Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

HPV frequency in oral cavity and oropharynx cancers and its association with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 27.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1589582

Abstract

Objectives: The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) varies ethnically and geographically and has better prognostic features compared to HPV negative cases. Escaping from the immune system is one of the important mechanisms in the development of oropharyngeal SCC. The interaction of programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) causes T cell suppression. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of HPV and its relation with PD-1/PD-L1, which is closely related to lymphoid tissue and important in prognosis and treatment in oral cavity and oropharynx SCCs. Method: We retrospectively investigated the presence of HPV in sections prepared from paraffin blocks of biopsy and excision materials by immunohistochemical staining method with p16 antibody and HPV in-situ hybridization (ISH) method in our series of 70 patients diagnosed with oral (SqHC). We also evaluated PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and PD-1 expression in lymphoid cells in the tumor microenvironment by immunohistochemically staining method. Results: HPV positivity was detected in three tumors, two in the oropharynx and one lateral to the tongue. PD-L1 positivity was observed in 45 (64.3%) cases. PD-1 expression was moderate or severe in 75.6% of PD-L1 positive cases and 24% of PD-L1 negative cases and this ratio was statistically significant. PD-L1 positivity was detected in only one of the 3 HPV positive cases. There was no significant difference in overall survival in PD-L1 positive patients compared to PD-L1 negative ones. Discussion: PD-1 or PD-L1 expression can be observed in oral cavity and oropharynx SCC regardless of HPV status. Although HPV positivity is frequently reported to be associated with good prognosis, studies are limited especially in our country. The prognostic and predictive importance of these biomarkers should be supported by more comprehensive studies.

References

  • Badoual, C., Hans, S., Merillon, N., Van Ryswick, C., Ravel, P., Benhamouda, N., Levionnois, E., Nizard, M., Si-Mohamed, A., Besnier, N., Gey, A., Rotem-Yehudar, R., Pere, H., Tran, T., Guerin, C. L., Chauvat, A., Dransart, E., Alanio, C., Albert, S., Barry, B., … Tartour, E. (2013). PD-1-expressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Cancer research, 73(1), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2606
  • Bauman, J. E., & Ferris, R. L. (2014). Integrating novel therapeutic monoclonal antibodies into themanagement of head and neck cancer. Cancer, 120(5), 624-632
  • Flies, D. B., Sandler, B. J., Sznol, M., & Chen, L. (2011). Blockade of the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway for cancer immunotherapy. The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 84(4), 409.
  • Garon, E. B., Rizvi, N. A., Hui, R., Leighl, N., Balmanoukian, A. S., Eder, J. P., ... & Gandhi, L. (2015). Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(21), 2018-2028.
  • Gildener-Leapman, N., Ferris, R. L., & Bauman, J. E. (2013). Promising systemic immunotherapies in head  and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral oncology, 49(12), 1089-1096.
  • Gillison, M. L., Koch, W. M., Capone, R. B., Spafford, M., Westra, W. H., Wu, L., ... & Sidransky, D. (2000). Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92(9), 709-720.
  • Kim, H. S., Lee, J. Y., Lim, S. H., Park, K., Sun, J. M., Ko, Y. H., ... & Ahn, M. J. (2016). Association between PD-L1 and HPV status and the prognostic value of PD-L1 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer research and treatment: official journal of Korean Cancer Association, 48(2), 527-536.
  • Lyford-Pike, S., Peng, S., Young, G. D., Taube, J. M., Westra, W. H., Akpeng, B., ... & Pai, S. I. (2013). Evidence for a role of the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway in immune resistance of HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer research, 73(6), 1733-1741.
  • Marur, S., D’Souza, G., Westra, W. H., & Forastiere, A. A. (2010). HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic. The lancet oncology, 11(8), 781-789.
  • Richards, L. (2010). Human papillomavirus—a powerful predictor of survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 7(9), 481-481.
  • Robert, C., Schachter, J., Long, G. V., Arance, A., Grob, J. J., Mortier, L., ... & Ribas, A. (2015). Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(26), 2521-2532.
  • Ukpo, O. C., Thorstad, W. L., & Lewis, J. S. (2013). B7-H1 expression model for immune evasion in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head and neck pathology, 7, 113-121.
  • Westra, W. H. (2009). The changing face of head and neck cancer in the 21st century: the impact of HPV on the epidemiology and pathology of oral cancer. Head and neck pathology, 3, 78-81.

Oral kavite ve orofarenks kanserlerinde HPV sıklığı, immun kontrol noktası inhibitörleri ile ilişkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 27.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1589582

Abstract

Amaç: Human papilloma virüs (HPV) ilişkili orofaringeal skuamöz hücreli karsinomların (SHK) prevalansı, etnik ve coğrafî farklılıklar göstermektedir. HPV ilişkili orofaringeal SHK’ların prognozunun, HPV ilişkisi negatif olanlara göre daha iyi olduğu bilinmektedir. Orofaringeal SHK gelişiminde immun sistemden kaçış da önemli mekanizmalardan biridir. T hücrelerinden eksprese olan programlanmış hücre ölüm reseptörü 1 (PD-1) ile programlanmış hücre ölüm reseptör ligandının (PD-L1) etkileşimi T hücre baskılanmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmamızda oral kavite ve orofarenks SHK’lerinde prognoz ve tedavide önemi olan, lenfoid doku ile yakından ilişkili HPV sıklığını, PD-1/PD-L1 etkileşimini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Orofarenks ve oral kavite yerleşimli SHK tanısı almış 70 olguda biyopsi ve eksizyon materyallerine ait parafin bloklardan hazırlanan kesitlerde HPV varlığı, p16 antikoru ile immunohistokimyasal boyama yöntemi ve HPV in-situ hibridizasyon (ISH) yöntemi ile retrospektif olarak araştırıldı. Ayrıca tümör hücrelerindeki PD-L1 ekspresyonu ve tümör mikro çevresindeki lenfoid hücrelerde PD-1 ekspresyonunu immunohistokimyasal boyama yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen olgulardan ikisi orofarenks ve biri dil laterali olmak üzere üç olguda tümörde HPV pozitifliği saptanmıştır. PD-L1 pozitifliği 45 (%64,3) olguda izlenmiştir. PD1 ekspresyonu, PD-L1 pozitif olguların %75,6’sında, PD-L1 negatif olanların %24’ünde orta veya şiddetli olup bu oran istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. HPV pozitif olan 3 olgunun yalnızca birinde PD-L1 pozitifliği saptanmıştır. PD-L1 pozitif olanlarda genel sağ kalım açısından PD-L1 negatif olanlara göre anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Tartışma: Oral kavite ve orofarenks SHK’de HPV durumundan bağımsız olarak PD-1 ya da PD-L1 ekspresyonu gözlenebilmektedir. HPV pozitifliğinin sıklıkla iyi prognoz ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilmekle birlikte özellikle ülkemizdeki çalışmalar kısıtlıdır. Bu biyobelirteçlerin prognostik ve prediktif önemi daha kapsamlı çalışmalar ile desteklenmelidir.

References

  • Badoual, C., Hans, S., Merillon, N., Van Ryswick, C., Ravel, P., Benhamouda, N., Levionnois, E., Nizard, M., Si-Mohamed, A., Besnier, N., Gey, A., Rotem-Yehudar, R., Pere, H., Tran, T., Guerin, C. L., Chauvat, A., Dransart, E., Alanio, C., Albert, S., Barry, B., … Tartour, E. (2013). PD-1-expressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Cancer research, 73(1), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2606
  • Bauman, J. E., & Ferris, R. L. (2014). Integrating novel therapeutic monoclonal antibodies into themanagement of head and neck cancer. Cancer, 120(5), 624-632
  • Flies, D. B., Sandler, B. J., Sznol, M., & Chen, L. (2011). Blockade of the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway for cancer immunotherapy. The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 84(4), 409.
  • Garon, E. B., Rizvi, N. A., Hui, R., Leighl, N., Balmanoukian, A. S., Eder, J. P., ... & Gandhi, L. (2015). Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(21), 2018-2028.
  • Gildener-Leapman, N., Ferris, R. L., & Bauman, J. E. (2013). Promising systemic immunotherapies in head  and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral oncology, 49(12), 1089-1096.
  • Gillison, M. L., Koch, W. M., Capone, R. B., Spafford, M., Westra, W. H., Wu, L., ... & Sidransky, D. (2000). Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92(9), 709-720.
  • Kim, H. S., Lee, J. Y., Lim, S. H., Park, K., Sun, J. M., Ko, Y. H., ... & Ahn, M. J. (2016). Association between PD-L1 and HPV status and the prognostic value of PD-L1 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer research and treatment: official journal of Korean Cancer Association, 48(2), 527-536.
  • Lyford-Pike, S., Peng, S., Young, G. D., Taube, J. M., Westra, W. H., Akpeng, B., ... & Pai, S. I. (2013). Evidence for a role of the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway in immune resistance of HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer research, 73(6), 1733-1741.
  • Marur, S., D’Souza, G., Westra, W. H., & Forastiere, A. A. (2010). HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic. The lancet oncology, 11(8), 781-789.
  • Richards, L. (2010). Human papillomavirus—a powerful predictor of survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 7(9), 481-481.
  • Robert, C., Schachter, J., Long, G. V., Arance, A., Grob, J. J., Mortier, L., ... & Ribas, A. (2015). Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(26), 2521-2532.
  • Ukpo, O. C., Thorstad, W. L., & Lewis, J. S. (2013). B7-H1 expression model for immune evasion in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head and neck pathology, 7, 113-121.
  • Westra, W. H. (2009). The changing face of head and neck cancer in the 21st century: the impact of HPV on the epidemiology and pathology of oral cancer. Head and neck pathology, 3, 78-81.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pathology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hayriye Tatlı Doğan 0000-0003-4318-2775

Mustafa Tahtacı 0000-0003-4046-3715

Publication Date February 27, 2025
Submission Date November 22, 2024
Acceptance Date December 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tatlı Doğan, H., & Tahtacı, M. (2025). HPV frequency in oral cavity and oropharynx cancers and its association with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Turkish Medical Journal, 10(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1589582

bf8427c2c5be3a8e93ed095426efd16e.png
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari (CC-BY-NC 4.0) Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Common Attribution Licence. (CC-BY-NC 4.0)