Tunus’ta Otoriter Yönetim ve İslamcı Hareketin Doğuşu: Burgiba Dönemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (1956-1987)

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 130 - 155, 30.06.2017

H. Rumeysa Dursun

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.309827

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışma bağımsızlığın
ardından Tunus’ta bir tek adam rejimi kuran Habib Burgiba dönemindeki
gelişmeler üzerinden İslamcı hareketin doğuşunu incelemektedir. Tunus için
ilerleme ve kalkınmanın ancak Batı’ya özgü yöntem ve değerleri takip etmekle
mümkün olduğuna inanan Burgiba, ülkenin yüzyıllara dayanan Arap-Müslüman
kültürü ile olan bağlarını tamamen koparmaya dönük adımlar atmıştır. Bu
süreçte, devletin din üzerinde mutlak bir kontrol sağlaması amacıyla laiklik
otoriter bir anlayışla yeniden yorumlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Burgiba
tarafından halka tepeden dayatılan radikal sekülerleşme reformları ekonomik
sorunlardan bunalan toplumda kabul görmemiştir. İslami duyarlılıklarla harekete
geçen muhalif aktörler Burgiba döneminin sona ermesinde etkili olan toplumsal
ve siyasal bir hareketin oluşmasında kilit rol oynamıştır. Bu bağlamda,
çalışmada Tunus’ta İslami hareketin doğuşu ve siyasallaşma sürecinde
Burgiba’nın hayata geçirdiği radikal reformların ve ekonomik krizin etkileri
incelenecektir.

Keywords

Tunus, İslami hareket, Habib Burgiba, sekülerleşme

Authoritarian Rule and The Origins of The Islamist Movement in Tunisia: An Assessment of The Bourgiba Period (1956-1987)

Abstract

This study examines the origins of the Islamic movement through the developments in the period of Habib Bourguiba, which established a one man regime in Tunisia after independence. Bourguiba, who believes that progress and development for Tunisia is possible only by following Western methods and values , has taken steps to completely tie the country to its Arab-Muslim culture, which dates back to centuries. In this process, secularism has been reinterpreted in an authoritarian sense in order to give the state absolute control over religion. Nevertheless, the radical secularization reforms imposed on the public by Bourguiba have not been accepted in the
ensuing society due to economic problems. The opposing actors who acted with Islamic sensitivities played a key role in the formation of a social and political movement that was effective at the end of the Bourguiba period.In this context, the study will examine the effects of the radical reforms and the economic crisis of Bourguiba period on the birth and the politicization of the Islamic movement in Tunisia.

Keywords

Tunisia, Islamist Movement, Habib Bourguiba, Secularization

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