Building the Modern State in the Middle East: A Case Study on Iraq and Syria

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 157 - 189, 30.06.2021

Merve Özdemirkıran Embel

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.770416

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Many regimes in the Middle East have entered a disintegration process by the end of the Cold War which has been exacerbated following the intervention of the US led international coalition in Iraq in 2003. These regimes were unable to comply with the social change and demands that have been voiced since the 2011 Uprisings, and some states have weakened or collapsed like in Syria. To make sense of this process, one has to take a look back at the mandate period when the foundation of the modern state in the Middle East was laid and the incarnation of the nation state began. This article aims to reveal that the main source of the political instability linked to the ethnic and religious conflict and the denial of the central authority could be essentially found in the state building process in the region. By recalling the definition of the modern state as well as the theoretical debate on the modern state, the article analyzes the crisis of the state in the Middle East trough the Iraqi and Syrian cases.

Keywords

State Building, Modern State, Mandate Regime, Iraq, Syria

Orta Doğu’da Modern Devletin İnşası: Irak ve Suriye Örnekleri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri liderliğindeki uluslararası koalisyon güçlerinin Irak’a 2003 yılındaki müdahalesi, Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesiyle beraber meşruiyetleri hatta varlıkları tartışılır hale gelen birçok Orta Doğu rejiminin çöküşünü hızlandırdı. 2011’de başlayan isyanların temelini oluşturan toplumsal taleplere cevap veremeyen devletler çözünmeye hatta Suriye’de olduğu gibi iflas etmeye başladı. Bu süreci anlamlandırmaya yardımcı olacak pek çok unsuru Orta Doğu’da modern devletin temellerinin atıldığı, ulus-devlet inşasının somutlaştığı manda yönetimleri öneminde bulmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Orta Doğu’da günümüzde yaşanan etnik ve/veya dinsel çatışmanın ya da merkezi otoritenin reddine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan siyasi istikrarsızlığın ana kaynağının bölgedeki devlet inşası süreciyle ilgili olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, modern devlete ilişkin kuramsal tartışmaları hatırlatarak, Orta Doğu’daki devlet krizini Irak ve Suriye örnekleri üzerinden incelemektedir.

Keywords

Devlet İnşası, Modern Devlet, Manda Rejimi, Irak, Suriye

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