstana 4/6 (2019), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2019.4.6.55.63
  • Zarcone, Thierry. “Pilgrimage to the “Second Meccas” and “Ka‘bas” of Central Asia”. Central Asian Pilgrims. ed. A. Papas et al. 251-277. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2012.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. “Sovyet Kazakistan’ında İslama Yönelik Bir Uygulama: Militan Tanrısızlar Birliği”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 96 (2020), 531-556.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat-Baizhanova, Gulnur. “Sovyetler’in Kutsal Yerlere Karşı Politikası: Ahmet Yesevi Türbesi Örneği”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi 102 (Yaz 2022), 193–210.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. Sovyetler’in İslam Siyaseti ve Orta Asya’da Dini İdare (1943-1990). Ankara: Hitabevi, 2023.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. “Sovyet Kazakistan’ında Tasavvuf: Komünistlerin Yesevilik ve İşanlara Yönelik Faaliyeti”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi 109 (Bahar-Mart 2024), 49-78. https://doi.org/10.60163/hbv.109.001
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat-Baizhanova, Gulnur. “Kenestіk Kazakstandagy islamdyk kasiettі zherler: ateistіk shabuyl men ugіt-nasihat”. Otan Tarihy, 27/2 (2024), 328-346. https://doi. org/10.51943/2710-3994_2024_27_2_328-346

THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 117, 121 - 140, 15.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261
https://izlik.org/JA87ZB85BY

Öz

The article examines and compares the Soviet authorities’ efforts to eliminate the religious significance of the Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Mausoleum, as well as their attempts to preserve and promote it as a historical monument. It is well known that atheist ideology had a negative impact on Islam, particularly on Sufism and Islamic sacred sites. In their efforts to reshape society into a secular and atheist one, the Bolsheviks viewed Sufi traditions and major Sufi religious centers, which were deeply revered by the people, as significant obstacles to their agenda. In this regard, the main goal and objective of this study is to analyze how Soviet authorities sought to reduce the religious importance of the Yasawi Mausoleum while preserving it as a historical and cultural monument, based on newly uncovered archival documents. To abolish the religious and spiritual significance of the Yasawi Mausoleum, regarded as the “Second Mecca” by the local population, the Soviet authorities strove to prevent believers from visiting it and attempted to convert the Mausoleum into an atheist museum. Although rapid restoration was necessary to achieve it, various factors prolonged the renovation work. After the lengthy restoration, the museum established within the Yasawi Mausoleum was not officially labeled as atheist, yet its primary function included promoting atheist propaganda. Therefore, this article examines and compares these contradictory actions of the Bolsheviks concerning the Mausoleum, drawing on primary sources.

Proje Numarası

AP22787282

Teşekkür

The article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project titled AP22787282 “Sufism in Soviet Kazakhstan: on the Example of Yassawism and History of Ishan Tradition” (Советтік Қазақстанда сопылық: Яссауилік және ишандық дәстүр тарихы мысалында) funded by the grant from the Education Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Kaynakça

  • Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CSARK)
  • Fund 1711 - Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Kazakh SSR, 1944-1965.
  • Fund 2079 - Authorized Representative of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Kazakh SSR, 1966-1974.
  • Fund 1890 - Ministry of Culture of the Kazakh SSR.
  • Presidential Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (PARK)
  • Fund 708 - Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 1937-1991.
  • Turkestan Regional State Archive (TRSA)
  • Fund 1353 - Authorized Representative of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the South Kazakhstan Region, 1944-1989.
  • Ahmet yassaui eskertkіshі. ed. B. Mustafin. Almaty: Kazakstan baspasy, 1972.
  • Aimauytov, Zhussipbek. “Azіret sultan (Khoja Ahmed Yasawi)”. Alty tomdyk shygarmalar zhinagy, 6 Volumes. Almaty: El-shezhіre, 2013, 294-304. [Zhana adebiet, 1, 1929].
  • Aitiev, T. “Kasiettі oryndardyn karapaiym syrlary”. Bіlіm zhane Enbek 8 (1960), 14-15.
  • Alіmbaev, Mukametzhan. “Tagy da Yassaui mavzoleyі zhaiynda”. Kazak adebietі (December 28, 1979), 4.
  • Ashenov, E. “Gimarattagy saltanat”. Leninshіl zhas (October 10, 1978), 3.
  • Bustanov, Alfrid. “The Yasawi Shrine and Soviet Oriental Studies”. Proceedings of the International Conference Reassessing the Heritage of Khoja Ahmet Yasawi (Turkistan, October 2023). ed. Mahmud Erol Kılıç et al. 45-70. Istanbul: IRCICA, 2024.
  • Deweese, Devin. “Ahmad Yasavi and the Divan-i hikmat in Soviet scholarship”. The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies. ed. Michael Kemper et al. 262-290. London-New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Duisenbin, Zh. Islam dіnіnde “auliege” zhane “aulielіk zherlerge” tabynu salty turaly. Almaty: Kazak memleket baspasy, 1958.
  • Dulatuly, Mіrzhakyp. “Hazіret Sultan”, Kazak gazetі. ed. A. Nysanbaev. 40-43. Almaty: Kazak entsiklopedijasy, 1998 [Kazak, 16-17, 1913].
  • Eyice, Semavi. “The Tekke of Akyazılı”. Belleten 31/124 (Ekim 1967), 593-600. https://doi. org/10.37879/ttkbelleten.1199463
  • Frank, Allen J. Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhstan. Viyana: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2019.
  • Gordlevsky, V.A. “Khoja Ahmed Yasawi”. Izbrannnye sochineniya, 3 Volumes. Moscow: Izdatelstva vostochnoi literatury, 1962, 361-368.
  • İlhan, Ümit Doğan. “Çalışma Değerlerine Etkisi Bakımından Türk Kültür Tarihinde Çalışma Ahlakı: Divan-ı Hikmet’ten Örnekler”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 62 (2024), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.1302029
  • Keller, Shoshana. To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign Against Islam in Central Asia, 1917-1941. London: Praeger Publishers, 2001.
  • Khasanov, Nodirkhon. “Abdurrauf Fıtrat: Hoca Ahmed Yesevî Hakkında”. Edeb Erkan 6 (2024), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.59402/EE006202405
  • Hasanov, Nodirxon. Yassaviylikka bag‘ishlangan “Tanzil us-solihin” asari haqida ayrim mulohazalar. Islom tafakkuri (1-maxsus son), O‘zbekiston Xalqaro Islom Akademiyasi, 2025, 93-99 b
  • Köç, Ahmet. “Osmanlı Devleti’nde Devlet-Tekke İlişkisinin Önemli Bir Tanığı: Halveti Şeyhi Sofyalı Bâlî Efendi ve Vakıfları”. Belleten 80/289 (Aralık 2016), 797-822. https://doi. org/10.37879/belleten.2016.797
  • Lunin, B.V. “Iz istorii izucheniya pamiatnikov stariny i iskusstva Srednei Azii (Turkomstaris, Sredazkomstaris, Uzkomstaris)”. Obshhestvennye nauki v Uzbekistane 3 (1990), 37-44.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Kolkhoz Islam in the Southern Kazakhstan Region and Religious Leadership (through the Cases of Zhartï-Töbe and Oranghay since the 1950s)”. Allah’s Kolkhozes: Migration, De-Stalinisation, Privatisation, and the New Muslim Congregations in the Soviet Realm (1950s-2000s). ed. Christian Noack et al. 307-366. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2014.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Shiitskie kulturnye vliyaniya na Centralnuyu Aziyu (na primere deyatelnosti alidov)”. Ars Islamica: v chest Stanislava Mihailovicha Prozorova. ed. M.B. Piotrovski et al. 721–723. Moscow: Nauka - Vostochnaia literatura, 2016.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Holy Heroes and Their Descendants”. Wissenskulturen muslimischer Gesellschaften, Philosophische und islamwissenschaftliche Zugänge Festschrift für Anke von Kügelgen. ed. Kata Moser et al. 303-314. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023.
  • Orlov, I.B.-Popov, A.D. “Show All the Advantages of Socialism”: Foreign Tourism in the USSR and Soviet Management of Visitors’ Impressions. Russian Studies in History, 59/3 (2021), 184-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2021.2014746 Petrash, Yu.G. Ten srednevekovya. Alma-Ata: Kazahstan, 1981.
  • Politicheskie repressii v Kazahstane v 1937–1938 gg. Sbornik dokumentov. ed. L.D. Degitaeva. Almaty: Kazakstan, 1998.
  • Sartori, Paolo-Babajanov, Bakhtiyar. “Tell the Mufti: Looking for Spiritual Guidance in Soviet Uzbekistan (1960s–1980s)”. Muslim Religious Authority in Central Eurasia. ed. Ron Sela et al. 303-335. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2023.
  • Shodiev, Rustam. Kriticheskij analiz nravstvennyh norm sredneaziatskogo sufizma. Samarkand: Samarkandskii gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni Alishera Navoi, Nauchni ateizm, Doktora Tezi, 1983.
  • Smirnov, Nikolai. Musulmanskoe sektantstvo. Moscow: Bezbozhnik, 1930.
  • Şahbaz, Davut. “Derviş ve İskân: Konya’da Şeyh Yatağan Ahmed Mürsel Örneği”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19/37 (Aralık 2025), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1838061
  • Tasar, Eren. “Sufism on the Soviet Stage: Holy People and Places in Central Asia’s Socio- Political Landscape after World War II”. Sufism in Central Asia: New Perspectives on Sufi Traditions, 15th-21st Centuries. ed. Devin DeWeese et al. 256–283. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Tazhіkova, K.H. Islam dіnіnіn reaktsiashyl manі. Almaty: Kazak SSR “Bіlіm” kogamy, 1978.
  • Taşğın, Ahmet. “Menkıbelerin Kurduğu Zaman ve Mekân: Ahmed Yesevi ve Hacı Bektaş Örneği”. Uluslararası İpek Yolunda Türk Dünyası Ortak Kültür Mirası Bilgi Şöleni (3-4 Ekim 2013). ed. Fahri Atasoy. 267–272. Ankara: Türk Yurdu Yayınları, 2014.
  • Yolgin, Yu.A. “N.M. Bachinski. Remont mavzoleia Hodzhi Ahmeda Yasavi v 1928 godu”. Arheologiya Kazahstana 4/6 (2019), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2019.4.6.55.63
  • Zarcone, Thierry. “Pilgrimage to the “Second Meccas” and “Ka‘bas” of Central Asia”. Central Asian Pilgrims. ed. A. Papas et al. 251-277. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2012.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. “Sovyet Kazakistan’ında İslama Yönelik Bir Uygulama: Militan Tanrısızlar Birliği”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 96 (2020), 531-556.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat-Baizhanova, Gulnur. “Sovyetler’in Kutsal Yerlere Karşı Politikası: Ahmet Yesevi Türbesi Örneği”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi 102 (Yaz 2022), 193–210.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. Sovyetler’in İslam Siyaseti ve Orta Asya’da Dini İdare (1943-1990). Ankara: Hitabevi, 2023.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. “Sovyet Kazakistan’ında Tasavvuf: Komünistlerin Yesevilik ve İşanlara Yönelik Faaliyeti”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi 109 (Bahar-Mart 2024), 49-78. https://doi.org/10.60163/hbv.109.001
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat-Baizhanova, Gulnur. “Kenestіk Kazakstandagy islamdyk kasiettі zherler: ateistіk shabuyl men ugіt-nasihat”. Otan Tarihy, 27/2 (2024), 328-346. https://doi. org/10.51943/2710-3994_2024_27_2_328-346

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 117, 121 - 140, 15.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261
https://izlik.org/JA87ZB85BY

Öz

Proje Numarası

AP22787282

Kaynakça

  • Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CSARK)
  • Fund 1711 - Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Kazakh SSR, 1944-1965.
  • Fund 2079 - Authorized Representative of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Kazakh SSR, 1966-1974.
  • Fund 1890 - Ministry of Culture of the Kazakh SSR.
  • Presidential Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (PARK)
  • Fund 708 - Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 1937-1991.
  • Turkestan Regional State Archive (TRSA)
  • Fund 1353 - Authorized Representative of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the South Kazakhstan Region, 1944-1989.
  • Ahmet yassaui eskertkіshі. ed. B. Mustafin. Almaty: Kazakstan baspasy, 1972.
  • Aimauytov, Zhussipbek. “Azіret sultan (Khoja Ahmed Yasawi)”. Alty tomdyk shygarmalar zhinagy, 6 Volumes. Almaty: El-shezhіre, 2013, 294-304. [Zhana adebiet, 1, 1929].
  • Aitiev, T. “Kasiettі oryndardyn karapaiym syrlary”. Bіlіm zhane Enbek 8 (1960), 14-15.
  • Alіmbaev, Mukametzhan. “Tagy da Yassaui mavzoleyі zhaiynda”. Kazak adebietі (December 28, 1979), 4.
  • Ashenov, E. “Gimarattagy saltanat”. Leninshіl zhas (October 10, 1978), 3.
  • Bustanov, Alfrid. “The Yasawi Shrine and Soviet Oriental Studies”. Proceedings of the International Conference Reassessing the Heritage of Khoja Ahmet Yasawi (Turkistan, October 2023). ed. Mahmud Erol Kılıç et al. 45-70. Istanbul: IRCICA, 2024.
  • Deweese, Devin. “Ahmad Yasavi and the Divan-i hikmat in Soviet scholarship”. The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies. ed. Michael Kemper et al. 262-290. London-New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Duisenbin, Zh. Islam dіnіnde “auliege” zhane “aulielіk zherlerge” tabynu salty turaly. Almaty: Kazak memleket baspasy, 1958.
  • Dulatuly, Mіrzhakyp. “Hazіret Sultan”, Kazak gazetі. ed. A. Nysanbaev. 40-43. Almaty: Kazak entsiklopedijasy, 1998 [Kazak, 16-17, 1913].
  • Eyice, Semavi. “The Tekke of Akyazılı”. Belleten 31/124 (Ekim 1967), 593-600. https://doi. org/10.37879/ttkbelleten.1199463
  • Frank, Allen J. Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhstan. Viyana: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2019.
  • Gordlevsky, V.A. “Khoja Ahmed Yasawi”. Izbrannnye sochineniya, 3 Volumes. Moscow: Izdatelstva vostochnoi literatury, 1962, 361-368.
  • İlhan, Ümit Doğan. “Çalışma Değerlerine Etkisi Bakımından Türk Kültür Tarihinde Çalışma Ahlakı: Divan-ı Hikmet’ten Örnekler”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 62 (2024), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.1302029
  • Keller, Shoshana. To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign Against Islam in Central Asia, 1917-1941. London: Praeger Publishers, 2001.
  • Khasanov, Nodirkhon. “Abdurrauf Fıtrat: Hoca Ahmed Yesevî Hakkında”. Edeb Erkan 6 (2024), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.59402/EE006202405
  • Hasanov, Nodirxon. Yassaviylikka bag‘ishlangan “Tanzil us-solihin” asari haqida ayrim mulohazalar. Islom tafakkuri (1-maxsus son), O‘zbekiston Xalqaro Islom Akademiyasi, 2025, 93-99 b
  • Köç, Ahmet. “Osmanlı Devleti’nde Devlet-Tekke İlişkisinin Önemli Bir Tanığı: Halveti Şeyhi Sofyalı Bâlî Efendi ve Vakıfları”. Belleten 80/289 (Aralık 2016), 797-822. https://doi. org/10.37879/belleten.2016.797
  • Lunin, B.V. “Iz istorii izucheniya pamiatnikov stariny i iskusstva Srednei Azii (Turkomstaris, Sredazkomstaris, Uzkomstaris)”. Obshhestvennye nauki v Uzbekistane 3 (1990), 37-44.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Kolkhoz Islam in the Southern Kazakhstan Region and Religious Leadership (through the Cases of Zhartï-Töbe and Oranghay since the 1950s)”. Allah’s Kolkhozes: Migration, De-Stalinisation, Privatisation, and the New Muslim Congregations in the Soviet Realm (1950s-2000s). ed. Christian Noack et al. 307-366. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2014.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Shiitskie kulturnye vliyaniya na Centralnuyu Aziyu (na primere deyatelnosti alidov)”. Ars Islamica: v chest Stanislava Mihailovicha Prozorova. ed. M.B. Piotrovski et al. 721–723. Moscow: Nauka - Vostochnaia literatura, 2016.
  • Muminov, Ashirbek. “Holy Heroes and Their Descendants”. Wissenskulturen muslimischer Gesellschaften, Philosophische und islamwissenschaftliche Zugänge Festschrift für Anke von Kügelgen. ed. Kata Moser et al. 303-314. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023.
  • Orlov, I.B.-Popov, A.D. “Show All the Advantages of Socialism”: Foreign Tourism in the USSR and Soviet Management of Visitors’ Impressions. Russian Studies in History, 59/3 (2021), 184-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2021.2014746 Petrash, Yu.G. Ten srednevekovya. Alma-Ata: Kazahstan, 1981.
  • Politicheskie repressii v Kazahstane v 1937–1938 gg. Sbornik dokumentov. ed. L.D. Degitaeva. Almaty: Kazakstan, 1998.
  • Sartori, Paolo-Babajanov, Bakhtiyar. “Tell the Mufti: Looking for Spiritual Guidance in Soviet Uzbekistan (1960s–1980s)”. Muslim Religious Authority in Central Eurasia. ed. Ron Sela et al. 303-335. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2023.
  • Shodiev, Rustam. Kriticheskij analiz nravstvennyh norm sredneaziatskogo sufizma. Samarkand: Samarkandskii gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni Alishera Navoi, Nauchni ateizm, Doktora Tezi, 1983.
  • Smirnov, Nikolai. Musulmanskoe sektantstvo. Moscow: Bezbozhnik, 1930.
  • Şahbaz, Davut. “Derviş ve İskân: Konya’da Şeyh Yatağan Ahmed Mürsel Örneği”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19/37 (Aralık 2025), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1838061
  • Tasar, Eren. “Sufism on the Soviet Stage: Holy People and Places in Central Asia’s Socio- Political Landscape after World War II”. Sufism in Central Asia: New Perspectives on Sufi Traditions, 15th-21st Centuries. ed. Devin DeWeese et al. 256–283. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Tazhіkova, K.H. Islam dіnіnіn reaktsiashyl manі. Almaty: Kazak SSR “Bіlіm” kogamy, 1978.
  • Taşğın, Ahmet. “Menkıbelerin Kurduğu Zaman ve Mekân: Ahmed Yesevi ve Hacı Bektaş Örneği”. Uluslararası İpek Yolunda Türk Dünyası Ortak Kültür Mirası Bilgi Şöleni (3-4 Ekim 2013). ed. Fahri Atasoy. 267–272. Ankara: Türk Yurdu Yayınları, 2014.
  • Yolgin, Yu.A. “N.M. Bachinski. Remont mavzoleia Hodzhi Ahmeda Yasavi v 1928 godu”. Arheologiya Kazahstana 4/6 (2019), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2019.4.6.55.63
  • Zarcone, Thierry. “Pilgrimage to the “Second Meccas” and “Ka‘bas” of Central Asia”. Central Asian Pilgrims. ed. A. Papas et al. 251-277. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2012.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. “Sovyet Kazakistan’ında İslama Yönelik Bir Uygulama: Militan Tanrısızlar Birliği”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 96 (2020), 531-556.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat-Baizhanova, Gulnur. “Sovyetler’in Kutsal Yerlere Karşı Politikası: Ahmet Yesevi Türbesi Örneği”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi 102 (Yaz 2022), 193–210.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. Sovyetler’in İslam Siyaseti ve Orta Asya’da Dini İdare (1943-1990). Ankara: Hitabevi, 2023.
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat. “Sovyet Kazakistan’ında Tasavvuf: Komünistlerin Yesevilik ve İşanlara Yönelik Faaliyeti”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi 109 (Bahar-Mart 2024), 49-78. https://doi.org/10.60163/hbv.109.001
  • Zholdassuly, Talgat-Baizhanova, Gulnur. “Kenestіk Kazakstandagy islamdyk kasiettі zherler: ateistіk shabuyl men ugіt-nasihat”. Otan Tarihy, 27/2 (2024), 328-346. https://doi. org/10.51943/2710-3994_2024_27_2_328-346
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Orta Asya Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Talgat Zholdassuly 0000-0002-0976-6075

Çağatay Benhür 0000-0002-0962-9038

Proje Numarası AP22787282
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261
IZ https://izlik.org/JA87ZB85BY
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Sayı: 117

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Zholdassuly, Talgat - Benhür, Çağatay. “THE SOVIET PARADOX: SIMULTANEOUS ACTS OF PRESERVING AND DESTROYING THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 117 (01 Mart 2026): 121-140. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1836261.

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