Research Article
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Effect of Ocular Dominance on Tear functions in Unilateral Pinguecula

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 41 - 46, 28.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1668953

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out whether ocular dominance has any effect on tear functions in unilateral pinguecula; and whether these tests differ within the patients. Methods: 63 men and 57 women participated to the study. The groups were: Pinguecula on dominant eye and pinguecula on non-dominant eye. Hole-in-the-card test was used to determine the dominant eye. Patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examination followed by tear Break up Time (BUT), Schirmer test and Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire (OSDI). Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for comparisons between and within groups. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Within the dominant eye group, normal and pinguecula eye BUT and schirmer results were statistically insignificant (p=0.08 and p=0.506). In Non-dominant eye group, normal and pinguecula eye BUT and schirmer results were also statistically insignificant (p=0.58 and p=0.16). The difference between OSDI scores of the Dominant and Non-dominant eye group was insignificant (p=0.579). Between the dominant and non-dominant eye groups, BUT were not statistically different in the eyes with pinguecula (p=0.45) and eyes without pinguecula (p=0.36). Also, between these groups, Schirmer results were not statistically different in the eyes with pinguecula (p=0.36) and eyes without pinguecula (p=0.27). Discussion: Unilateral pinguecula does not cause tear function changes between normal and pinguecula present eyes; and ocular dominance has no effect on tear functions in unilateral pinguecula patients. This is the first study to investigate whether ocular dominance affects tear functions in pinguecula.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was given by the Hitit University Ethics Committee (committee decision no: 314) and written consent was obtained from participants. This study abided with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Supporting Institution

Hitit University

Project Number

314

Thanks

The author thanks Hitit University Ophthalmology Clinic Technicians for their contributions to the study.

References

  • Andersen, H. H., Yosipovitch, G., & Galor, A. (2017). Neuropathic symptoms of the ocular surface: dryness, pain, and itch. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology, 17(5), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.1097/ ACI.0000000000000389
  • Arenas, E., Armas, G., & Ramirez, A. (2019). Pinguecula. The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1(1), 9.https://doi.org/10.4103/2219-4665.267880
  • Balogun, M. M., Ashaye, A. O., Ajayi, B. G. K., & Osuntokun, O. O. (2005). Tear break-up time in eyes with pterygia and pingueculae in Ibadan. West African journal of medicine, 24(2), 162-166. https://doi.org/10.4314/wajm.v24i2.28189
  • Coren, S., & Kaplan, C. P. (1973). Patterns of ocular dominance. Optometry and Vision Science, 50(4), 283-292.
  • Dong, N., Li, W., Lin, H., Wu, H., Li, C., Chen, W.,…Liu, Z. (2009). Abnormal epithelial differentiation and tear film alteration in pinguecula. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 50(6), 2710-2715. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2905
  • Goyal, S., & Hamrah, P. (2016, March). Understanding neuropathic corneal pain—gaps and current therapeutic approaches. In Seminars in ophthalmology (Vol. 31, No. 1-2, pp. 59-70). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.3109/08820538.2015.1114853
  • Jensen, B. H., Hougaard, A., Amin, F. M., Larsson, H. B., & Ashina, M. (2015). Structural asymmetry of cortical visual areas is related to ocular dominance. Neuroreport, 26(17), 1071-1076. https://doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0000000000000470
  • Jeong, J., Rand, G. M., Kwon, T., & Kwon, J. W. (2019). The Improvement of Dry Eye Symptoms after Pinguecula Excision and Conjunctival Autograft with Fibrin Glue. Journal of ophthalmology, 2019(1), 6438157. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6438157
  • Küçük, E., Yılmaz, U., & Zor, K. R. (2018). Corneal epithelial damage and impaired tear functions in patients with inflamed pinguecula. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018(1), 2474173. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2474173
  • Kwon, J. W., Bae, J. M., Kim, J. S., Jee, D., & Choi, J. A. (2019). Asymmetry of the macular structure is associated with ocular dominance. Can J Ophthalmol, 54(2), 237-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.04.020
  • Napoli, P. E., Sanna, R., Iovino, C., & Fossarello, M. (2017). Resolution of pinguecula-related dry eye disease after argon laser photocoagulation. International Medical Case Reports Journal, 247-250. https://doi.org/10.2147/imcrj.S138786
  • Oguz, H., Karadede, S., Bitiren, M., Gurler, B., & Cakmak, M. (2001). Tear functions in patients with pinguecula. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 79(3), 262-265. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0420.2001.790310.x
  • Perkins, E. S. (1985). The association between pinguecula, sunlight and cataract. Ophthalmic Res, 17(6),325-330. https://doi.org/10.1159/000265395
  • Stepp, M. A., Pal-Ghosh, S., Tadvalkar, G., Williams, A., Pflugfelder, S. C., & de Paiva, C. S. (2018). Reduced intraepithelial corneal nerve density and sensitivity accompany desiccating stress and aging in C57BL/6 mice. Experimental Eye Research, 169, 91-98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.024
  • Taylor, H. R., West, S. K., Rosenthal, F. S., Munoz, B., Newland, H. S., & Emmett, E. A. (1989). Corneal changes associated with chronic UV irradiation. Arch Ophthalmol, 107(10), 1481-1484. https://doi. org/10.1001/archopht.1989.01070020555039
  • Vayısoğlu, S. K., Öncü, E., Dursun, Ö., & Dinç, E. (2019). Öğretim Elemanlarında Kuru Göz Semptom Sıklığının Oküler Yüzey Hastalık İndeksi ile Araştırılması. Turk J Ophthalmol, 49(3), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjo.galenos.2018.67915
  • Viso, E., Gude, F., & Rodríguez-Ares, M. T. (2011). Prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium in a general population in Spain. Eye (Lond), 25(3), 350-357. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.204

Tek Taraflı Pingekulada Oküler Baskınlığın Göz yaşı Fonksiyonlarına Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 41 - 46, 28.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1668953

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tek taraflı pingekulada oküler baskınlığın gözyaşı fonksiyonlarına etkisinin olup olmadığını ve bu testlerin hastalar arasında farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastalar (63 erkek, 57 kadın) iki gruba bölündü: dominant gözünde pingekula olanlar ve non-dominant gözde pingekulası olanlar. Dominant gözü belirlemek için kartta delik testi kullanıldı. Hastalara detaylı göz muayenesi ile gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (BUT), Schirmer testi ve Oküler Yüzey Hastalık İndeksi Anketi (OSDI) yapıldı. Gruplar arası ve grup içi karşılaştırmalarda Mann-Whitney U testi ve Wilcoxon testi kullanıldı. P < 0.05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Dominant göz grubu içinde normal ve pingekulalı göz BUT ve schirmer sonuçları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0.08 ve p=0.506). Dominant olmayan göz grubunda normal ve pingekulalı göz BUT ve schirmer sonuçları da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0.58 ve p=0.16). Dominant ve non-dominant göz grubunun OSDI puanları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0.579). BUT; Dominant ve non-dominant göz grupları arasında pingekulalı gözlerde (p=0.45) ve pingekula olmayan gözlerde istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi. Ayrıca bu gruplar arasında, pingekulalı gözlerde ve pingekula olmayan gözlerde Schirmer sonuçları istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi (sırasıyla p=0.36 ve p=0.27). Tartışma: Tek taraflı pingekulası olan hastalarda, normal göze kıyasla gözyaşı fonksiyonunda ve OSDI testinde farklılık izlenmemiştir. Aynı zamanda pingekulanın dominant göz veya non-dominant gözde olmasının aynı testlerde bir etkinliğinin olmadığı izlenmiştir. Bu çalışma pingekulada oküler baskınlığı gözyaşı fonksiyonlarına etikini araştıran ilk çalışmadır.

Project Number

314

References

  • Andersen, H. H., Yosipovitch, G., & Galor, A. (2017). Neuropathic symptoms of the ocular surface: dryness, pain, and itch. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology, 17(5), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.1097/ ACI.0000000000000389
  • Arenas, E., Armas, G., & Ramirez, A. (2019). Pinguecula. The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1(1), 9.https://doi.org/10.4103/2219-4665.267880
  • Balogun, M. M., Ashaye, A. O., Ajayi, B. G. K., & Osuntokun, O. O. (2005). Tear break-up time in eyes with pterygia and pingueculae in Ibadan. West African journal of medicine, 24(2), 162-166. https://doi.org/10.4314/wajm.v24i2.28189
  • Coren, S., & Kaplan, C. P. (1973). Patterns of ocular dominance. Optometry and Vision Science, 50(4), 283-292.
  • Dong, N., Li, W., Lin, H., Wu, H., Li, C., Chen, W.,…Liu, Z. (2009). Abnormal epithelial differentiation and tear film alteration in pinguecula. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 50(6), 2710-2715. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2905
  • Goyal, S., & Hamrah, P. (2016, March). Understanding neuropathic corneal pain—gaps and current therapeutic approaches. In Seminars in ophthalmology (Vol. 31, No. 1-2, pp. 59-70). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.3109/08820538.2015.1114853
  • Jensen, B. H., Hougaard, A., Amin, F. M., Larsson, H. B., & Ashina, M. (2015). Structural asymmetry of cortical visual areas is related to ocular dominance. Neuroreport, 26(17), 1071-1076. https://doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0000000000000470
  • Jeong, J., Rand, G. M., Kwon, T., & Kwon, J. W. (2019). The Improvement of Dry Eye Symptoms after Pinguecula Excision and Conjunctival Autograft with Fibrin Glue. Journal of ophthalmology, 2019(1), 6438157. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6438157
  • Küçük, E., Yılmaz, U., & Zor, K. R. (2018). Corneal epithelial damage and impaired tear functions in patients with inflamed pinguecula. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018(1), 2474173. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2474173
  • Kwon, J. W., Bae, J. M., Kim, J. S., Jee, D., & Choi, J. A. (2019). Asymmetry of the macular structure is associated with ocular dominance. Can J Ophthalmol, 54(2), 237-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.04.020
  • Napoli, P. E., Sanna, R., Iovino, C., & Fossarello, M. (2017). Resolution of pinguecula-related dry eye disease after argon laser photocoagulation. International Medical Case Reports Journal, 247-250. https://doi.org/10.2147/imcrj.S138786
  • Oguz, H., Karadede, S., Bitiren, M., Gurler, B., & Cakmak, M. (2001). Tear functions in patients with pinguecula. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 79(3), 262-265. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0420.2001.790310.x
  • Perkins, E. S. (1985). The association between pinguecula, sunlight and cataract. Ophthalmic Res, 17(6),325-330. https://doi.org/10.1159/000265395
  • Stepp, M. A., Pal-Ghosh, S., Tadvalkar, G., Williams, A., Pflugfelder, S. C., & de Paiva, C. S. (2018). Reduced intraepithelial corneal nerve density and sensitivity accompany desiccating stress and aging in C57BL/6 mice. Experimental Eye Research, 169, 91-98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.024
  • Taylor, H. R., West, S. K., Rosenthal, F. S., Munoz, B., Newland, H. S., & Emmett, E. A. (1989). Corneal changes associated with chronic UV irradiation. Arch Ophthalmol, 107(10), 1481-1484. https://doi. org/10.1001/archopht.1989.01070020555039
  • Vayısoğlu, S. K., Öncü, E., Dursun, Ö., & Dinç, E. (2019). Öğretim Elemanlarında Kuru Göz Semptom Sıklığının Oküler Yüzey Hastalık İndeksi ile Araştırılması. Turk J Ophthalmol, 49(3), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjo.galenos.2018.67915
  • Viso, E., Gude, F., & Rodríguez-Ares, M. T. (2011). Prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium in a general population in Spain. Eye (Lond), 25(3), 350-357. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.204
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ophthalmology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeynep Eylül Ercan 0000-0002-9915-3781

Project Number 314
Publication Date May 28, 2025
Submission Date April 1, 2025
Acceptance Date May 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ercan, Z. E. (2025). Effect of Ocular Dominance on Tear functions in Unilateral Pinguecula. Turkish Medical Journal, 10(2), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1668953

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