Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Oksitosinin Etkinliği

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 106 - 116, 31.01.2023

Dursun Alper Yılmaz

Öz

Amaç: Bu derleme otizm spektrum bozukluğunda oksitosinin etkinliğini incelemektedir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu derleme çalışmasında ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanlarındaki araştırmalardan yararlanılmıştır.
Tartışma: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, yaşamın erken dönemlerinde başlayan, sosyal iletişimde ve tekrarlayan davranışlarda belirli bir bozulma, yüksek düzeyde sınırlı ilgi alanları ve/veya duyusal davranışların belirli bir kombinasyonuna sahip bireyleri tanımlamak için kullanılan nörogelişimsel bir hastalıktır. Oksitosin, sosyal uyaranların belirginliğini artırma özelliği olan ve organizmanın bu uyaranlara daha iyi katılabilmesi ve yanıt verebilmesi için nöral süreçlerin ince ayarını yapan hipotalamustan sentezlenen bir hormondur. Gelen duyusal sinyalleri işleyen beyin bölgelerindeki sosyal bilgilerin sinyal-gürültü oranını artırma ve akışı kolaylaştırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu bilgilerin duyuşsal ve bilişsel süreçlerle ilgili alanlara aktarılması, öğrenmeyi ve hafızayı ödüllendirir. Sosyal belirginliğin davranışsal etkilerinin artması, büyük ölçüde bağlam ve organizmanın aldığı sosyal bilginin türüne bağlıdır. Oksitosinin insan sosyal davranışını ve bilişini modüle edebilmesi, otizm spektrum bozukluğunun sosyal çekirdek semptomları için potansiyel bir terapötik kaynak olabileceğine dair görüşleri gündeme getirmiştir. Uygulama yolunun optimizasyonu, dozları, tedavi süresi, uygulama aralığı ve tedaviye başlama zamanlamasını gibi problemler oksitosinin etkinliği konusunda bazı soru işaretlerini oluşturmaktadır.
Sonuç: Nörobiyolojik tedavi mekanizmalarını araştırmak ve otizm spektrum bozukluğunun temel semptomlarındaki boylamsal değişiklikleri doğru ve nesnel olarak değerlendirmek için konu ile ilgili ek araştırmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oksitosin, Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu, Sosyal Davranış

Kaynakça

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